The willingness of people who inject drugs in Boston to use a supervised injection facility

References

• Rudd RA, Aleshire N, Zibbell JE, Gladden RM. Increases in drug and opioid overdose deaths—United States, 2000–2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;64:1378–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Health MDoP. Data Brief: Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths Among Massachusetts Residents. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Boston Public Health Commission Report, 2014–2015. In Substance Abuse: 265–278.
   Google Scholar
• Baggett TP, Hwang SW, O'Connell JJ, et al. Mortality among homeless adults in Boston: shifts in causes of death over a 15-year period. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:189–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer LK, Brody JK, Leon C, Baggett TP. Characteristics of homeless adults who died of drug overdose: a retrospective record review. J Health Care Poor Underserv. 2016;27:846–859.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walley AY, Xuan Z, Hackman HH, et al. Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaeta JM, Bock B, Takach M. Providing a safe space and medical monitoring to prevent overdose deaths. Innovations in Care Delivery. http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/08/31/providing-a-safe-space-and-medical-monitoring-to-prevent-overdose-deaths/. Published 2016. Accessed November 15, 2016, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Jozaghi E, Vancouver Area Drug Users Network. Exploring the role of an unsanctioned, supervised peer driven injection facility in reducing HIV and hepatitis C infections in people that require assistance during injection. Health Justice. 2015;3:16.
   Google Scholar
• McNeil R, Small W, Lampkin H, Shannon K, Kerr T. “People knew they could come here to get help”: an ethnographic study of assisted injection practices at a peer-run ‘unsanctioned’ supervised drug consumption room in a Canadian setting. AIDS Behav. 2014;18:473–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jozaghi E. A cost-benefit/cost-effectiveness analysis of an unsanctioned supervised smoking facility in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, Canada. Harm Reduct J. 2014;11:30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semaan S, Fleming P, Worrell C, Stolp H, Baack B, Miller M. Potential role of safer injection facilities in reducing HIV and hepatitis C infections and overdose mortality in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;118:100–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedrich D, Kerr T, Dubois-Arber F. Drug consumption facilities in Europe and beyond. In: Rhodes T, ed. Harm Reduction: Evidence, Impacts and Challenges. Luxembourg: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall BD, Milloy MJ, Wood E, Montaner JS, Kerr T. Reduction in overdose mortality after the opening of North America's first medically supervised safer injecting facility: a retrospective population-based study. Lancet. 2011;377:1429–1437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood E, Kerr T, Small W, et al. Changes in public order after the opening of a medically supervised safer injecting facility for illicit injection drug users. Can Med Assoc J. 2004;171(7):731–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood E, Tyndall MW, Lai C, Montaner JS, Kerr T. Impact of a medically supervised safer injecting facility on drug dealing and other drug-related crime. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2006;1:13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrar S, Kerr T, Tyndall MW, Zhang R, Montaner JS, Wood E. Injection drug users' perceptions regarding use of a medically supervised safer injecting facility. Addict Behav. 2007;32:1088–1093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBeck K, Kerr T, Bird L, et al. Injection drug use cessation and use of North America's first medically supervised safer injecting facility. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;113:172–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd-Smith E, Wood E, Zhang R, et al. Determinants of hospitalization for a cutaneous injection-related infection among injection drug users: a cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andresen MA, Boyd N. A cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of Vancouver's supervised injection facility. Int J Policy. 2010;21:70–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enns EA, Zaric GS, Strike CJ, Jairam JA, Kolla G, Bayoumi AM. Potential cost-effectiveness of supervised injection facilities in Toronto and Ottawa, Canada. Addiction. 2016;111:475–489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jozaghi E, Reid AA, Andresen MA. A cost-benefit/cost-effectiveness analysis of proposed supervised injection facilities in Montreal, Canada. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2013;8:25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkerton SD. Is Vancouver Canada's supervised injection facility cost-saving? Addiction. 2010;105:1429–1436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andresen MA, Jozaghi, E. The point of diminishing returns: an examination of expanding Vancouver's Insite. Urban Stud. 2012;49:3531–3544.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin A, Jozaghi E, Bluthenthal RN, Kral AH. A cost-benefit analysis of a potential supervised injection facility in San Francisco California, USA. J Drug Issues. 2017;47:164–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin A, Jozaghi E, Weir BW, Allen ST, Lindsay A, Sherman SG. Mitigating the heroin crisis in Baltimore, MD, USA: a cost-benefit analysis of a hypothetical supervised injection facility. Harm Reduct J. 2017;14:29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt N, Lloyd C, Kimber J, Tompkins C. Public injecting and willingness to use a drug consumption room among needle exchange programme attendees in the UK. Int J Policy. 2007;18:62–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry CL. Injecting drug user attitudes towards rules for supervised injecting rooms: implications for uptake. Int J Policy. 2002;13:471–476.
   Google Scholar
• Wood E, Kerr T, Spittal PM, et al. The potential public health and community impacts of safer injecting facilities: evidence from a cohort of injection drug users. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;32:2–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kral AH, Wenger L, Carpenter L, Wood E, Kerr T, Bourgois P. Acceptability of a safer injection facility among injection drug users in San Francisco. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010;110:160–163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman S, Engelman A, Koziol J, Mahoney L, Maxwell C, McKenzie M. R I Med J (2013). 2014 Oct 1;97(10):34–7.
   Google Scholar
• Bouvier BA, Elston B, Hadland SE, Green TC, Marshall BD. Willingness to use a supervised injection facility among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically: a cross-sectional study. Harm Reduct J. 2017;14:13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boston Public Health Commission. Services for active users (AHOPE). http://www.bphc.org/whatwedo/Addiction-Services/services-for-active-users/Pages/Services-for-Active-Users-AHOPE.aspx. Published 2016. Accessed November 2, 2016, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Small W, Ainsworth L, Wood E, Kerr T. IDU perspectives on the design and operation of North America's first medically supervised injection facility. Subst Use Misuse. 2011;46:561–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green TC, Hankins CA, Palmer D, Boivin JF, Platt R. My place, your place, or a safer place: the intention among Montreal injecting drug users to use supervised injecting facilities. Can J Public Health. 2004;95:110–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darke S, Ross J, Hall W. Overdose among heroin users in Sydney, Australia: I. Prevalence and correlates of non-fatal overdose. Addiction. 1996;91:405–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffin PO, Galea S, Ahern J, Leon AC, Vlahov D, Tardiff K. Opiates, cocaine and alcohol combinations in accidental drug overdose deaths in New York City, 1990–98. Addiction. 2003;98:739–747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker CD, Polito KE, Sudders M, Bharel M. An Assessment of Opioid-Related Dealths in Massachusetts (2013–2014). Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston: Executive Office of Health and Human Services, Department of Public Health; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Caudarella A, Dong H, Milloy MJ, Kerr T, Wood E, Hayashi K. Non-fatal overdose as a risk factor for subsequent fatal overdose among people who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;162:51–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonar EE, Bohnert AS. Perceived severity of and susceptibility to overdose among injection drug users: relationships with overdose history. Subst Use Misuse. 2016;51:1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggett TP, Chang Y, Singer DE, et al. Tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-attributable deaths and their contribution to mortality disparities in a cohort of homeless adults in Boston. Am J Public Health. 2014;105(6):1189–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darke S, Kaye S, Ross J. Geographical injecting locations among injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia. Addiction. 2001;96:241–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klee H, Morris J. Factors that characterize street injectors. Addiction. 1995;90:837–841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latkin C, Mandell W, Oziemkowska M, Vlahov D, Celentano D. The relationships between sexual behavior, alcohol use, and personal network characteristics among injecting drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Sex Transm Dis. 1994;21:161–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyndall MW, Kerr T, Zhang R, King E, Montaner JG, Wood E. Attendance, drug use patterns, and referrals made from North America's first supervised injection facility. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;83:193–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar