The socio-sexual behaviour of extant archosaurs: implications for understanding dinosaur behaviour

References

• Abler , WL . 1992 . The serrated teeth of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs and biting structures in other animals . Paleobiology , 18 : 161 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal , JC . 1954 . Sexual dimorphism and eversion of the hemipenis in Uromastyx hardwickii gray . Agra Univ J Res , 3 : 535 – 537 .
   Google Scholar
• Alcala , AC , Ross , CA and Alcala , EL . 1987 . Observations on reproduction and behaviour of captive Philippine crocodiles (Crocodylus mindorensis Schmidt) . Silliman J , 34 ( 1–4 ) : 18 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Alcock , J . 1989 . Animal behavior: an evolutionary approach , 4th ed , Sunderland (MA) : Sinauer Associates Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Alcock , J . 2004 . “ Understanding bird behaviour ” . In Handbook of bird biology , Edited by: Podulka , S , Rohrbaugh , R and Bonney , R . New York (NY) : Cornell Lab of Ornithology .
   Google Scholar
• Alexander , RD , Hoogland , JL , Howard , RD , Noonan , KM and Sherman , PW . 1979 . “ Sexual dimorphism and breeding systems in pinnipeds, ungulates, primates and humans ” . In Evolutionary biology and human social behaviour: an anthropological perspective , Edited by: Chagnon , N and Irons , W . 402 – 435 . Duxbury (MA) : Duxbury North Scituate .
   Google Scholar
• Alexander , RM . 1985 . Mechanics of posture and gait of some large dinosaurs . Zool J Linn Soc , 83 : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander , RM . 1989 . Dynamics of dinosaurs and other extinct giants , New York (NY) : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Alexander , RM . 1997 . “ Engineering a dinosaur ” . In The complete dinosaur , Edited by: Farlow , JO and Brett-Surman , MK . 415 – 425 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Alexander , RM . 2008 . Mechanics of posture and gait of some large dinosaurs . Zool J Linn Soc , 83 ( 1 ) : 1 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , AA . 1987 . Spring thunder in sapsucker woods . Living Bird Quart , 6 ( 4 ) : 8 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Allstead , J and Lang , JW . 1995 . Sexual dimorphism in the genital morphology of young American aligators, Alligator mississippiensis . Herpetologica , 51 ( 3 ) : 314 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez del Toro , M . 1974 . Los crocodylia des Mexico . Inst Mex Rec Nat Renov , 9 : 1 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Amadon , D . 1975 . Why are female birds of prey larger than males? . Raptor Res , 9 ( 1–2 ) : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Amalfi , C . 2005 . Tyrannosaurus sex . Cosmos , 4 : 46 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Andersson , M . 1982 . Female choice selects for extreme tail length in a widowbird . Nature , 299 : 818 – 820 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson , M . 1994 . Sexual selection , Princeton (NJ) : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Andersson , M . 2005 . Evolution of classical polyandry: three steps to female emacipation . Ethology , 111 : 1 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Andersson , M and Norberg , RA . 1981 . Evolution of reversed sexual size dimorphism and role partitioning among predatory birds, with a size scaling of flight . Biol J Linn Soc , 15 : 105 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews , RM and Mathies , T . 2000 . Natural history of reptilian development: constraints on the evolution of viviparity . BioScience , 50 ( 3 ) : 227 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astheimer , LB , Manolis , SC and Grau , CR . 1989 . Egg formation in crocodiles: avian affinities in yolk depositation . Copeia , 1989 : 221 – 224 .
   Google Scholar
• Auffenberg , W . 1972 . Komodo dragons . Nat Hist , 81 ( 4 ) : 52 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Auffenberg , W . 1981 . The behavioral ecology of the komodo monitor , Gainesville (FL) : Florida University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Auffenberg , W . 1983 . “ Courtship behavior in Varanus bengalensis (Sauria: Varanidae) ” . In Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology , Edited by: Rhodin , AGJ and Miyata , K . 535 – 551 . Cambridge (MA) : Museum of Comparative Zoology .
   Google Scholar
• Auffenberg , W . 1988 . Gray's monitor lizard , Gainesville (FL) : Florida University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Auffenberg , W . 1994 . The Bengal monitor , Gainesville (FL) : Florida University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Badeer , HS and Hicks , JW . 1996 . Circulation to the head of Barosaurus revisited: theoretical considerations . Comp Biochem Physiol , 114 : 197 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• Bagwill , A and Sever , DM . 2006 . Sperm storage as a reproductive tactic of the alligator Alligator mississippiensis , Abstract, ASIH/HL/SSAR Meeting, New Orleans, LA, USA
   Google Scholar
• Bagwill , A and Sever , DM . 2007 . Seasonal oviductal ultrastructure of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis: sperm storage as a reproductive tactic , Abstract, ASIH/HL/SSAR Meeting, St Louis, MO, USA
   Google Scholar
• Bakker , RT . 1968 . The superiority of dinosaurs . Discovery , 3 : 11 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Bakker , RT . 1971 . The ecology of brontosaurs . Nature , 229 : 172 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker , RT . 1986 . The dinosaur heresies , New York (NY) : William Morrow & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Bakker , RT . 1995 . Tyrannosaurus sex . PM Magazin , 7 : 8 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Bakker , RT . 1996 . Raptor red , New York (NY) : Bantam Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bakker , RT . 1997 . “ Raptor family values: allosaur parents brought giant caracasses into their lair to feed their young ” . In Dinofest international , Edited by: Wolberg , D , Stump , E and Rosenburg , G . 51 – 63 . Philadelphia (PA) : Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia .
   Google Scholar
• Bakker , RT and Bir , G . 2004 . “ Dinosaur crime scene investigations: theropod behaviour at Como Bluff, Wyoming and the evolution of birdness ” . In Feathered dragons: studies on the transition from dinosaurs to birds , Edited by: Currie , PJ , Koppelhus , EB , Shugar , M and Wright , JL . 301 – 342 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bailey , JB . 1997 . Neural spine elongation in dinosaurs: sailbacks or buffalo-backs? . J Paleontol , 71 ( 6 ) : 1124 – 1146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannister , DW and Candlish , JK . 1973 . The collagenolytic activity of avian medullary bone: effect of laying status and parathyroid extract . Br Poul Sci , 14 ( 1 ) : 121 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barghusen , HR . 1975 . A review of fighting adaptations in Dincephalians (Reptilia, Therapsida) . Paleobiology , 1 : 295 – 311 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnard , CJ . 2004 . Animal behaviour: mechanism, development, function and evolution , Essex (UK) : Pearson Education Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , FA and Lockley , MG . 1994 . Trackway evidence for social sauropods from the Morrison Formation, eastern Utah (USA) . Gaia , 10 : 37 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Bartholomew , GA Jr . 1952 . Reproductive and social behaviour of the northern elephant seal . Univ Calif Publ Zool , 47 : 369 – 471 .
   Google Scholar
• Beehler , BM and Foster , MS . 1988 . Hotshot, hotspots and female preference in the organisation of lek mating systems . Am Nat , 131 ( 2 ) : 203 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Beletsky , LD . 1996 . The red-winged blackbird: the biology of a strongly polygynous songbird , New York (NY) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , ATD , Cuthill , IC and Norris , KJ . 1994 . Sexual selection and the mismeasure of colour . Am Nat , 144 : 848 – 860 .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , D . 1998 . Monitor lizards: natural history, biology and husbandry , Frankfurt (Germany) : Edition Chimaira .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , SC . 1992 . Sexual dimorphism of Pteranodon and other pterosaurs, with comments on cranial crests . J Vert Paleontol , 12 : 422 – 434 .
   Google Scholar
• Bent , AC . 1961 . Life histories of North American birds of prey. Part 1 , New York (NY) : Dover Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Benton , MJ , Juul , L , Storrs , GW and Galton , PM . 2000 . Anatomy and systematics of the prosauropod dinosaur Thecodontosaurus antiquus from the upper Triassic of southwest England . J Vert Paleontol , 20 : 77 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berland , B . 1965 . The hood and its extrusible balloon in the hooded seal Cystophora cristata . Erxl Norsk Polarinst Arbok , 1965 : 95 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Bernard , SS . 2008 . The frigate bird Fregata aquila of Ascension Island . Ibis , 103 ( 3 ) : 409 – 422 .
   Google Scholar
• Bjorklund , M and Westman , B . 1983 . Extra-pair copulations in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) . Behav Ecol Sociobiol , 13 ( 4 ) : 271 – 275 .
   Google Scholar
• Bird , RT . 1939 . Thunder in his footsteps . Nat Hist , 43 : 254 – 261 .
   Google Scholar
• Bird , RT . 1941 . A dinosaur walks into the museum . Nat Hist , 47 : 74 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Bird , RT . 1944 . Did Brontosaurus ever walk on land? . Nat Hist , 53 : 61 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Birkhead , TR and Hoi , H . 1994 . Reproductive organs and mating strategies of the bearded tit Panurus biarmicus . Ibis , 136 : 356 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Birkhead , TR and Møller , AP . 1992a . Sperm competition in birds: evolutionary causes and consequences , London (UK) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Birkhead , TR and Møller , AP . 1992b . Numbers and size of sperm storage tubules and the duration of sperm storage in birds: a comparative study . Biol J Linn Soc , 45 ( 4 ) : 363 – 372 .
   Google Scholar
• Birkhead , TR , Briskie , JV and Møller , AP . 1993 . Male sperm reserves and copulation frequency in birds . Behav Ecol Sociobiol , 32 : 85 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Birkhead , TR and Møller , AP . 1995 . Extra-pair copulations and extra-pair paternity in birds . Anim Behav , 49 : 843 – 848 .
   Google Scholar
• Bloom , W , Bloom , M and McLean , FC . 1941 . Calcification and ossification, medullary bone changes in the reproductive cycle of the female pigeon . Anat Rec , 81 : 443 – 475 .
   Google Scholar
• Blueweiss , L , Fox , H , Kudzuma , V , Nakashima , D , Peters , R and Sams , S . 1978 . Relationships between body size and some life history parameters . Oecologia , 37 : 257 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böhme , W . 1988 . Zur genitalmorphologie der sauria: funktionelle und stammesgeschichtliche aspekte . Bonner Zoologische Monographien , 27 : 1 – 176 .
   Google Scholar
• Böhme , W and Nickel , H . 2000 . Who was the first to observe parental care in crocodiles? . Herp Bull , 74 : 16 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Bolwig , N . 1973 . Aganistic and sexual behaviour of the African ostrich (Struthio camelus) . Condor , 75 : 100 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Bonnan , MF , Farlow , JO and Masters , SL . 2008 . Using linear and geometric morphometrics to detect intraspecific variability and sexual dimorphism in femoral shape in Alligator mississippiensis and its implications for sexing fossil archosaurs . J Vert Paleontol , 28 ( 2 ) : 422 – 431 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgia , G . 1985 . Bower quality, number of decorations and mating success of male satin bowerbirds (Ptilonorhychus violaceus) . Behav Ecol Sociobiol , 18 : 91 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Boucot , AJ . 1990 . Evolutionary paleobiology of behavior and coevolution , Amsterdam (The Netherlands) : Elsevier Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Bradbury , JW . 1985 . “ Contrasts between insects and vertebrates in the evolution of male display, female choice and lek mating ” . In Experimental behavioural ecology and sociobiology , Edited by: Holldobler , B and Lindauer , M . 273 – 289 . Sunderland (MA) : Sinauer Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Bradbury , JW and Gibson , RM . 1983 . “ Leks and mate choice ” . In Mate choice , Edited by: Bateson , P . 109 – 138 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brattstrom , BH . 1974 . The evolution of reptilian social behaviour . Am Zool , 14 : 35 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Brazaitis , PJ . 1969 . The determination of sex in living crocodilians . Br J Herp , 4 ( 3 ) : 54 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Brazaitis , PJ . 1981 . Maxillary regeneration in a marsh crocodile Crocodylus palustris . J Herp , 15 ( 3 ) : 360 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan , PLR , Prum , RO , McCraken , KG , Sorenson , MD , Wilson , RE and Birkhead , TR . 2007 . Coevolution of male and female genital morphology in waterfowl . PloS ONE , 2 ( 5 ) : e418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkman , DB , Ryan , MJ and Eberth , DA . 1998 . The paleogeographic and stratigraphic distribution of ceratopsids (Ornithischia) in the upper Judith River group of western Canada . Palaios , 13 : 160 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briskie , JV . 1998 . Avian genitalia . Auk , 115 ( 4 ) : 826 – 828 .
   Google Scholar
• Briskie , JV and Montgomerie , R . 1992 . Sperm size and sperm competition in birds . Proc R Soc B , 247 : 89 – 95 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Briskie , JV and Montgomerie , R . 1997 . Sexual selection and the intromittent organ of birds . J Avian Biol , 28 : 73 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Brochu , CA . 2002 . Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull . J Vert Paleo Mem , 7 : 1 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , B and Schlaikjer , EM . 1940 . The structure and relationships of Protoceratops . Ann NY Acad Sci , 40 : 133 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , B and Schlaikjer , EM . 1943 . A study of the troodont dinosaurs with the description of a new genus and four new species . Bull Am Mus Nat Hist , 82 : 121 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Bruning , DF . 1974 . Social structure and reproductive behaviour in the greater rhea . Living Bird , 13 : 251 – 294 .
   Google Scholar
• Buechner , HK and Mackler , SF . 1974 . Breeding behaviour in the Indian rhinoceros . : 153 – 180 . POC AAZPA
   Google Scholar
• Buffetaut , E . 1983 . Wounds on the jaw of an eocene mesosuchian crocodilian as possible evidence for the antiquity of crocodilian intraspecific fighting behaviour . Palaeontol Z , 57 : 143 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Buffetaut , E . 2001 . Tantalizing glimpse of a vanishing dinosaur . Nature , 414 : 147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Buffrenil , V , Farlow , JO and de Ricqles , A . 1984 . “ Histological data on structure, growth and possible functions of Stegosaurus plates ” . In Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems , 31 – 36 . Tbingen : ATTEMPTO Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• de Buffrenil , V , Farlow , JO and de Ricqles , A . 1986 . Growth and function of Stegosaurus plates: evidence from bone histology . Paleobiology , 12 ( 4 ) : 459 – 473 .
   Google Scholar
• Burghardt , GM . 1977 . Of iguanas and dinosaurs – social behaviour and communication in neonate reptiles . Am Zool , 17 : 177 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Burghardt , GM . 1982 . Comparison matters: curiosity, bears, surplus energy and why reptiles don't play . Behav Brain Sci , 5 : 159 – 160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burghardt , GM . 1988 . “ Precocity, play and the ectotherm–endotherm transition: profound reorganization or superficial adaptation ” . In Handbook of behavioral neurobiology , Vol. 9: developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology Edited by: Blass , EM . 107 – 148 . New York (NY) : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Burghardt , GM . 1998 . “ The evolutionary origins of play revisited: lessons from turtles ” . In Animal play: evolutionary, comparative and ecological perspectives , Edited by: Bekoff , M and Byers , JA . 1 – 26 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burghardt , GM . 2002 . “ Play in reptiles ” . In New encyclopedia of reptiles and amphibians , Edited by: Halliday , TR and Adler , K . 112 – 113 . Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burghardt , GM , Green , HW and Ran , AS . 1977 . Social behaviour in hatchling green iguanas: life at a reptile rookery . Science , 195 : 689 – 691 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burghardt , GM , Ward , B and Rosscoe , R . 1996 . Problem of reptile play: environmental enrichment and play behaviour in a captive nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx tringuis . Zoo Biol , 15 : 223 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burghardt , GM , Chisnar , D , Murphy , JB , Romano , J. Jr , Walsh , T and Manrod , J . 2002 . “ Behavioural complexity, behavioural development and play ” . In Komodo dragons: biology and conservation , Edited by: Murphy , JB , Ciofi , C , de la Panouse , C and Walsh , T . 78 – 117 . Washington (DC) : Smithsonian Institute Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burish , MJ , Kueh , HY and Wang , SS-H . 2004 . Brain architecture and social complexity in birds and dinosaurs . Brain Behav Evol , 63 ( 2 ) : 107 – 124 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burley , NT and Johnson , K . 2002 . The evolution of avian parental care . Phil Trans R Soc Lond B , 357 : 241 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buss , IO and Smith , NS . 1966 . Observations on reproduction and breeding behaviour of the African elephant . J Wildl Mgmt , 30 ( 2 ) : 375 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bustard , HR . 1958 . Use of horns by Chameleo jacksoni . Br J Herp , 2 : 105 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , RJ and Upchurch , P . 2007 . Highly incomplete taxa and the phylogenetic relationships of the theropod dinosaur Juravenator starki . J Vert Paleontol , 27 ( 1 ) : 253 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caithness , TA . 1971 . Sexing kiwis . Int Zoo Yearbook , 11 ( 1 ) : 206 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , HW . 1973 . Observations on the acoustic behaviour of crocodilians . Zoologica , 58 ( 3 ) : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , NA . 1990 . Biology , 2nd ed , Redwood City (CA) : Benjamin-Cummings .
   Google Scholar
• Card , W and Kluge , AG . 1995 . Hemipeneal skeleton and varanid lizard systematics . J Herp , 29 ( 2 ) : 275 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , CC . 1967 . “ Aggression and social structure in iguanid lizards ” . In Lizard ecology: a symposium , Edited by: Milstead , WW . 87 – 105 . Columbia (MO) : University of Missouri Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , CC and Ferguson , GW . 1977 . “ Variation and evolution of stereotyped behaviour in reptiles ” . In Biology of the reptilia , Edited by: Gans , C and Tinkle , DW . 335 – 554 . London (UK) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , K . 1982 . Baby dinosaurs from the late cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod . Contrib Geol Univ Wyoming , 20 ( 2 ) : 123 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , K . 1984 . Skeletal reconstruction and life restoration of Sauropelta (Ankylosauria: Nodosaurida) from the cretaceous of North America . Can J Earth Sci , 21 : 1491 – 1498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter , K . 1990a . “ Variation in Tyrannosaurus rex ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 141 – 145 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , K . 1990b . “ Ankylosaur systematics: example using Panoplosaurus and Edmontonia ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 291 – 298 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , K . 1992 . Behaviour of hadrosaurs as interpreted from footprints in the ‘Mesaverde’ group (Campanian) of Colorado, Utah and Wyoming . Contrib Geol Univ Wyoming , 29 ( 2 ) : 81 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , K . 1997 . Agonistic behaviour in pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia: Dinosauria): a new look at head-butting behaviour . Contrib Geol Univ Wyoming , 32 ( 1 ) : 19 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , K . 1999 . Eggs, nests and baby dinosaurs: a look at dinosaur reproduction , Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , K . 2000 . Dinosaur reproduction: myths and facts . Earth Sci , 17 ( 4 ) : 3 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , K and Alf , K . 1994 . “ Global distribution of dinosaur eggs, nests, and babies ” . In Dinosaur eggs and babies , Edited by: Carpenter , K , Hirsch , KF and Horner , JR . 15 – 30 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carr , TD . 1999 . Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Coelurosauride) . J Vert Paleontol , 19 ( 3 ) : 497 – 520 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr , TD and Williamson , TE . 2004 . Diversity of late Maastrichian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America . Zool J Linn Soc , 142 : 479 – 523 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter , DB . 1990 . Courtship and mating in wild Varanus varius (Varanidae: Australia) . Mem Qld Mus , 29 ( 2 ) : 333 – 338 .
   Google Scholar
• Cave , AJE . 1964 . The processus glandis in the Rhinocerotidae . Proc Zool Soc Lond , 143 : 569 – 586 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , RE . 1990 . “ Shape analysis in the study of dinosaur morphology ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 21 – 42 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , RE , Galton , PM , Sepkoski , JJ Jr and Wall , WP . 1981 . A morphometric study of the cranium of the pachycephalosaurid dinosaur Stegoceras . J Paleontol , 55 ( 3 ) : 608 – 618 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , RE and Brett-Surman , MK . 1990 . “ Morphometric observations on hadrosaurid ornithopods ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 163 – 177 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , RE , Weishampel , DB , Hunt , G and Rasskin-Gutman , D . 1997 . “ Sexual dimorphism in dinosaurs ” . In Dinofest international , Edited by: Wolberg , D , Stump , E and Rosenburg , G . 83 – 93 . Philadelphia (PA) : Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , S and Huang , X . 1993 . Preliminary study of dinosaur tracks in Changling, Chuxiong prefecture . J Yunnan Geol , 12 ( 3 ) : 266 – 276 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , PJ , Dong , ZM and Zhen , SN . 1998 . An exceptionally well preserved theropod dinosaur from the Yixian formation of China . Nature , 391 : 147 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiappe , LM , Coria , RA , Dingus , L , Jackson , F , Chinsamy , A and Fox , M . 1998 . Sauropod dinosaur embryos from the late Cretaceous of Patagonia . Nature , 396 : 258 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiappe , LM , Jackson , F , Dingus , L and Grellet-Tinner , G . 1999 . Auca Mahuevo: an extraordinary dinosaur nesting ground from the late cretaceous of Patagonia . J Vert Paleontol , 19 ( 3 ) : 37A
   Google Scholar
• Chiappe , LM , Schmitt , JG , Jackson , F , Garrido , A , Dingus , L and Grellet-Tinner , G . 2004 . Nest structure for sauropods: sedimentary criteria for recognition of dinosaur nesting traces . Palios , 19 : 89 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiappe , LM , Shu'an , J and Qiang , J . 2007 . Juvenile birds from the early cretaceous of China: implications for enantiornithine ontogeny . Am Mus Novitates , 3594 : 1 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinsamy , A . 1990 . Physiological implications of the bone histology of Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Theropoda) . Palaeont Afr , 27 : 77 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Chinsamy , A , Chiappe , LM and Dodson , P . 1994 . Growth rings in mesozoic birds . Nature , 368 : 196 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinsamy , A , Chiappe , LM and Dodson , P . 1995 . Mesozoic avian bone microstructure: physiological implications . Paleobiology , 21 : 561 – 574 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinsamy , A and Barrett , PM . 1997 . Sex and old bones . J Vert Paleontol , 17 ( 2 ) : 450
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinsamy-Turan , A . 2005 . The microstructure of dinosaur bone: deciphering biology with fine-scale techniques , Baltimore (MD) : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen , P and Bonde , N . 2004 . Body plumage in Archaeopteryx: a review, and new evidence from the Berlin specimen . CR Palevol , 3 : 99 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• Christman , MC and Lewis , D . 2005 . Spatial distribution of dominant animals within a group: comparison of four statistical tests of location . Anim Behav , 70 ( 1 ) : 73 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Choy , DSJ and Altman , P . 1992 . The cardiovascular system of Barosaurus: an educated guess . Lancet , 340 : 534 – 536 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark , JM , Norell , MA and Chiappe , LM . 1999 . An oviraptorid skeleton from the late cretaceous of Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia, preserved in an avianlike brooding position over an oviraptorid nest . Am Mus Novitates , 3265 : 1 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , NDL , Ross , RA and Booth , P . 2005 . Dinosaur tracks from the Kilmaluag formation (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of Score Bay, Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK . Ichnos , 12 : 93 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Clutton-Brock , TH . 1991 . The evolution of parental care , Princeton (NJ) : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clutton-Brock , TH , Guinness , FE and Albon , SD . 1982 . Red deer: behaviour and ecology of two sexes , Chicago (IL) : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cockburn , A . 2006 . Prevalence of different modes of parental care in birds . Proc R Soc B , 273 : 1375 – 1383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codenotti , TL and Alvarez , F . 2001 . Mating behaviour of the male greater rhea . Wilson Bull , 113 ( 1 ) : 85 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Coker , CR , McKinney , F , Hays , H , Briggs , SV and Cheng , KM . 2002 . Intromittent organ morphology and testis size in relation to mating system in waterfowl . Auk , 119 ( 2 ) : 403 – 414 .
   Google Scholar
• Colbert , EH . 1948 . Evolution of the horned dinosaurs . Evolution , 2 : 145 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colbert , EH . 1955 . Evolution of the vertebrates , New York (NY) : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Colbert , EH . 1961 . Dinosaurs: their discovery and their world , New York (NY) : Dutton .
   Google Scholar
• Colbert , EH . 1989 . The Triassic dinosaur Coelophysis . Mus Northern Arizona Bull , 57 : 1 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Colbert , EH . 1990 . “ Variation in Coelophysis bauri ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 81 – 90 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Coombs , WP . 1975 . Sauropod habits and habitat . Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol , 17 : 1 – 3 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coombs , WP . 1980 . Juvenile ceratopsians from mongolia: the smallest known dinosaur specimens . Nature , 283 : 380 – 381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coombs , WP . 1982 . Juvenile specimens of the ornithischian dinosaur Pssiticosaurus . Paleontology , 25 ( 1 ) : 89 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Coombs , WP . 1989 . “ Modern analogs for dinosaur nesting and parental behaviour ” . In Paleobiology of the dinosaurs , Edited by: Farlow , JO . 21 – 53 . Boulder (CO) : Books on Demand .
   Google Scholar
• Coombs , WP . 1990 . “ Behaviour patterns in dinosaurs ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Wieshampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 32 – 42 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Coombs , WP . 1995 . Ankylosaurian tail clubs of middle campanian to early maastrichtian age from western North America, with description of a tiny club from Alberta and discussion of tail orientation and tail club function . Can J Earth Sci , 32 : 902 – 912 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coria , RA . 1994 . On a monospecific assemblage of sauropod dinosaurs from Patagonia: implications for gregarious behaviour . Gaia , 10 : 209 – 213 .
   Google Scholar
• Cott , HB . 1961 . Scientific results of an inquiry into the ecology and economic status of the nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) in Uganda and northern Rhodesia . Trans Zool Soc Lond , 29 ( 4 ) : 210 – 357 .
   Google Scholar
• Covey , DSG . 1993 . Ontogenetic changes in hind limb proportions within the ghost ranch population of Coelophysis bauri . J Vert Paleontol , 13 ( 3 ) : 31A
   Google Scholar
• Cox , CR . 1981 . Agonistic encounters among male elephant seals – frequency, context, and the role of female preference . Am Zool , 21 : 197 – 209 .
   Google Scholar
• Cox , RM , Butler , MA and John-Alder , HB . 2007 . “ The evolution of sexual size dimorphism in reptiles ” . In Sex, size, and gender roles – evolutionary studies of sexual size dimorphism , Edited by: Fairbairn , DJ , Blanckenhorn , WU and Szekely , T . 38 – 49 . Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cronquist , A . 1987 . A botanical critique of cladism . Bot Rev , 53 ( 1 ) : 1 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Currie , PJ . 1983 . Hadrosaur trackways from the lower cretaceous of Canada . Acta Paleontol Pol , 28 : 63 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Currie , PJ . 1989 . Long distance dinosaurs . Nat Hist , 6 : 60 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Currie , PJ . 1995 . “ Ornithopod trackways from the lower cretaceous of Canada ” . In Vertebrate fossils and the evolution of scientific concepts , Edited by: Sarjeant , WAS . 431 – 443 . Singapore : Gordon and Breach Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Currie , PJ . 1997 . “ Theropods ” . In The complete dinosaur , Edited by: Farlow , JO and Brett-Surman , MK . 216 – 233 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Currie , PJ . 1998 . Possible evidence of gregarious behaviour in tyrannosaurids . Gaia , 15 : 271 – 277 .
   Google Scholar
• Currie , PJ and Dodson , P . 1984 . “ Mass death of a herd of ceratopsian dinosaurs ” . In Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems , 61 – 66 . Tubingen : ATTEMPTO Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Currie , PJ and Eberth , DA . 1993 . Paleontology, sedimentology and paleoecology of the Iren Dabusu formation (Upper Cretaceous), Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China . Cret Res , 14 : 127 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie , PJ and Chen , PJ . 2001 . Anatomy of Sinosauropteryx prima from Liaoning northeastern China . Can J Earth Sci , 38 : 1705 – 1727 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie , PJ , Trexler , D , Koppelhus , EB , Wicks , K and Murphy , N . 2005a . “ An unusual multi-individual tyrannosaurid bonebed in the Two Medicine Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) of Montana (USA) ” . In The carnivorous dinosaurs , Edited by: Carpenter , K . 313 – 324 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Currie , PJ , Henderson , DM , Horner , JR and Williams , S . 2005b . On tyrannosaur teeth, tooth positions and the taxonomic status of Nanotyrannus lancensis , Abstract. The origin, systematics and paleobiology of the tyrannosauridae. Burpee Museum Natural History, North Illinois University
   Google Scholar
• Czerkas , SA . 1992 . Discovery of dermal spines reveals a new look for sauropod dinosaurs . Geology , 20 ( 12 ) : 1068 – 1070 .
   Google Scholar
• Czerkas , SA . 1994 . The history and interpretation of sauropod skin impressions . Gaia , 10 : 173 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Czerkas , SA and Czerkas , SJ . 1997 . “ The integument and life restoration of Carnatosaurus ” . In Dinofest international , Edited by: Wolberg , D , Stump , E and Rosenburg , G . 155 – 158 . Philadelphia (PA) : Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia .
   Google Scholar
• Czerkas , SA , Zhang , D , Li , J and Li , Y . 2002 . “ Flying dromaeosaurs ” . In Feathered dinosaurs and the origin of flight.The dinosaur museum journal , Edited by: Czerkas , SJ . Vol. 1 , 16 – 26 . Blanding, Utah : The Dinosaur Museum .
   Google Scholar
• Dacke , CG , Arkle , S , Cook , DJ , Wormstone , IM , Jones , S , Zaidi , M and Bascal , ZA . 1993 . Medullary bone and avian calcium regulation . J Exp Biol , 184 : 63 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dal Sasso , C , Maganuco , S , Buffetaut , E and Mendez , MA . 2005 . New information on the skull of the enigmatic theropod Spinosaurus with remarks on its size and affinities . J Vert Paleontol , 25 ( 4 ) : 888 – 896 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dall , S , McNamara , JM , Wedell , N and Hosken , DJ . 2006 . Debating sexual selection and mating strategies . Science , 312 : 689 – 697 .
   Google Scholar
• Dalton , R . 2001a . Elusive fossil could conceal answer to dinosaur debate . Nature , 412 : 844
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dalton , R . 2001b . Wandering Chinese fossil turns up at museum . Nature , 414 : 571
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dantzker , MS and Bradbury , JW . 2006 . Vocal sacs and their role in avian acoustic display . Acta Zool Sin , 52 : 486 – 488 .
