Practices, Perceptions, and Concerns of Primary Care Physicians About Opioid Dependence Associated with the Treatment of Chronic Pain

REFERENCES

• Martell , B A , O’Connor , P G Kerns , R D . 16 2007 . Systematic review: opioid treatment for chronic back pain: prevalence, efficacy, and association with addiction . Ann Intern Med. , 146 : 116 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatchel , R J and Okifuli , A . 2006 . Evidence-based scientific data documenting treatment and cost-effectiveness of comprehensive pain programs for chronic non-malignant pain . J Pain. , 7 : 779 – 783 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballantyne , J C and Shin , N S . 2008 . Efficacy of opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence . Clin J Pain. , 24 : 469 – 478 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covington , E C and Kotz , M M . 2009 . “ Psychological issues to the management of pain. In: Ries RK, Fiellin DA, Miller SC, Saitz R, eds ” . In Principles of Addiction Medicine , 4th ed , 1297 – 1316 . Philadelphia , PA : Lipponcott Williams & WIlkins .
   Google Scholar
• Savage , S R . 1996 . Long-term opioid therapy: assessment of consequences and risks . J Pain Symptom Manage , 11 : 274 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parran , T Jr . 1997 . Prescription drug abuse. A question of balance . Med Clin North Am. , 81 : 967 – 978 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher , R M and Rosenthal , L J . 2008 . Chronic pain and opiates: balancing pain control and risks in long-term opioid treatment . Arch Phys Med Rehabil. , 89 : S77 – S82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manchikanti , L , Brown , K R and Singh , V . 2002 . National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Act (NASPER): balancing substance abuse and medical necessity . Pain Physician. , 5 : 294 – 319 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cypress , B K . 1983 . Characteristics of physician visits for back symptoms: a national perspective . Am J Public Health. , 73 : 389 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Tulder , M , Koes , B , Metsemakers , J and Bouter , L . 1998 . Chronic low back pain in primary care: a prospective study on the management and course . Fam Pract. , 15 : 126 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid , M C , Engles-Horton , L L Weber , M B . 2002 . Use of opioid medications for chronic noncancer pain syndromes in primary care . J Gen Inten Med. , 17 : 173 – 179 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey , G M , Dodds , H N , Roberts , C S , Servoss , T J and Blondell , R D . 2005 . Toxicology screening in orthopedic trauma patients predicting duration of prescription opioid use . J Addict Dis. , 24 : 31 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Commission on the Evaluation of Pain . 1987 . Report of the Commision on the Evaluation of Pain, Appendix C: Summary of the National Study of Chornic Pain Sundrome , Washington, DC : Social Security Administration, Office of Disability .
   Google Scholar
• Green , C R , Wheeler , J R , Marchant , B , LaPorte , F and Guerrero , E . 2001 . Analysis of the physician variable in pain management . Pain Med. , 2 : 317 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Librach , S L . 1993 . Managing chronic pain in family practice . Can Fam Physician. , 39 : 539 – 544 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponte , C D and Johnson-Tribino , J . 2005 . Attitudes and knowledge about pain: an assessment of West Virginia family physicians . Fam Med. , 37 : 477 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter , M , Schafer , S Gonzalez-Mendez , E . 2001 . Opioids for chronic nonmalignant pain. Attitudes and practices of primary care physicians in the UCSF/Stanford Collaborative Research Network. University of California, San Francisco . J Fam Pract. , 50 : 145 – 151 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upshur , C C , Luckmann , R S and Savageau , J A . 2006 . Primary care provider concerns about management of chronic pain in community clinic populations . J Gen Intern Med. , 21 : 652 – 655 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulin , D E , Clark , A J , Speechley , M and Morley-Forster , P K . 2002 . Chronic pain in Canada—prevalence, treatment, impact and the role of opioid analgesia . Pain Res Manag. , 7 : 179 – 184 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olsen , Y and Daumit , G L . 2004 . Opioid prescribing for chronic nonmalignant pain in primary care: challenges and solutions . Adv Psychosom Med. , 25 : 138 – 150 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bendtsen , P , Hensing , G , Ebeling , C and Schedin , A . 1999 . What are the qualities of dilemmas experienced when prescribing opioids in general practice? . Pain. , 82 : 89 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow , N D and McLellan , T A . 2011 . Curtailing diversion and abuse of opioid analgesics without jeopardizing pain treatment . JAMA , 305 : 1346 – 1347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan , T A and Turner , B . 2008 . Prescription opioids, oversdose deaths, and physician responsibility . JAMA , 300 : 2672 – 2673 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohnert , A SB , Valenstein , M Bair , M J . 2011 . Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related death . JAMA , 305 : 1315 – 1321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow , N D , McLellan , T A , Cott , J H , Karithanom , M and Weiss , S RB . 2009 . Characteristics of opioid prescriptions in 2009 . JAMA , 305 : 1299 – 1301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veterans Health Administration . 2003 . “ VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for the management of opioid therapy for chronic pain ” . Available at: http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=4812&nbr=003474&string=chronic+AND+pain. Accessed November 28, 2007
   Google Scholar