References
- Mettang T, Kremer AE. Uremic pruritus. Kidney Int. 2015;87(4):685–691.
- Solak Y, Biyik Z, Atalay H, et al. Pregabalin versus gabapentin in the treatment of neuropathic pruritus in maintenance haemodialysis patients: a prospective, crossover study. Nephrology. 2012;17(8):710–717.
- Pisoni RL, Wikstrom B, Elder SJ, et al. Pruritus in haemodialysis patients: international results from the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study (DOPPS). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21(12):3495–3505.
- Rayner HC, Larkina M, Wang M, et al. International comparisons of prevalence, awareness, and treatment of pruritus in people on hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12(12):2000–2007.
- Daraghmeh M, Badran M, Janajreh A, et al. Prevalence of pruritus associated with hemodialysis and its association with sleep quality among hemodialysis patients: a multicenter study. BMC Nephrol. 2022;23(1):213.
- Wikstrom B. Itchy skin–a clinical problem for haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(Suppl 5):v3–v7.
- Narita I, Alchi B, Omori K, et al. Etiology and prognostic significance of severe uremic pruritus in chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2006;69(9):1626–1632.
- Mathur VS, Lindberg J, Germain M, et al. A longitudinal study of uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5(8):1410–1419.
- Suseł J, Batycka-Baran A, Reich A, et al. Uraemic pruritus markedly affects the quality of life and depressive symptoms in haemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014;94(3):276–281.
- Meng Y, Wu HT, Niu JL, et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety and their predictors among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Northern China: a cross-sectional study. Ren Fail. 2022;44(1):933–944.
- Mettang T, Pauli-Magnus C, Alscher DM. Uraemic pruritus–new perspectives and insights from recent trials. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(9):1558–1563.
- Yosipovitch G, Greaves MW, Schmelz M. Itch. Lancet. 2003;361(9358):690–694.
- Patel TS, Freedman BI, Yosipovitch G. An update on pruritus associated with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;50(1):11–20.
- Simonsen E, Komenda P, Lerner B, et al. Treatment of uremic pruritus: a systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;70(5):638–655.
- Hercz D, Jiang SH, Webster AC. Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;12(12):Cd011393.
- Song YH, Wang SY, Lang JH, et al. Therapeutic effect of intravenous sodium thiosulfate for uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2020;42(1):987–993.
- Trachtenberg AJ, Collister D, Rigatto C. Recent advances in the treatment of uremic pruritus. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2020;29(5):465–470.
- Ikoma A, Steinhoff M, Stander S, et al. The neurobiology of itch. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7(7):535–547.
- Kumagai H, Ebata T, Takamori K, et al. Effect of a novel kappa-receptor agonist, nalfurafine hydrochloride, on severe itch in 337 haemodialysis patients: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(4):1251–1257.
- Wikstrom B, Gellert R, Ladefoged SD, et al. Kappa-opioid system in uremic pruritus: multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16(12):3742–3747.
- Ueno Y, Mori A, Yanagita T. One year long-term study on abuse liability of nalfurafine in hemodialysis patients. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013;51(11):823–831.
- Kozono H, Yoshitani H, Nakano R. Post-marketing surveillance study of the safety and efficacy of nalfurafine hydrochloride (remitch((R)) capsules 2.5 mug) in 3,762 hemodialysis patients with intractable pruritus. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2018;11:9–24.
- Singh J. International conference on harmonization of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use. J Pharmacol Pharmacotherapeut. 2015;6(3):185–187.
- Naito C. Ethnic factors in the acceptability of foreign clinical data. Drug Inf J. 1998;32(1):1283S–1292S.
- Kumada H, Miyakawa H, Muramatsu T, et al. Efficacy of nalfurafine hydrochloride in patients with chronic liver disease with refractory pruritus: a randomized, double-blind trial. Hepatol Res. 2017;47(10):972–982.
- Kumagai H, Ebata T, Takamori K, et al. Efficacy and safety of a novel k-agonist for managing intractable pruritus in dialysis patients. Am J Nephrol. 2012;36(2):175–183.
- Manenti L, Leuci E. Do you feel itchy? A guide towards diagnosis and measurement of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus in dialysis patients. Clin Kidney J. 2021;14(Suppl 3):i8–i15.
- Reich A, Heisig M, Phan NQ, et al. Visual analogue scale: evaluation of the instrument for the assessment of pruritus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;92(5):497–501.
- Wahlgren CF, Ekblom A, Hagermark O. Some aspects of the experimental induction and measurement of itch. Acta Derm Venereol. 1989;69(3):185–189.
- Xie ZQ, Fu JZ, Chen G, et al. Correlation between ameliorated kawashima itch scale and visual analogue scale. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2018;40(4):539–542.
- Grilo RM, Treves R, Preux PM, et al. Clinically relevant VAS pain score change in patients with acute rheumatic conditions. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74(4):358–361.
- Sateia MJ. International classification of sleep disorders-third edition. Chest. 2014;146(5):1387–1394.
- Mollerup I. The trend of global clinical trials - implications of ICH E17. Proc Annu Meeting Jpn Pharmacol Soc. 2018;WCP2018: SY34-34.
- Ruckle J. Bridging studies in pharmaceutical safety assessment. Pharmaceutical Sciences Encyclopedia. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.
- Kumagai H. Prospects for a novel opioid kappa receptor agonist TRK-820 in uremic pruritus. Paper presented at: international Workshop on Itch; 2001 Oct 5–7th; Singapore.
- Kenya K, Takeshi Y, Hiroteru K, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of nalfurafine hydrochloride on pruritus in chronic liver disease patients: patient-reported outcome based analyses. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0178991.
- Seki T, Awamura S, Kimura C, et al. Pharmacological properties of TRK-820 on cloned μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors and nociceptin receptor. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999;376(1-2):159–167.
- Delmez JA. Efficacy and safety of a new kappa-opioid receptor agonist for the treatment of uremic pruritus. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2006;2(7):358–359.
- Akihiko I Martin, et al. The neurobiology of itch. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7(7):535–547.
- Togashi Y, Umeuchi H, Okano K, et al. Antipruritic activity of the κ-opioid receptor agonist, TRK-820. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;435(2-3):259–264.
- Kamei J, Nagase H. Norbinaltorphimine, a selective κ-opioid receptor antagonist, induces an itch-associated response in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001;418(1-2):141–145.
- Umeuchi H, Togashi Y, Honda T, et al. Involvement of central μ-opioid system in the scratching behavior in mice, and the suppression of it by the activation of κ-opioid system. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;477(1):29–35.
- Tominaga M, Ogawa H, Takamori K. Possible roles of epidermal opioid systems in pruritus of atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2007;127(9):2228–2235.
- Fishbane S, Jamal A, Munera C, et al. A phase 3 trial of difelikefalin in hemodialysis patients with pruritus. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(3):222–232.
- Deeks ED. Difelikefalin: first approval. Drugs. 2021;81(16):1937–1944.
- Narita I, Tsubakihara Y, Uchiyama T, et al. Efficacy and safety of difelikefalin in Japanese patients with moderate to severe pruritus receiving hemodialysis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(5):e2210339.
- Takahashi N, Yoshizawa T, Kumagai J, et al. Response of patients with hemodialysis-associated pruritus to new treatment algorithm with nalfurafine hydrochloride: a retrospective survey-based study. Ren Replace Ther. 2016;2(1):27.