115
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Substance use is independently associated with pneumonia severity in persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

, MD, MSc & , MDORCID Icon

References

  • Feikin DR, Feldman C, Schuchat A, Janoff EN. Global strategies to prevent bacterial pneumonia in adults with HIV disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4(7):445–455.
  • Kohli R, Lo Y, Homel P, et al. Bacterial pneumonia, HIV therapy, and disease progression among HIV-infected women in the HIV epidemiologic research (HER) study. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(1):90–98.
  • Lamas CC, Coelho LE, Grinsztejn BJ, Veloso VG. Community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: predictors in a contemporary cohort study. Infection. 2017;45(6):801–809.
  • Alcohol Use FastStats. 2015; https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/alcohol.htm.
  • Trends and Statistics. 2017; https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics.
  • Injection Drug Use and HIV Risk. 2018; https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/idu.html.
  • Goss CH, Rubenfeld GD, Park DR, Sherbin VL, Goodman MS, Root RK. Cost and incidence of social comorbidities in low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to a public hospital. Chest. 2003;124(6):2148–2155.
  • Park DR, Sherbin VL, Goodman MS, et al. The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia at an urban public hospital: influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and initial severity of illness. J Infect Dis. 2001;184(3):268–277.
  • Baum MK, Rafie C, Lai S, Sales S, Page JB, Campa A. Alcohol use accelerates HIV disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2010;26(5):511–518.
  • Dash S, Balasubramaniam M, Villalta F, Dash C, Pandhare J. Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:1111.
  • Kalichman SC, Grebler T, Amaral CM, et al. Viral suppression and antiretroviral medication adherence among alcohol using HIV-positive adults. Intj Behav Med. 2014;21(5):811–820.
  • Swepson C, Ranjan A, Balasubramaniam M, Pandhare J, Dash C. Cocaine enhances HIV-1 transcription in macrophages by inducing p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:823.
  • Jolley SE, Alkhafaf Q, Hough C, Welsh DA. Presence of an alcohol use disorder is associated with greater pneumonia severity in hospitalized HIV-infected patients. Lung. 2016;194(5):755–762.
  • Hadjizacharia P, Green DJ, Plurad D, et al. Cocaine use in trauma: effect on injuries and outcomes. J Trauma. 2009;66(2):491–494.
  • Grant RW, Charlebois ED, Wachter RM. Risk factors for early hospital readmission in patients with AIDS and pneumonia. J Gen Intern Med. 1999;14(9):531–536.
  • Manuzak JA, Gott TM, Kirkwood JS, et al. Heavy cannabis use associated with reduction in activated and inflammatory immune cell frequencies in antiretroviral therapy-treated human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(12):1872–1882.
  • Rootman DB, Mustard R, Kalia V, Ahmed N. Increased incidence of complications in trauma patients cointoxicated with alcohol and other drugs. J Trauma. 2007;62(3):755–758.
  • Strauss SM, Rindskopf DM. Screening patients in busy hospital-based HIV care centers for hazardous and harmful drinking patterns: the identification of an optimal screening tool. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic). 2009;8(6):347–353.
  • Johnson JA, Lee A, Vinson D, Seale JP. Use of AUDIT-based measures to identify unhealthy alcohol use and alcohol dependence in primary care: a validation study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013;37(Suppl 1):E253–E259.
  • Read JP, Haas AL, Radomski S, Wickham RE, Borish SE. Identification of hazardous drinking with the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire: relative operating characteristics as a function of gender. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(10):1276–1289.
  • Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(4):243–250.
  • Chew KW, Yen IH, Li JZ, Winston LG. Predictors of pneumonia severity in HIV-infected adults admitted to an Urban public hospital. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011;25(5):273–277.
  • Girardi E, Sabin CA, Monforte AD. Late diagnosis of HIV infection: epidemiological features, consequences and strategies to encourage earlier testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;46(Suppl 1):S3–S8.
  • Caiaffa WT, Vlahov D, Graham NM, et al. Drug smoking, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and immunosuppression increase risk of bacterial pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive injection drug users. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150(6):1493–1498.
  • Hirschtick RE, Glassroth J, Jordan MC, et al. Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(13):845–851.
  • Hernandez-Cervantes R, Mendez-Diaz M, Prospero-Garcia O, Morales-Montor J. Immunoregulatory role of cannabinoids during infectious disease. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2017;24(4-5):183–199.
  • Friedman H, Pross S, Klein TW. Addictive drugs and their relationship with infectious diseases. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2006;47(3):330–342.
  • Fei MW, Kim EJ, Sant CA, et al. Predicting mortality from HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia at illness presentation: an observational cohort study. Thorax. 2009;64(12):1070–1076.
  • Kader R, Govender R, Seedat S, Koch JR, Parry C. Understanding the impact of hazardous and harmful use of alcohol and/or other drugs on ARV adherence and disease progression. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0125088.
  • Matsuzaki M, Vu QM, Gwadz M, et al. Perceived access and barriers to care among illicit drug users and hazardous drinkers: findings from the Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain data harmonization initiative (STTR). BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):366.
  • Gearhart JG, Beebe DK, Milhorn HT, Meeks GR. Alcoholism in women. Am Fam Physician. 1991;44(3):907–913.
  • Gentilello LM, Rivara FP, Donovan DM, et al. Alcohol problems in women admitted to a level I trauma center: a gender-based comparison. J Trauma. 2000;48(1):108–114.
  • Kovacs EJ, Messingham KA. Influence of alcohol and gender on immune response. Alcohol Res Health. 2002;26(4):257–263.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.