REFERENCES
- American Heart Association. 2002 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. American Heart Association, Dallas, Tex 2001
- Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH, et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult. Circulation. 2001 Dec 11; 104(24)2996–3007
- Heywood JT, Fonarow GC, Wynne J. Is heart failure really renal failure? Observations from 88,705 admissions with decompensated heart failure in the ADHERE™ Registry [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45(Suppl. A)173A
- Loran MJ, McErlean M, Eisele G, Raccio-Robak N, Verdile VP. The emergency department care of the hemodialysis patient. Clinical Nephrology. 2002; 57(6)439–443
- Hamilton RJ, Carter WA, Gallagher EJ. Rapid improvement of acute pulmonary edema with sublingual captopril. Academic Emergency Medicine. Mar 1996; 3(3)205–212
- Fonarow GC. Pharmacologic therapies for acutely decompensated heart failure. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2002; 3(Suppl. 4)S18–S27
- Stier CT, Jr, Chander PN, Rocha R. Aldosterone as a mediator in cardiovascular injury. Cardiol Rev. 2002; 10: 97–107
- Schrier RW, Abraham WT. Mechanisms of disease: hormones and hemodynamics in heart failure. New Engl J Med. 1999; 341: 577–585
- Nathisuwan S, Talbert RL. A review of vasopeptidase inhibitors: A new modality in the treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure. Pharmacotherpay. 2002; 22: 27–42
- Butler J, Emerman CL, Peacock WF, et al. The efficacy and safety of B-type natriuretic peptide (nesiritide) in patients with renal insufficiency and acutely decompensated congestive heart failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004; 19: 391–399
- Wester RC, Noonan PK, Smeach S, Kosobud L. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous and topical nitroglycerin in the rhesus monkey: Estimate of percutaneous first-pass metabolism. J Pharm Sci. 1983; 72(7)745–748
- Weber JE, Diercks D, Chandra A, Peacock WF, Mathur V. Safety and efficacy of B-type natriuretic peptide as a bridge to dialysis in end-stage renal failure patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2005; 12(5 Suppl. 1)98
- VMAC Investigators. Intravenous nesiritide vs. nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 287: 1531–1540
- Fonarow GC, Hamilton MA, Moriguchi JD. Hemodynamic predictors of clinical outcomes in decompensated advanced heart failure. J Card Fail. 2001; 7: 38
- Sackner-Bernstein JD, Skopicki HA, Aaronson KD. Risk of worsening renal function with nesiritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Circulation. Mar, 2005; 111: 1487–1491
- Sackner-Bernstein JD, Kowalski M, Fox M, Aaronson KD. Short-term risk of death after treatment with nesiritide for decompensated heart failure: A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA April 20, 2005; 293: 1900–1905