Substance use among persons with homeless experience in primary care

References

• O'Connell JJ, Oppenheimer SC, Judge CM, et al. The Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program: a public health framework. Am J Public Health. 2010;100:1400–1408. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.173609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Toole TP, Pirraglia PA, Dosa D, et al. Building care systems to improve access for high-risk and vulnerable veteran populations. J Gen Intern Med. 2011;26(Suppl 2):683–688. doi: 10.1007/s11606-011-1818-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai J, Rosenheck RA, Culhane DP, Artiga S. Medicaid expansion: chronically homeless adults will need targeted enrollment and access to a broad range of services. Health Aff. 2013;32:1552–1559. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Toole TP, Pape L, Kane V. Ending homelessness-then what? Am J Public Health. 2013;103(Suppl 2):S185–S187. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301730.
   Google Scholar
• Palepu A, Gadermann A, Hubley AM, et al. Substance use and access to health care and addiction treatment among homeless and vulnerably housed persons in three Canadian cities. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e75133. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caton CLM, Dominguez B, Schanzer B, et al. Risk factors for long-term homelessness: findings from a longitudinal study of first-time homeless single adults. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:1753–1759. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.063321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Toole TP, Gibbon JL, Hanusa BH, Freyder PJ, Conde AM, Fine MJ. Self-reported changes in drug and alcohol use after becoming homeless. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:830–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North CS, Eyrich KM, Pollio DE, Spitznagel EL. Are rates of psychiatric disorders in the homeless population changing? Am J Public Health. 2004;94:103–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breakey WR, Fischer P, Kramer M, et al. Health and mental health problems of homeless men and women in Baltimore. JAMA. 1989;262:1352–1357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt MR, Aron LY, Douglas T, Valente J, Lee E, Iwen B. Homelessness: Programs and the People They Serve. Technical Report of Findings of the National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients. Washington, DC: Urban Institute; 1999. http://www.urban.org/publications/310291.html.
   Google Scholar
• Baggett TP, Hwang SW, O'Connell JJ, et al. Mortality among homeless adults in Boston: shifts in causes of death over a 15-year period. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:189–195. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggett TP, Chang Y, Singer DE, et al. Tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-attributable deaths and their contribution to mortality disparities in a cohort of homeless adults in Boston. Am J Public Health. 2015;105:1189–1197. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health Care for the Homeless Council. The Health Care for the Homeless Program fact sheet. http://www.nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/hch-fact-sheet-2013.pdf. Published 2013. Accessed November 7, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Veterans Affairs. Homeless Patient Aligned Care Teams (H-PACT). http://www.endveteranhomelessness.org/programs/homeless-pact. Published 2015. Accessed October 27, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Health Resources and Services Administration Bureau of Primary Health Care. Program requirements. http://www.bphc.hrsa.gov/programrequirements/index.html. Accessed November 15, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Health Centers, 42 US Code §254b (2011). http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?edition=prelim&req=42+usc+254b&f=treesort&fq=true&num=20&hl=true. Accessed November 8, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Lebrun-Harris LA, Baggett TP, Jenkins DM, et al. Health status and health care experiences among homeless patients in federally supported health centers: findings from the 2009 patient survey. Health Serv Res. 2013;48:992–1017. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharel M, Lin W-C, Zhang J, et al. Health care utilization patterns of homeless individuals in Boston: preparing for Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(Suppl):S311–S317. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301421.
   Google Scholar
• National Health Care for the Homeless Council. Substance use disorder. https://www.nhchc.org/resources/clinical/diseases-and-conditions/substance-use-disorder/. Accessed November 15, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Kertesz SG, Khodneva Y, Richman J, et al. Trajectories of drug use and mortality outcomes among adults followed over 18 years. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27:808–816. doi: 10.1007/s11606-011-1975-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertens JR, Weisner C, Ray GT, Fireman B, Walsh K. Hazardous drinkers and drug users in HMO primary care: prevalence, medical conditions, and costs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005;29:989–998. doi: 10.1097/01.ALC.0000167958.68586.3D.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kertesz SG, Larson MJ, Horton NJ, Winter M, Saitz R, Samet JH. Homeless chronicity and health-related quality of life trajectories among adults with addictions. Med Care. 2005;43:574–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkiewitz K, Marlatt GA. Relapse prevention for alcohol and drug problems: that was Zen, this is Tao. Am Psychol. 2004;59:224–235. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.4.224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedmann PD, Saitz R, Samet JH. Management of adults recovering from alcohol or other drug problems: relapse prevention in primary care. JAMA. 1998;279:1227–1231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin J, LaGory M, Ritchey F, Fitzpatrick K. Social assets and mental distress among the homeless: exploring the roles of social support and other forms of social capital on depression. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67:1935–1943. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutra L, Stathopoulou G, Basden SL, Leyro TM, Powers MB, Otto MW. A meta-analytic review of psychosocial interventions for substance use disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:179–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato L, Davoli M, Vecchi S, et al. Cochrane systematic reviews in the field of addiction: what's there and what should be. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;113:96–103. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.08.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner SJ, Kelly B, Ashley N, et al. Content coding for contextualization of care: evaluating physician performance at patient-centered decision making. Med Decis Mak. 2014;34:97–106. doi: 10.1177/0272989×13493146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kertesz SG, Holt CL, Steward JL, et al. Comparing homeless persons' care experiences in tailored versus nontailored primary care programs. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(Suppl 2):S331–S339. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301481.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kertesz SG, Pollio DE, Jones RN, et al. Development of the primary care quality-homeless (PCQ-H) instrument: a practical survey of homeless patients' experiences in primary care. Med Care. 2014;52:734–742. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. The ASSIST project: Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/activities/assist/en/. Published 2014. Accessed November 20, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Humeniuk RE, Henry-Edwards S, Ali RL, Poznyak V, Monteiro M. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): Manual for Use in Primary Care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02114.x.
   Google Scholar
• Humeniuk RE, Ali R, Babor TF, et al. Validation of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Addiction. 2008;103:1039–1047. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02114.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humeniuk RE, Ali R. Validation of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and Pilot Brief Intervention: A Technical Report of Phase II Findings of the WHO ASSIST Project. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Lin N, Dean A, Ensel W. Social Support, Life Events, and Depression. New York: Academic Press; 1986.
   Google Scholar
• 108th Congress. H.R. 2673: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 108th Congress, 2003. http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/108/hr2673. Accessed November 14, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• 111th Congress. Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act of 2009, 111th Congress, 2009. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ22/html/PLAW-111publ22.htm. Accessed November 14, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Saitz R, Gaeta J, Cheng DM, Richardson JM, Larson MJ, Samet JH. Risk of mortality during four years after substance detoxification in urban adults. J Urban Health. 2007;84:272–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boothroyd RA, Chen HJ. The psychometric properties of the Colorado Symptom Index. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2008;35:370–378. doi: 10.1007/s10488-008-0179-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad KJ, Yagelka JR, Matters MD, Rich AR, Williams V, Buchanan M. Reliability and validity of a modified Colorado Symptom Index in a national homeless sample. Ment Health Serv Res. 2001;3:141–153.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shern DL, Wilson NZ, Coen AS, et al. Client outcomes II: longitudinal client data from the Colorado Treatment Outcome Study. Milbank Q. 1994;72:123–148. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8164605. Accessed January 24, 2014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snijders T, Bosker R. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Saha TD, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(8):757. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Saha TD, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 drug use disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73(1):39–57. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compton WM, Thomas YF, Stinson FS, Grant BF. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:566–576. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Ogburn E, Grant BF. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:830–842. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslau J, Kendler KS, Su M, Gaxiloa-Aguilar S, Kessler RC. Lifetime risk and persistence of psychiatric disorders across ethnic groups in the United States. Psychol Med. 2005;35:317–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Quintero C, Hasin DS, de los Cobos JP, et al. Probability and predictors of remission from lifetime nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, or cocaine dependence: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Addiction. 2011;106:657–669. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03194.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zapolski TCB, Pedersen SL, McCarthy DM, Smith GT. Less drinking, yet more problems: understanding African American drinking and related problems. Psychol Bull. 2014;140:188–223. doi: 10.1037/a0032113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazel PS, Geddes JR, Kushel M. The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations. Lancet. 2014;384:1529–1540. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61132-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson DA, Goldstein RB, Grant BF. Rates and correlates of relapse among individuals in remission from DSM-IV alcohol dependence: a 3-year follow-up. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007;31:2036–2045. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00536.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertens JR, Kline-Simon AH, Delucchi KL, Moore C, Weisner CM. Ten-year stability of remission in private alcohol and drug outpatient treatment: non-problem users versus abstainers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;125:67–74. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducharme LJ, Chandler RK, Harris AHS. Implementing effective substance abuse treatments in general medical settings: mapping the research terrain. J Subst Abuse 2016;60:110–118. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2015.06.020.
   Google Scholar
• Polen MR, Whitlock EP, Wisdom JP, Nygren P, Bougatsos C. Screening in Primary Care Settings for Illicit Drug Use: Staged Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Evidence Synthesis No. 58, Part 1. Prepared by the Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center under contract no. 290-02-0024. Rockville, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Saitz R, Palfai TPA, Cheng DM, et al. Screening and brief intervention for drug use in primary care. JAMA. 2014;312:502–513. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.7862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy-Byrne P, Bumgardner K, Krupski A, et al. Brief intervention for problem drug use in safety-net primary care settings. JAMA. 2014;312:492–501. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.7860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young MM, Stevens A, Porath-Waller A, et al. Effectiveness of brief interventions as part of the screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) model for reducing the non-medical use of psychoactive substances: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev. 2014;3(50):1–18. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-1-22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Upshur C, Weinreb L, Bharel M, Reed G, Frisard C. A randomized control trial of a chronic care intervention for homeless women with alcohol use problems. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014;51:19–29. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2014.11.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelberg L, Andersen RM, Afifi AA, et al. Project QUIT (Quit Using Drugs Intervention Trial): a randomized controlled trial of a primary care-based multi-component brief intervention to reduce risky drug use. Addiction. 2015;110:1777–1190. doi: 10.1111/add.12993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon AJ, Haibach J. Screening and intervening on alcohol and other drug use in general wellness programs: challenges and opportunities. Subst Abus. 2015;36:255–256. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2015.1073975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner SJ, Schartz A, Weaver F, et al. Contextual errors and failures in individualizing patient care. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:69–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner SJ. Contextualizing medical decisions to individualize care. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:281–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohnert ASB. Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths. JAMA. 2011;305:1315. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saitz R. Commentary on Gelberg et al. 2015: Alcohol and other drug screening and brief intervention—evidence in crisis. Addiction. 2015;110:1791–1793. doi: 10.1111/add.13054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saitz R. Screening and brief intervention for unhealthy drug use: little or no efficacy. Front Psychiatry. 2014;5: article ID 121. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00121.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedmann PD, Mello D, Lonergan S, Bourgault C, O'Toole TP. Aversion to injection limits acceptability of extended-release naltrexone among homeless, alcohol-dependent patients. Subst Abus. 2013;34:94–96. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2012.763083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins SE, Duncan MH, Smart BF, et al. Extended-release naltrexone and harm reduction counseling for chronically homeless people with alcohol dependence. Subst Abus. 2015;36:21–33. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2014.904838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsemberis S, Kent D, Respress C. Housing stability and recovery among chronically homeless persons with co-occuring disorders in Washington, DC. Am J Public Health. 2012;102:13–16. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrell AV, Kapsak KA, Cisin IH, Wirtz PW. The Validity of Self-reported Drug Use Data: The Accuracy of Responses on Confidential Self-administered Answer Sheets. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Nyamathi A, Leake BD, Longshore D, Gelberg L. Reliability of homeless women's reports: concordance between hair assay and self report of cocaine use. Nurs Res. 2001;50:165–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress: Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness. Washington, DC: United States Department of Housing and Urban Development; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Tsai J, Mares AS, Rosenheck RA. Do homeless veterans have the same needs and outcomes as non-veterans? Mil Med. 2012;177:27–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar