Seasonal variation of serum potassium in hemodialysis patients: myth or reality? A narrative review of literature

References

• Giebisch G. Renal potassium transport: mechanisms and regulation. Am J Physiol. 1998;274(5):F817–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hayslett JP, Binder HJ. Mechanism of potassium adaptation. Am J Physiol. 1982;243(2):F103–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Durose CL, Holdsworth M, Watson V, et al. Knowledge of dietary restrictions and the medical consequences of noncompliance by patients on hemodialysis are not predictive of dietary compliance. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104(1):35–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2003.10.016.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cox BD, Whichelow MJ, Prevost AT. Seasonal consumption of salad vegetables and fresh fruit in relation to the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Public Health Nutr. 2000;3(1):19–29. doi: 10.1017/s1368980000000045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanai M, Satomura A, Uehara Y, et al. Circannual rhythm of laboratory test parameters among chronic haemodialysis patients. Blood Purif. 2008;26(2):196–203. doi: 10.1159/000117310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usvyat LA, Carter M, Thijssen S, et al. Seasonal variations in mortality, clinical, and laboratory parameters in hemodialysis patients: a 5-year cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;7(1):108–115. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03880411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung AK, Yan G, Greene T, et al. Seasonal variations in clinical and laboratory variables among chronic hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13(9):2345–2352. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000026611.07106.A7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacic V, Kovacic V. Seasonal variations of clinical and biochemical parameters in chronic haemodialysis. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2004;33(6):763–768. doi: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.Kovac.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marti-Soler H, Pommier C, Bochud M, et al. Seasonality of sodium and potassium consumption in Switzerland. Data from three cross-sectional, population-based studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovas Dis. 2017;27(9):792–798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain A, Zulfiqar F, Saboor A. Changing food patterns across the seasons in rural Pakistan: analysis of food variety, dietary diversity and calorie intake. Ecol Food Nutr. 2014;53(2):119–141. doi: 10.1080/03670244.2013.792076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajendran VM, Sandle GI. Colonic potassium absorption and secretion in health and disease. Compr Physiol. 2018;8(4):1513–1536. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c170030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Rooij ENM, Dekker FW, Le Cessie S, et al. Serum potassium and mortality risk in hemodialysis patients: a cohort study. Kidney Med. 2022;4(1):100379. doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.08.013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamada S, Inaba M. Potassium metabolism and management in patients with CKD. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1751. doi: 10.3390/nu13061751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pani A, Floris M, Rosner MH, et al. Hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients. Sem Dialysis. 2014;27(6):571–576. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf AA, Hu Y, Singh B, et al. Serum potassium levels and mortality in hemodialysis patients: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Nephrol. 2016;44(3):179–186. doi: 10.1159/000448341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins AJ, Pitt B, Reaven N, et al. Association of serum potassium with all-cause mortality in patients with and without heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and/or diabetes. Am J Nephrol. 2017;46(3):213–221. doi: 10.1159/000479802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovesdy CP, Rowan CG, Conrad A, et al. Real-world evaluation of Patiromer for the treatment of hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int Rep. 2019;4(2):301–309. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.10.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montford JR, Linas S. How dangerous is hyperkalemia? JASN. 2017;28(11):3155–3165. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016121344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clase CM, Carrero J-J, Ellison DH, et al. Potassium homeostasis and management of Dyskalemia in kidney diseases: conclusions from a kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference. Kidney Int. 2020;97(1):42–61. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.09.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium homeostasis. Adv Physiol Educ. 2016;40(4):480–490. doi: 10.1152/advan.00121.2016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrelli S, Matarazzo I, Lembo E, et al. Chronic hyperkaliemia in chronic kidney disease: an old concern with new answers. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(12):6378. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Alessandro C, Cumetti A, Pardini E, et al. Prevalence and correlates of hyperkalemia in a renal nutrition clinic. Intern Emerg Med. 2021;16(1):125–132. doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02353-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer BF. Regulation of potassium homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10(6):1050–1060. doi: 10.2215/CJN.08580813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilbrey GL, Carter NW, White MG, et al. Potassium deficiency in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int. 1973;4(6):423–430. doi: 10.1038/ki.1973.138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seliger SL. Hyperkalemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019;34(Suppl 3):iii12–iii18. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfz231.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giebisch G, Krapf R, Wagner C. Renal and extrarenal regulation of potassium. Kidney Int. 2007;72(4):397–410. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein M, Lifschitz MD. The unappreciated role of extrarenal and gut sensors in modulating renal potassium handling: implications for diagnosis of Dyskalemias and interpreting clinical trials. Kidney Int Rep. 2016;1(1):43–56. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.03.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes CP, Jr., McLeod ME, Robinson RR. An extravenal mechanism for the maintenance of potassium balance in severe chronic renal failure. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1967;80:207–216.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathialahan T, Maclennan KA, Sandle LN, et al. Enhanced large intestinal potassium permeability in end-stage renal disease. J Pathol. 2005;206(1):46–51. doi: 10.1002/path.1750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastl C, Hayslett JP, Binder HJ. Increased large intestinal secretion of potassium in renal insufficiency. Kidney Int. 1977;12(1):9–16. doi: 10.1038/ki.1977.73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston RA, Afshartous D, Rodco R, et al. Evidence for a gastrointestinal-renal kaliuretic signaling axis in humans. Kidney Int. 2015;88(6):1383–1391. doi: 10.1038/ki.2015.243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi K, Kitamura M, Otsuka E, et al. Association between annual variability of potassium levels and prognosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2023;27(10):873–881. doi: 10.1007/s10157-023-02368-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahar DR, Yerushalmi N, Lubin F, et al. Seasonal variations in dietary intake affect the consistency of dietary assessment. Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17(2):129–133. doi: 10.1023/a:1017542928978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shephard RJ, Aoyagi Y. Seasonal variations in physical activity and implications for human health. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;107(3):251–271. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1127-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y, Yun SH, Koo H, et al. Different seasonal variations of potassium in hemodialysis patients with high longitudinal potassium levels: a multicenter cohort study using DialysisNet. Yonsei Med J. 2021;62(4):315–324. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.4.315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leggat JE, Orzol SM, Hulbert-Shearon TE, et al. Noncompliance in hemodialysis: predictors and survival analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32(1):139–145. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9669435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kugler C, Vlaminck H, Haverich A, et al. Nonadherence with diet and fluid restrictions among adults having hemodialysis. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2005;37(1):25–29. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2005.00009.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shemin D, Bostom AG, Laliberty P, et al. Residual renal function and mortality risk in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38(1):85–90. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2001.25198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JE, Kim H-J, Lee MJ, et al. Comparison of dietary intake patterns in hemodialysis patients by nutritional status: a cross-sectional analysis. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2020;39(2):202–212. doi: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsiagka D, Georgianos PI, Pikilidou MI, et al. Prevalence, recurrence and seasonal variation of hyperkalemia among patients on hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2022;54(9):2327–2334. doi: 10.1007/s11255-022-03142-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossignol P, Lamiral Z, Frimat L, et al. Hyperkalaemia prevalence, recurrence and management in chronic haemodialysis: a prospective multicentre French regional registry 2-year survey. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017;32(12):2112–2118. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakata T, Yoshimatsu H, Kurokawa M. Hypothalamic neuronal histamine: implications of its homeostatic control of energy metabolism. Nutrition. 1997;13(5):403–411. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(97)91277-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto K, Sakata T, Ookuma K, et al. Hypothalamic histamine modulates adaptive behavior of rats at high environmental temperature. Experientia. 1990;46(3):283–285. doi: 10.1007/BF01951767.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Westerterp KR, Plasqui G, Goris AH. Water loss as a function of energy intake, physical activity and season. Br J Nutr. 2005;93(2):199–203. doi: 10.1079/bjn20041310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C. Differences in reported winter and summer dietary intakes in young adults in Spain. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2005;56(6):431–443. doi: 10.1080/09637480500407875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osiba S. The seasonal variation of basal metabolism and activity of thyroid gland in man. Jpn J Physiol. 1957;7(4):355–365. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.7.355.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leonard WR, Levy SB, Tarskaia LA, et al. Seasonal variation in basal metabolic rates among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia. Am J Hum Biol. 2014;26(4):437–445. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry CJ, Ponnalagu S, Bi X, et al. Does basal metabolic rate drive eating rate? Physiol Behav. 2018;189:74–77. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis C, Bryan J, Hodgson J, et al. Definition of the Mediterranean diet; a literature review. Nutrients. 2015;7(11):9139–9153. doi: 10.3390/nu7115459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernier-Jean A, Wong G, Saglimbene V, et al. Dietary potassium intake and all-cause mortality in adults treated with hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;16(12):1851–1861. doi: 10.2215/CJN.08360621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos CI, González-Ortiz A, Espinosa-Cuevas A, et al. Does dietary potassium intake associate with hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2021;36(11):2049–2057. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garagarza C, Valente A, Caetano C, et al. Potassium intake-(Un)expected non-predictor of higher serum potassium levels in hemodialysis DASH diet consumers. Nutrients. 2022;14(10):2071. doi: 10.3390/nu14102071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narasaki Y, Okuda Y, Kalantar SS, et al. Dietary potassium intake and mortality in a prospective hemodialysis cohort. J Ren Nutr. 2021;31(4):411–420. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2020.05.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Ortiz A, Xu H, Ramos-Acevedo S, et al. Nutritional status, hyperkalaemia and attainment of energy/protein intake targets in haemodialysis patients following plant-based diets: a longitudinal cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2021;36(4):681–688. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St-Jules DE, Goldfarb DS, Sevick MA. Nutrient non-equivalence: does restricting high-potassium plant foods help to prevent hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients? J Ren Nutr. 2016;26(5):282–287. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.02.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yosipovitch G, Reis J, Tur E, et al. Sweat electrolytes in patients with advanced renal failure. J Lab Clin Med. 1994;124(6):808–812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters PW, Lawson N, Marenah CB, et al. High ambient temperature: a spurious cause of hypokalaemia. BMJ. 1996;312(7047):1652–1653. doi: 10.1136/bmj.312.7047.1652.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ulahannan TJ, McVittie J, Keenan J. Ambient temperatures and potassium concentrations. Lancet. 1998;352(9141):1680–1681. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)61452-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair D, Briston P, Young R, et al. Seasonal pseudohyperkalaemia. J Clin Pathol. 2003;56(5):385–388. doi: 10.1136/jcp.56.5.385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sodi R, Davison AS, Holmes E, et al. The phenomenon of seasonal pseudohypokalemia: effects of ambient temperature, plasma glucose and role for sodium-potassium-exchanging-ATPase. Clin Biochem. 2009;42(9):813–818. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.01.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guinsburg AM, Usvyat LA, Etter M, et al. Seasonal variations in mortality and clinical indicators in international hemodialysis populations from the MONDO registry. BMC Nephrol. 2015;16(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s12882-015-0129-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keatinge WR, Donaldson GC. The impact of global warming on health and mortality. South Med J. 2004;97(11):1093–1099. doi: 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000144635.07975.66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford VL, McCann M, Stout RW. Changes in seasonal deaths from myocardial infarction. QJM. 2003;96(1):45–52. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcg005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer JB. Cold–an underrated risk factor for health. Environ Res. 2003;92(1):8–13. doi: 10.1016/S0013-9351(02)00009-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalrymple LS, Mohammed SM, Mu Y, et al. Risk of cardiovascular events after infection-related hospitalizations in older patients on dialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(7):1708–1713. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10151110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries RP, Heisel AG, Jung JK, et al. Circannual variation of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and either coronary artery disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79(9):1194–1197. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00081-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand K, Aryana A, Cloutier D, et al. Circadian, daily, and seasonal distributions of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(7):1134–1138. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.04.063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar