Gene transfer in industrial Saccharomyces yeasts

References

• Barney , M.C. , Jansen , G.P. and Helbert , J.R. 1980 . Use of sphaeroplast fusion and genetic transformation to introduce dextrin utilization into Saccharomyces uvarum . Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. , 38 : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , A.J.P. , Goodey , A.R. and Tubb , R.S. 1981 . Interstrain transfer of the 2 μm DNA plasmid of Saccharomyces by cytoduction . J. Inst. Brew. , 87 : 234 – 238 .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , D.T. , Carle , G.F. and Olson , M.V. 1987 . Cloning of large segments of exogenous DNA into yeast by means of artificial chromosome vectors . Science , 236 : 806 – 812 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bussey , H. and Meaden , P. 1985 . Selection and stability of yeast transformants expressing cDNA of an Ml killer toxin‐immunity gene . Curr. Genet. , 9 : 285 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Bussey , H. , Vernet , T. and Sdicu , A.M. 1987 . Mutual antagonism among killer yeasts: competition between K1 and K2 killers and a novel cDNA‐based K1/K2 killer strain . Can. J. Microbiol. , (In Press)
   Google Scholar
• Butt , T.R. , Sternberg , E. , Herd , J. and Crooke , S.T. 1984 . Cloning and expression of a yeast copper metallothionein gene . Gene , 27 : 23 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey , G.P. 1986a . Molecular and genetic analysis of chromosomes X in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis . Carlsberg Res. Commun. , 51 : 343 – 362 .
   Google Scholar
• Casey , G.P. 1986b . Cloning and analysis of two alleles of the ILV3 gene from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis . Carlsbereg Res. Commun. , 51 : 327 – 341 .
   Google Scholar
• Casey , G.P. , Xiao , W. and Rank , G.H. 1988a . A convenient dominant selection marker for gene transfer in industrial strains of Saccharomyces yeast: SMR1 encoded resistance to the herbicide sulfometuron methyl . J. Inst. Brew. , 94 : 93 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey , G.P. , Xiao , W. and Rank , G.H. 1988b . Construction of α‐galactosidase positive strains of industrial bakers (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) yeasts . J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. , (In Press)
   Google Scholar
• Chu , G. , Vollrath , D. and Davis , R.N. 1986 . Separation of large DNA molecules by contour‐clamped homogeneous electric fields . Science , 234 : 1582 – 1585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J.D. , Eccleshall , T.R. , Needleman , R.B. , Federoff , H. , Buchferer , B.A. and Marmur , J. 1980 . Functional expression in yeast of the Escherichia coli plasmid gene coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 77 : 1078 – 1082 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conde , J. and Fink , G.R. 1976 . A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective for nuclear fusion . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 73 : 3651 – 3655 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emeis , C.C. 1961 . Polyploide Kulturhefen . Eur. Brew. Conv. Congr. Wien , : 205 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Ernst , J.F. and Chan , R.K. 1985 . Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants supersensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotics . J. Bacteriol. , 163 : 8 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Fagan , M.C. and Scott , J.F. 1985 . New vectors for construction of recombinant high‐copy‐number yeast acentric‐ring plasmids . Gene , 40 : 217 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falco , S.C. and Botstein , D. 1983 . A rapid chromosome mapping method for cloned segments of yeast DNA . Genetics , 105 : 577 – 584 .
   Google Scholar
• Falco , S.C. , Dumas , K.S. and Livak , K.J. 1985 . Nucleotide sequence of the ILV2 gene which encodes acetolactate synthase . Nucleic Acids Res. , 13 : 4011 – 4027 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falco , S.C. and Dumas , K.S. 1985 . Genetic analysis of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resistant to the herbicide sulfometuron methyl . Genetics , 109 : 21 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falco , S.C. Selectable markers for yeast transformation . US Patent 4,626,505 . 1986 .
   Google Scholar
• Firestone , R.A. , Pisano , J.M. , Garrity , G.M. , Fromtling , R.A. and Zimmerman , S.B. 1987 . Lysosomotropic agents. 7. Broad‐spectrum antifungal activity of lysosomotropic detergents . J. Med. Chem. , 30 : 1519 – 1521 .
   Google Scholar
• Fogel , F. and Welch , J.W. 1982 . Tandem gene amplification mediates copper resistance in yeast . Proc. Natl. Acad. Science USA , 79 : 5342 – 5346 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freid , H.F. and Warner , J.R. 1981 . Cloning of yeast gene for tricodermin resistance and ribosomal protein L3 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 78 : 238 – 242 .
   Google Scholar
• Fried , H.M. and Warner , J.R. 1982 . Molecular cloning and analysis of yeast gene for cycloheximide resistance and ribosomal protein. L29 . Nucl. Acids. Res. , 10 : 3133 – 3148 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gatignol , A. , Baron , M. and Tiraby , G. 1987 . Phleomycin resistance encoded by the ble gene transposon Tn5 as a dominant selectable marker in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Mol. Gen. Genet. , 207 : 342 – 348 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gendre , F. and Guerineau , M. 1986 . Construction of an E. coli shuttle vector with a doubly positive selection in order to transform industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Yeast , 2 : S127
   Google Scholar
• Gjermansen , C. and Sigsgaard , P. 1981 . Construction of a hybrid brewing strain of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis by mating of meiotic segregants . Carlsberg Res. Commun. , 46 : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Gritz , L. and Davies , J. 1983 . Plasmid‐encoded hygromycin B resistance: the sequence of hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene and its expression in Echerichia coli Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Gene , 25 : 179 – 188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyuris , J. and Duda , E.G. 1986 . High‐efficiency transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by bacterial minicell protoplast fusion . Mol. Cell. Biol. , 6 : 3295 – 3297 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadfield , C. , Cashmore , A.M. and Meacock , P.A. 1986 . An efficient chloramphenicol‐resistance marker for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Escherichia coli . Gene , 45 : 149 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadfield , C. , Cashmore , A.M. and Meacock , P.A. 1987 . Sequence and expression characteristics of a shuttle chloramphenicol‐resistance marker for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Escherichia coli . Gene , 52 : 59 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Hadfield , C. , Kirkhara , J.A. and Lancashire , W.E. 1986 . Dominant marker replacement: a general method for introducing new genetic material into yeast chromosomes without unwanted accompanying sequences . Yeast , 2 : S142
   Google Scholar
• Harford , M.N. and Peters , M. 1987 . Curing of endogenous 2 micron DNA in yeast by recombinant vectors . Curr. Genet. , 11 : 315 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , R.C.A. , Cox , B.C. and Tubb , R. 1985 . The transformation of brewing yeasts with a plasmid containing the gene for copper resistance . Curr. Genet. , 9 : 133 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinchliffe , E. and Daubney , C.J. 1986 . The genetic modification of brewing yeast with recombinant JDNA . Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. , 44 : 98 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Hinnen , A. , Hicks , J.B. and Fink , G.R. 1978 . Transformation of yeast . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 75 : 1929 – 1933 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito , H. , Fukuda , Y. , Musata , K. and Kimura , A. 1983 . Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations . J. Bacteriol. , 153 : 163 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , J.A. and Fink , G.R. 1981 . Gene conversion between duplicated genetic elements in yeast . Nature , 292 : 306 – 311 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jimenez , A. and Davies , J. 1980 . Expression of a transposable antibiotic resistance element in Saccharomyces . Nature , 287 : 869 – 871 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raster , K.R. , Burgett , S.G. and Ingolia , T.D. 1984 . Hygromycin B resistance as a dominant selectable marker in yeast . Curr. Genet. , 8 : 353 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kielland‐Brandt , M.C. , Nillsson‐Tillgren , T. , Petersen , J.G.L. , Holmberg , S. and Gjermansen , C. 1983 . “ Approaches to the Genetic Analysis and Breeding of Brewer's Yeast ” . In Yeast Genetics ‐ Fundamental and Applied Aspects , Edited by: Spencer , J.F.T. , Spencer , D.M. and Smith , A.R.W. 421 – 437 . Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Kikuchi , Y. and Toh‐e , A. 1986 . A nuclear gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae needed for stable maintenance of plasmids . Mol. Cell. Biol. , 6 : 4053 – 4059 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kunz , B.A. , Taylor , G.R. and Haynes , R.H. 1986 . Induction of intrachromosomal recombination in yeast by inhibition of thymidylate biosynthesis . Genetics , 114 : 375 – 392 .
   Google Scholar
• Larkin , J.C. and Woolford , J.L. 1983 . Molecular cloning and analysis of the CRY1 gene: a yeast ribosomal protein gene . Nucl. Acids Res. , 11 : 403 – 420 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lazo , P.S. , Ochoa , A.G. and Gascon , S. 1977 . α‐galactosidase from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis cellular localization and purification of the external enzyme . Eur. J. Biochem. , 77 : 375 – 382 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis , C.W. , Johnston , J.R. and Martin , P.A. 1976 . The genetics of yeast flocculation . J. Inst. Brew. , 82 : 158 – 160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liljestrom , P.L. 1985 . The nucleotide sequence of the yeast MEL1 gene . Nucl. Acids. Res. , 13 : 7257 – 7268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loison , G. , Nguyen‐Juilleret , M. , Alouani , S. and Marquet , M. 1986 . Plasmid‐transformed ura3 fur1 double mutants of S. cerevisiae an autoselection system applicable to the production of foreign proteins . Bio/Technology , 4 : 433 – 437 .
   Google Scholar
• Lolle , S. , Skipper , N. , Bussey , H. and Thomas , D.Y. 1984 . The expression of cDNA clones of yeast M1 double‐stranded RNA in yeast confers both killer and immunity phenotypes . EMBO J. , 3 : 1383 – 1387 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCann , A.K. and Barnett , J.A. 1986 . The utilization of starch by yeasts . Yeast , 2 : 109 – 115 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mead , D.J. , Gardner , D.C.J. and Oliver , S.G. 1986 . The yeast 2 μ plasmid: strategies for the survival of a selfish DNA . Mol. Gen. Genet. , 205 : 417 – 421 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meaden , P. , Ogden , K. , Bussey , H. and Tubb , R.S. 1985 . A DEX gene conferring production of extracellular amyloglucosidase on yeast . Gene , 34 : 325 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyajima , A. , Miyajima , I. , Arai , K. and Arai , N. 1984 . Expression of plasmid R388‐encoded type II dihydrofolate reductase as a dominant selective marker in S. cerevisiae . Mol. Cell. Biol. , 4 : 407 – 414 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortimer , R.K. and Contopoulou , R. 1987 . Yeast Genetic Stock Center, , Sixth Edition , Berkeley : Dept. of Biophysics and Medical Physics, Univ. of California .
   Google Scholar
• Mortimer , R.K. and Johnston , J.R. 1986 . Genealogy of principal strains of the yeast genetic stock center . Genetics , 113 : 35 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortimer , R.K. and Schild , D. 1985 . Genetic map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Edition 9 . Microbiol. Rev. , 49 : 181 – 212 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murata , K. , Pukuda , Y. , Shimosaka , M. , Watanabe , K. , Saikusa , T. and Kimura , A. 1985 . Phenotypic character of the methylglyoxal resistance gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression in Escherichia coli and application to breeding wild‐type yeast strains . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 50 : 1200 – 1207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson‐Tillgren , T. , Gjermansen , C. , Kielland‐Brandt , M.C. , Petersen , J.G.L. and Holmberg , S. 1981 . Genetic differences between Saccharomyces carlsbergensis S. cerevisiae. Analysis of chromosome III by single chromosome transfer . Carlsberg Res. Commun. , 46 : 65 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson‐Tillgren , T. , Petersen , J.G.L. , Holmberg , S. and Kielland‐Brandt , M. 1980 . Transfer of chromosome III during kar mediated cytoduction in yeast . Carlsberg. Res. Commun. , 45 : 113 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Olson , M.V. , Dutchik , J.E. , Graham , M.Y. , Brodeur , G.M. , Helms , C. , Frank , M. , MacCollin , M. , Scheinman , R. and Frank , T. 1986 . Random‐clone strategy for genomic restriction mapping in yeast . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 83 : 7826 – 7830 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orr‐Weaver , T.L. , Szostak , J.W. and Rothstein , R.J. 1981 . Yeast transformation: A model system for the study of recombination . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 78 : 6354 – 6358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panchal , C.J. , Bast , L. , Dowhanick , T. , Johnstone , J. and Stewart , G.G. 1987 . Studies on stability of miniplasmids comprised of only yeast DNA . Curr. Genet. , 12 : 15 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Panchal , C.J. , Russell , I. , Sills , A.M. and Stewart , G.G. 1984 . Genetic manipulation of brewing and related yeast strains . Food Technology , : 104 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Parent , S.A. , Fenimore , C.M. and Bostian , K.A. 1985 . Vector systems for the expression, analysis and cloning of DNA sequences in S. cerevisiae . Yeast , 1 : 83 – 138 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petersen , J.G.L. , Nilsson‐Tillgren , T. , Kielland‐Brandt , M.C. , Gjermansen , C. and Holmberg , S. 1987 . Structural heterozygosis at genes ILV2 ILV5 in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis . Curr. Genet. , 12 : 167 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post‐Beittenmiller , M.A. , Hamilton , R.W. and Hopper , J.E. 1984 . Regulation of basal and induced level of the MEL1 transcript in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Molec. Cell. Biol. , 4 : 1238 – 1245 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rank , G.H. 1986 . Gene interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulting in high‐level resistance to the herbicide sulfometuron methyl . Can. J. Genet. Cytol. , 28 : 852 – 855 .
   Google Scholar
• Rank , G.H. , Robertson , A. and Phillips , K. 1975 . Reduced plasma membrane permeability in a multiple cross‐resistant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . J. Bacteriol. , 122 : 359 – 366 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rank , G.H. and Sheard , J.W. 1979 . Revertants of pleiotropic cross resistance and collateral sensitivity in yeast: A multivariate analysis . Molec. Gen. Genet. , 167 : 309 – 316 .
   Google Scholar
• Reipen , G. , Erhart , E. , Breunig , K.D. and Hollenberg , C.P. 1982 . Non‐selective transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Curr. Genet. , 6 : 189 – 193 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rine , J. , Hansen , W. , Hardeman , E. and Davis , R.W. 1983 . Targeted selection of recombinant DNA clones through dosage effects . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 80 : 6750 – 6754 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruohola , H. , Liljestrom , P.L. , Torkkeli , T. , Kopu , H. , Lehtinen , P. , Kalkkinen , N. and Korhola , M. 1986 . Expression and regulation of the yeast MEL1 gene . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , 34 : 179 – 185 .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , I. and Stewart , G.G. 1979 . Spheroplast fusion of brewer's yeast strains . J. Inst. Brew. , 85 : 95 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai , K. and Yamamoto , M. 1986 . Transformation of the yeast, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis using an antibiotic resistance marker . Agric. Biol. Chem. , 50 : 1177 – 1182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders , G.W. and Rank , G.H. 1982 . Allelism of pleiotropic drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Can. J. Genet. Cytol. , 24 : 493 – 503 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schultz , L.D. and Friesen , J.D. 1983 . Nucleotide sequence of the tcm1 gene (ribosomal protein M3) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . J. Bacteriol. , 155 : 8 – 14 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skatrud , P.L. , Jacek , D.M. , Kot , E.J. and Helbert , J.R. 1980 . Fusion of Saccharomyces uvarum with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetic manipulation and reconstruction of a brewers yeast . Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. , 38 : 49 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Spencer , J.F.T. and Spencer , D.M. 1977 . Hybridization of non‐sporulating and weakly sporulating strains of brewer's yeasts . J. Inst. Brew. , 83 : 287 – 289 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer , J.F.T. and Spencer , D.M. 1983 . Genetic improvement of industrial yeasts . Ann. Rev. Microbiol. , 37 : 121 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart , G.G. 1987 . The biotechnological relevance of starch‐degrading enzymes . CRC Critical Rev. Biotech. , 5 : 89 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart , G.G. , Russell , I. and Goring , T. 1975 . Nature ‐ nurture anomalies ‐ further studies in yeast flocculation . Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. Proc. , 33 : 137 – 147 .
   Google Scholar
• Sumner‐Smith , M. , Bozzato , R.P. , Skipper , N. , Davies , R.W. and Hopper , J.E. 1985 . Analysis of the inducible MEL1 gene of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and its secreted product, alpha‐galactosidase (melibiase) . Gene , 36 : 333 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , D.Y. , Skipper , N.A. , Lou , P.C.K. , Lolle , S. and Bussey , H. Production and secretion of proteins and polypeptides in yeast . Can. Pat. 479062 . 1987 .
   Google Scholar
• Toh‐e , A. , Guerry‐Kopecko , P. and Wickner , R.B. 1980 . A stable plasmid carrying the yeast LEU2 gene and containing only yeast deoxyribonucleic acid . J. Bacteriol. , 141 : 413 – 416 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tubb , R.S. 1987 . Cambridge Prize Lecture. Gene Technology for Industrial Yeasts . J. Inst. Brew. , 93 : 91 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tubb , R.S. and Liljestrom , P.L. 1986 . A colony‐colour method which differentiates α‐galactosidase‐positive strains of yeast . J. Inst. Brew. , 92 : 588 – 590 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster , T.D. and Dickson , R.C. 1983 . Direct selection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resistant to the antibiotic G418 following transformation with a DNA vector carrying the kanamycin‐resistance gene of Tn903 . Gene , 26 : 243 – 1252 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch , J.W. , Fogel , S. , Cathala , G. and Karin , M. 1983 . Industrial yeasts display tandem gene iteration at the CUP1 region . Mol. Cell. Biol. , 3 : 1353 – 1361 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wettstein , D. von . 1983 . Emil Christian Hansen Centennial Lecture: from pure yeast culture to genetic engineering of brewers yeast . Eur. Brew. Conv. Congress , : 97 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Wettstein , D. von , Gjermansen , C. , Holmberg , S. , Kielland‐Brandt , M.C. , Nilsson‐Tillgren , T. , Pedersen , M.G. , Petersen , J.G.L. and Sigsgaard , P. 1984 . Genetic engineering in the improvement of brewers yeast . MBAA Tech. Quart. , 21 : 45 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Winge , O. and Hjort , A. 1935 . On some Saccharomycetes and other fungi still alive in the pure cultures of Emil . Chr. Hansen and Alb. Klocker. C.R. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, Ser. Physiol. , 21 : 51 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Winge , O. and Roberts , C. 1952 . The relation between the polymeric genes for maltose, raffinose, and sucrose fermentation in yeasts . C.R. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, Ser. Physiol. , 25 : 141 – 172 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yadav , N. , McDevitt , R.E. , Bernard , S. and Falco , S.C. 1986 . Single amino acid substitutions in the enzyme acetolactate synthase confer resistance to the herbicide sulfometuron methyl . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 83 : 4418 – 4422 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita , I. , Itoh , T. and Fukui , S. 1985a . Cloning and expression of the Saccharomyces fibuligera α‐amylase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Agric. Biol. Chem. , 49 : 3089 – 3091 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita , I. , Maemura , T. , Hatano , T. and Fukui , S. 1985c . Polymorphic extracellular glucoamylase genes and their evolutionary origin in the yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus . J. Bacteriol. , 161 : 574 – 582 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita , I. and Fukui , S. 1983 . Molecular cloning of a glucoamylase‐producing gene in the yeast Saccharomyces . Agric. Biol. Chem. , 47 : 2689 – 2692 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita , I. , Suzuki , K. and Fukui , S. 1985b . Nucleotide sequence of the extracellular glucoamylase gene STA1 in the yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus . J. Bacteriol. , 161 : 567 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yocum , R.R. 1986 . “ Genetic engineering of industrial yeasts ” . In Proceedings, Bio Expo 86 , 171 – 180 . Stoneham, M.A. : Butterworth Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Young , T.W. 1981 . The genetic manipulation of killer character into brewing yeast . J. Inst. Brew. , 87 : 292 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , J. , Contreras , R. and Fiers , W. 1986 . Construction of stable laboratory and industrial yeast strains expressing a foreign gene by integrative transformation using a dominant selection system . Gene , 50 : 225 – 237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , J. , Contreras , R. , Gheysen , D. , Ernst , J. and Friers , W. 1985 . A system for dominant transformation and plasmid amplification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Bio/Technology , 3 : 451 – 456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dept. of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada S7N 0W0
   Google Scholar
• Research Manager, Corporate R&D, Anheuser Busch Co., One Busch Place, St. Louis, MO 63118–1852
   Google Scholar