264
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Reliability of a shortened single-target implicit association Test (ST-IAT) as an implicit measure of attitudes towards inclusion. Replication and extension of “implicitly measuring attitudes towards inclusive Education: a new attitude Test based on single-target implicit associations” (Lüke and Grosche, 2018, European journal of special needs Education)

, &
Pages 567-581 | Received 06 Mar 2023, Accepted 25 Aug 2023, Published online: 07 Sep 2023

References

  • Aust, F., and M. Barth 2022. Papaja: Prepare Reproducible APA Journal Articles with R Markdown. https://github.com/crsh/papaja.
  • Avramidis, E., and B. Norwich. 2002. “Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Integration/Inclusion: A Review of the Literature.” European Journal of Special Needs Education 17 (2): 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856250210129056.
  • Bar-Anan, Y., and B. A. Nosek. 2014. “A Comparative Investigation of Seven Indirect Attitude Measures.” Behavior Research Methods 46 (3): 668–688. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0410-6.
  • Barth, M. 2022. Tinylabels: Lightweight Variable Labels. https://cran.r-project.org/package=tinylabels.
  • Bluemke, M., and M. Friese. 2008. “Reliability and Validity of the Single-Target IAT (ST-IAT): Assessing Automatic Affect Towards Multiple Attitude Objects.” European Journal of Social Psychology 38 (6): 977–997. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.487.
  • Börnert-Ringleb, M., A. Westphal, N. Zaruba, F. Gutmann, and M. Vock. 2020. “The Relationship Between Attitudes Toward Inclusion, Beliefs About Teaching and Learning, and Subsequent Automatic Evaluations Amongst Student Teachers.” Frontiers in Education 5:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.584464.
  • de Boer, A., S. J. Pijl, and A. Minnaert. 2011. “Regular Primary Schoolteachers’ Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education: A Review of the Literature.” International Journal of Inclusive Education 15 (3): 331–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110903030089.
  • Fox, J. 2022. Polycor: Polychoric and Polyserial Correlations. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=polycor.
  • Friese, M., W. Hofmann, and M. Schmitt. 2009. “‘When and Why Do Implicit Measures Predict Behaviour? Empirical Evidence for the Moderating Role of Opportunity, Motivation, and Process Reliance.” European Review of Social Psychology 19 (1): 285–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280802556958.
  • Gawronski, B., J. D. Houwer, and J. W. Sherman. 2020. “Twenty-Five Years of Research Using Implicit Measures.” Social Cognition 38 (Supplement): s1–s25. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2020.38.supp.s1.
  • Gilovich, T., D. Keltner, S. Chen, and R. E. Nisbett. 2016. Social Psychology. fourth ed. New York: W. w. Norton & Company.
  • Glashouwer, K. A., F. T. Y. Smulders, P. J. D. Jong, A. Roefs, and R. W. H. J. Wiers. 2013. “Measuring Automatic Associations: Validation of Algorithms for the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a Laboratory Setting.” Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 44 (1): 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.07.015.
  • Gohel, D. 2023. Officer: Manipulation of Microsoft Word and PowerPoint Documents. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=officer.
  • Gohel, D., and P. Skintzos 2023. Flextable: Functions for Tabular Reporting. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=flextable.
  • Gorges, J., J. Grumbach, S. A. Micheel, and P. Neumann. 2020. “Erfassung von Einstellungen zu Inklusion mit SACIE, EFI-L und KIESEL.” Diagnostica 66 (4): 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000253.
  • Greenwald, A. G., D. E. McGhee, and J. L. K. Schwartz. 1998. “Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (6): 1464–1480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464.
  • Greenwald, A. G., B. A. Nosek, and M. R. Banaji. 2003. “Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: I. An Improved Scoring Algorithm: Correction to Greenwald Et Al. (2003.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85 (3): 481. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087889.
  • Hofmann, W., B. Gawronski, T. Gschwendner, H. Le, and M. Schmitt. 2005. “A Meta-Analysis on the Correlation Between the Implicit Association Test and Explicit Self-Report Measures.” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 31 (10): 1369–1385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205275613.
  • Jackson, C. H. 2011. “Multi-State Models for Panel Data: The Msm Package for R.” Journal of Statistical Software 38 (8): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v038.i08.
  • Kassambara, A. 2023. Rstatix: Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rstatix.
  • Krischler, M., J. J. W. Powell, and I. M. Pit-Ten Cate. 2019. “‘What is Meant by Inclusion? On the Effects of Different Definitions on Attitudes Toward Inclusive Education”.” European Journal of Special Needs Education 34 (5): 632–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2019.1580837.
  • Kunz, A., R. Luder, and M. Moretti. 2010. “Die Messung von Einstellungen zur Integration (EZI).” Empirische Sonderpädagogik 2 (3): 83–94. https://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2014/9350/pdf/ESP_2010_3_Kunz_Luder_Moretti_Die_Messung.pdf.
  • Limesurvey Gmb, H. 2023. LimeSurvey: An Open Source Survey Tool. Hamburg. https://www.limesurvey.org/de/.
  • Lüke, T., and M. Grosche 2017. Professionsunabhängige Einstellungsskala zum Inklusiven Schulsystem (PREIS): Open Science Framework.
  • Lüke, T., and M. Grosche. 2018a. “Implicitly Measuring Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education: A New Attitude Test Based on Single-Target Implicit Associations.” European Journal of Special Needs Education 33 (3): 427–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1334432.
  • Lüke, T., and M. Grosche. 2018b. “‘What Do I Think About Inclusive Education? It Depends on Who is Asking. Experimental Evidence for a Social Desirability Bias in Attitudes Towards Inclusion”.” International Journal of Inclusive Education 22 (1): 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1348548.
  • Müller, K., and H. Wickham 2023. Tibble: Simple Data Frames. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tibble.
  • Nosek, B. A., Y. Bar-Anan, N. Sriram, J. Axt, A. G. Greenwald, and T. Denson. 2014. “Understanding and Using the Brief Implicit Association Test: Recommended Scoring Procedures.” PloS One 9 (12): e110938. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110938.
  • Nosek, B. A., and F. L. Smyth. 2007. “A Multitrait-Multimethod Validation of the Implicit Association Test: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes are Related but Distinct Constructs.” Experimental Psychology 54 (1): 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.54.1.14.
  • R Core Team. 2023. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Richetin, J., G. Costantini, M. Perugini, F. Schönbrodt, and J. Pietschnig. 2015. “Should We Stop Looking for a Better Scoring Algorithm for Handling Implicit Association Test Data? Test of the Role of Errors, Extreme Latencies Treatment, Scoring Formula, and Practice Trials on Reliability and Validity.” PloS One 10 (6): e0129601. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129601.
  • Rizopoulos, D. 2006. “Ltm: An R Package for Latent Variable Modelling and Item Response Theory Analyses.” Journal of Statistical Software 17 (5): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v017.i05.
  • Scheer, D., L. Egener, D. Laubenstein, and C. Melzer. 2020. “Development and Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument Measuring Subjective Definitions of Inclusion (FEDI).” International Journal of Inclusive Education 27 (4): 472–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2020.1853256.
  • Scheer, D., M. Scholz, A. Rank, and C. Donie. 2015. “Inclusive Beliefs and Self-Efficacy Concerning Inclusive Education Among German Teacher Trainees and Student Teachers.” Journal of Cognitive Education & Psychology 14 (3): 270–293. https://doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.14.3.270.
  • Schimmack, U. 2021. “The Implicit Association Test: A Method in Search of a Construct.” Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science 16 (2): 396–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619863798.
  • Schwab, S., and S. Seifert. 2015. “‘Einstellungen von Lehramtsstudierenden und Pädagogikstudierenden zur schulischen Inklusion – Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Untersuchung.” Zeitschrift für Bildungsforschung 5 (1): 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s35834-014-0107-7.
  • Seifried, S., and V. Heyl. 2016. “Konstruktion und Validierung eines Einstellungsfragebogens zu Inklusion für Lehrkräfte (EFI-L).” Empirische Sonderpädagogik 8 (1): 22–35. http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-118527.
  • Stoet, G. 2010. “PsyToolkit: A Software Package for Programming Psychological Experiments Using Linux.” Behavior Research Methods 42 (4): 1096–1104. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.42.4.1096.
  • Stoet, G. 2017. “PsyToolkit: A Novel Web-Based Method for Running Online Questionnaires and Reaction-Time Experiments.” Teaching of Psychology 44 (1): 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628316677643.
  • Venables, W. N., and B. D. Ripley 2002. Modern Applied Statistics with S (Fourth). Springer. https://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/MASS4/.
  • Wickham, H. 2022. Stringr: Simple, Consistent Wrappers for Common String Operations. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stringr.
  • Wickham, H., and J. Bryan 2023. Readxl: Read Excel Files. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readxl.
  • Wickham, H., R. François, L. Henry, K. Müller, and D. Vaughan 2023. Dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr.
  • Wickham, H., and L. Henry 2023. Purrr: Functional Programming Tools. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=purrr.
  • Wickham, H., J. Hester, and J. Bryan 2023. Readr: Read Rectangular Text Data. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readr.
  • Wickham, H., D. Vaughan, and M. Girlich 2023. Tidyr: Tidy messy data. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidyr.
  • Wüthrich, S., and C. Sahli Lozano. 2018. “Measuring Implicit Attitudes with the Inclusion ST-IAT: A Replication and Further Validation.” Learning Disabilities: A Contemporary Journal 16 (1): 59–73. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1179966.pdf.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.