Co-producing maps as boundary objects: Bridging Labrador Inuit knowledge and oceanographic research

References

• Ackoff, R. L. 1989. “From Data to Wisdom.” Journal of Applied Systems Analysis 16 (1): 3–9.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, T. C. 1985. Rivers of Labrador. Ottawa: Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 81, 389.
   Google Scholar
• Aporta, C. 2005. “From Map to Horizon; from Trail to Journey: Documenting Inuit Geographic Knowledge.” Études/Inuit/Studies 29 (1–2): 221–231. doi:https://doi.org/10.7202/013941ar.
   Google Scholar
• Aporta, C. 2009. “The Trail as Home: Inuit and their Pan-Arctic Network of Routes.” Human Ecology 37: 131–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aporta, C. 2011. “Shifting Perspectives on Shifting Ice: Documenting and Representing Inuit Use of the Sea Ice.” The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 55 (1): 6–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aporta, C. 2016. “Markers in Space and Time: Reflections on the Nature of Place Names as Events in the Inuit Approach to the Territory.” In Marking the Land: Hunter-Gatherer Creation of Meaning within their Surroundings, edited by R. Whallon and W. Lovis, 76–88. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Aporta, C., B. Bishop, O. Choi, and W. Wang. 2020. “Knowledge and Data: An Exploration of the Use of Inuit Knowledge in Decision Support Systems in Marine Management.” In Governance of Arctic Shipping: Rethinking Risk, Human Impacts and Regulation, edited by A. Chircop, F. Goerlandt, C. Aporta, and R. Pelot, 151–169. Springer Polar Sciences. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Baikie, S. 2019 Interview. 14 June. Rigolet, Nunatsiavut.
   Google Scholar
• Bates, M. J. 2005. “Information and Knowledge: An Evolutionary Framework for Information Science.” Information Research 10 (4): 1033–1045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop. 2020. “Respecting Ontology: Documenting Inuit Knowledge of Coastal Oceanography in Nunatsiavut.” Masters project, Dalhousie University.
   Google Scholar
• Bobbitt, J., and S. A. Akenhead. 1982. Influence of Controlled Discharge from the Churchill River on the Oceanography of Groswater Bay, Labrador. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences; No. 1097. St. John's, Nfld.: Research and Resource Services, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Bocking, S. 2011. “Indigenous Knowledge and the History of Science in Northern Canada.” In Rethinking the Great White North: Race, Nature, and the Historical Geographies of Whiteness in Canada, edited by A. Baldwin, L. Cameron, and A. Kobayashi, 39–61. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brice-Bennett, C. and LIA (Labrador Inuit Association). 1976. Our Footprints Are Everywhere: Inuit Land Use and Occupancy in Labrador. Nain, Nfld: Labrador Inuit Association.
   Google Scholar
• Bush, E., and D. S. Lemmen, eds. 2019. Canada’s Changing Climate Report. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat. 2021. “Biophysical and Ecological Overview of a Study Area within the Labrador Inuit Settlement Area Zone.” Science Advisory Report 2021/003. Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, W. C., T. P. Tomich, M. van Noordwijk, D. Guston, D. Catacutan, N. M. Dickson, and E. McNie. 2016. “Boundary Work for Sustainable Development: Natural Resource Management at the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (17): 4615–4622. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900231108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colbourne, E., J. Holden, D. Senciall, W. Bailey, J. Craig, and S. Snook. 2015. “Physical oceanographic properties on the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelf during 2014.” Fisheries and Oceans Canada Canadian Science Advisory Secretariate Research Document 37: 1–42.
   Google Scholar
• Cunsolo Willox, A., S. L. Harper, J. D. Ford, K. Landman, K. Houle, and V. L. Edge. 2012. “‘From This Place and of This Place:’ Climate Change, Sense of Place, and Health in Nunatsiavut, Canada.” Social Science & Medicine 75 (3): 538–547. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutts, B. B., D. D. White, and A. P. Kinzig. 2011. “Participatory Geographic Information Systems for the Co-Production of Science and Policy in an Emerging Boundary Organization.” Environmental Science & Policy 14 (8): 977–985. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2011.05.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, M. 2006. “Ch. 8 Bridging the Gap or Crossing a Bridge?” In Bridging scales and Knowledge Systems Concepts and Applications in Ecosystem Assessment, 19, edited by W. V. Reid, F. Berkes, T. Wilbanks, and D. Capistrano, 145–163. Washington, DC: Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Demirov, E., and B. deYoung. 2016. “Chapter 2. Physical Lake Processes.” In Lake Melville: avativut Kanuittailinnivut (Our Environment, Our Health) Scientific Report, edited by A. Durkalec, T. Sheldon, and T. Bell, 13–20. Nain, NL: Nunatsiavut Government.
   Google Scholar
• Engler, N. J., T. Scassa, and D. R. F. Taylor. 2013. “Mapping Traditional Knowledge: Digital Cartography in the Canadian North.” Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 48 (3): 189–199. doi:https://doi.org/10.3138/carto.48.3.1685.
   Google Scholar
• Ford, J. D., K. C. Bolton, J. Shirley, T. Pearce, M. Tremblay, and M. Westlake. 2012. “Research on the Human Dimensions of Climate Change in Nunavut, Nunavik, and Nunatsiavut: A Literature Review and Gap Analysis.” ARCTIC 65 (3): 289–304. doi:https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, M. 1976. Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project: Report. Ottawa: Department of Indian and Northern Affairs.
   Google Scholar
• García Canclini, Néstor. 1995. Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Leaving Modernity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gieryn, T. F. 1983. “Boundary-Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science: Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists.” American Sociological Review 48 (6): 781–795. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2095325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of Canada. 2019. “Latest Ice Conditions.” Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/ice-forecasts-observations/latest-conditions.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hewitt, S. M. 2019. “Data, Information, and Knowledge.” Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 67 (4): 227–228. doi:https://doi.org/10.1369/0022155419836995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunke, E. C., W. H. Lipscomb, A. K. Turner, N. Jeffery, and S. Elliott. 2008. “CICE: The Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Documentation and Software, Version 4.0.” Los Alamos National Laboratory Tech. Rep. LA-CC-06-012.
   Google Scholar
• ITK (Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami). 2018. National Inuit Strategy on Research. Ottawa, ON, Canada: Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami.
   Google Scholar
• Jasanoff, S. 1990. The Fifth Branch: Science Advisers as Policymakers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Laidler, G. J., and P. Elee. 2008. “Human Geographies of Sea Ice: Freeze/thaw processes around Cape Dorset, Nunavut, Canada.” Polar Record 44 (1): 51–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247407007061.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C. P. 2007. “Boundary Negotiating Artifacts: Unbinding the Routine of Boundary Objects and Embracing Chaos in Collaborative Work.” Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 16 (3): 307–339. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-007-9044-5.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, Z., B. De Young, and S. Banton. 2014. Analysis of Physical Oceanographic Data from Lake Melville, Labrador, September 2012–July 2013. St. Johns, Newfoundland: Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland.
   Google Scholar
• MacMynowski, D. P. 2007. “Pausing at the Brink of Interdisciplinarity: Power and Knowledge at the Meeting of Social and Biophysical Science.” Ecology and Society 12 (1): 20. doi:https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02009-120120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason-Deese, L. 2020. “Countermapping.” In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 423–432. Elsevier. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10527-X.
   Google Scholar
• Mercier, O. R., N. Stevens, and A. Toia. 2012. “Mātauranga Māori and the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy: A Conversation on Interfacing Knowledge Systems.” Mai Journal 1 (2): 103–116.
   Google Scholar
• Nader, L. 1996. Naked Science: Anthropological Inquiry into Boundaries, Power, and Knowledge. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Nel, J. L., D. J. Roux, A. Driver, L. Hill, A. C. Maherry, K. Snaddon, C. R. Petersen, et al. 2016. “Knowledge Co-Production and Boundary Work to Promote Implementation of Conservation Plans: Conservation Planning for Implementation.” Conservation Biology 30 (1): 176–188. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noble, M. M., D. Harasti, C. J. Fulton, and B. Doran. 2020. “Identifying Spatial Conservation Priorities Using Traditional and Local Ecological Knowledge of Iconic Marine Species and Ecosystem Threats.” Biological Conservation 249 (September): 108709. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108709.
   Google Scholar
• Offen, K., and R. Rundstrom. 2015. “Indigenous Peoples and Western Cartography.” In The History of Cartography, Volume 6 Cartography in the Twentieth Century, 640–644, edited by M. Monmonier. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Puniwai, N., S. Gray, C. A. Lepczyk, A. Kapono, and C. Severance. 2016. “Mapping Ocean Currents Through Human Observations: Insights from Hilo Bay, Hawai’i.” Human Ecology 44 (3): 365–374. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-016-9822-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, C. J., K. Maclean, R. Hill, E. Bock, and P. Rist. 2016. “Participatory Mapping to Negotiate Indigenous Knowledge Used to Assess Environmental Risk.” Sustainability Science 11 (1): 115–126. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-015-0292-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, C. J., and T. J. Wallington. 2012. “Boundary Work: Engaging Knowledge Systems in Co-Management of Feral Animals on Indigenous Lands.” Ecology and Society 17 (2): 16. doi:https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-04836-170216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowley, J. 2007. “The wisdom hierarchy: representations of the DIKW hierarchy.” Journal of Information Science 33 (2): 163–180. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551506070706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shchepetkin, A. F., and J. C. McWilliams. 2005. “The Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS): A Split-Explicit, Free-Surface, Topography-Following-Coordinate Oceanic Model.” Ocean Modelling 9 (4): 347–404. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiwak, H. 2019. Interview.14 June. Rigolet, Nunatsiavut.
   Google Scholar
• Shiwak, B. 2019. Interview.14 June.Rigolet, Nunatsiavut.
   Google Scholar
• Star, S. L. 2010. “This Is Not a Boundary Object: Reflections on the Origin of a Concept.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 35 (5): 601–617. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243910377624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Star, S. L., and J. R. Griesemer. 1989. “Institutional Ecology, ‘Translations’ and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39.” Social Studies of Science 19 (3): 387–420. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/030631289019003001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. 2011. “Sea Ice Trends in Canada.” EnviroStats Service Bulletin: Winter 16-002-X: 3–13.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. 2017a. “Rigolet, T [Census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]. Census Profile.” 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. 2017b. “Hopedale, T [Census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]. Census Profile.” 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Tesar, C., E. Dahl, and C. Aporta. 2019. “Picturing Pikialasorsuaq: Ethics and Effectiveness of Representing Inuit Knowledge in an Online Atlas.” The Journal of Ocean Technology 14 (1): 12–22.
   Google Scholar
• Tobias, Terry N. 2009. Living Proof: The Essential Data-Collection Guide for Indigenous Use-And-Occupancy Map Surveys. Vancouver: Union of BC Indian Chiefs.
   Google Scholar
• Vincent, A. 2019. Interview.19 June.Hopedale, Nunatsiavut.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, D., J. Fels, and J. Krygier. 2010. Rethinking the Power of Maps. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zurba, M., and F. Berkes. 2014. “Caring for Country Through Participatory Art: Creating a Boundary Object for Communicating Indigenous Knowledge and Values.” Local Environment 19 (8): 821–836. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2013.792051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zurba, M., K. Maclean, E. Woodward, and D. Islam. 2019. “Amplifying Indigenous Community Participation in Place-Based Research through Boundary Work.” Progress in Human Geography 43 (6): 1020–1043. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132518807758.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar