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Original Articles

The Need for Bilingual Education: Estimates from the 1980 Census

Pages 1-14 | Published online: 12 May 2013

References

  • Cummins , James . 1981 . “ The Role of Primary Language Development in Promoting Educational Success for Language Minority Students ” . In In Schooling and Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework , 3 – 49 . Los Angeles , CA : Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center . developed by the Office of Bilingual Bicultural Education, California State Department of Education
  • 1979 . Study finds 3.6 million school-age children are LEP . FORUM , June/July : 1 – 2 . National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education
  • O’Malley , J. Michael . 1981 . Children’s English and Services Study, Language Minority Children with Limited English Proficiency in the United States , Rosslyn , VA : National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education .
  • Stolz , Walter and Brack , Margaret . 1976 . Final Report: A Project to Develop a Measure of English Language Proficiency , Arlington , VA : Center for Applied Linguistics .
  • U.S. Bureau of the Census . March 1982 . “ 1980 Census of Population and Housing, Supplementary Report, PHC 80-S1–1 ” . In Provisional Estimates of Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics, States and Selected Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas , March , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .

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