   Google Scholar
• Darwin , C . 1871 . The descent of man and selection in relation to sex , London (UK) : John Murray .
   Google Scholar
• Dashzeveg , D , Novacek , MJ , Norell , MA , Clark , JM , Chiappe , LM , Davidson , A , McKenna , MC , Dingus , L , Swisher , C and Altangerel , P . 1995 . Extraordinary preservation in a new vertebrate assemblage from the late cretaceous of Mongolia . Nature , 374 : 446 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davenport , M . 1995 . Evidence of possible sperm storage in the Caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus . Herp Rev , 26 ( 1 ) : 14 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , NB . 1983 . Polyandry, cloaca pecking, and sperm competition in dunnocks . Nature , 302 : 334 – 336 .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , NB . 1985 . Cooperation and conflict among dunnocks, Prunella modularis, in a variable mating system . Anim Behav , 33 : 628 – 648 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , SJJF and Jolly , JN . 2003 . “ Kiwis ” . In The new encyclopedia of birds , Edited by: Perrins , C . 46 – 47 . Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , NB and Lundberg , A . 1984 . Food distribution and a variable mating system in the dunnock, Prunella modularis . J Anim Ecol , 50 : 895 – 912 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , LM , Glenn , TC , Elsey , RM , Dessauers , HC and Sawyer , RH . 2001 . Multiple paternity and mating patterns in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis . Mol Ecol , 10 : 1011 – 1024 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davitashvili , L . 1961 . The theory of sexual selection. (Moscow): Izdatel'stvo Akademia Nauk SSSR 1 – 538 .
   Google Scholar
• Dawson , TJ . 1995 . Kangaroos, the biology of the largest marsupials , New York (NY) : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Day , JJ , Norman , DB , Gale , AS , Upchurch , P and Powell , HP . 2004 . A middle Jurassic dinosaur trackway site from Oxfordshire, UK . Palaeontology , 47 ( 2 ) : 319 – 348 .
   Google Scholar
• Deacon , T . 1997 . The symbolic species: the co-evolution of language and the human brain , London (UK) : Penguin Press .
   Google Scholar
• Deeming , DC . 2002 . “ Importance and evolution of incubation in avian reproduction ” . In Avian incubation , Edited by: Deeming , DC . 1 – 7 . Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Deeming , DC . 2004 . “ Prevalence of TSD in crocodilians ” . In Temperature-dependent sex determination in vertebrates , Edited by: Valenzuela , N and Lance , V . 33 – 41 . Washington (DC) : Smithsonian Books .
   Google Scholar
• Deeming , DC . 2006 . Ultrastructural and functional morphology of eggshells supports the idea that dinosaur eggs were incubated buried in a substrate . Palaeontology , 49 ( 1 ) : 171 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeming , DC and Ferguson , WJ . 1989 . The mechanism of temperature dependent sex determination in crocodilians: a hypothesis . Am Zool , 29 : 973 – 985 .
   Google Scholar
• Dennis , JM . 1992 . Barosaurus and its circulation . Lancet , 340 : 1128
   Google Scholar
• Dial , KP . 2003 . Evolution of avian locomotion: correlates of flight style, locomotor modules, nesting biology, body size, development, and the origin of flapping flight . Auk , 120 ( 4 ) : 941 – 952 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz , JL , Kurata , Y and Sugimoto , M . 1990 . Phase of breeding behaviour of Crocodylus mindorensis , 380 Gland : IUCN The World Conservation Union .
   Google Scholar
• Diegert , SE and Williamson , T . 1998 . A digital acoustic model of the lambeosaurine hadrosaur Parasaurolophus tubicen . J Vert Paleontol , 18 ( 3 ) : 38A
   Google Scholar
• Dingus , L and Rowe , T . 1998 . The mistaken extinction: dinosaur evolution and the origin of birds , New York (NY) : W.H. Freeman and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Divyabhanusinh . 1986 . Note on the strange behaviour of a marsh crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) . J Bombay Nat Hist Soc , 83 : 220 – 221 .
   Google Scholar
• Dodson , P . 1971 . Sedimentology and taphonomy of the Oldman formation (Campanian), dinosaur provincial park, Alberta (Canada) . Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol , 10 : 21 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodson , P . 1975 . Taxonomic implications of relative growth in lambeosaurine hadrosaurs . Syst Zool , 24 ( 1 ) : 37 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Dodson , P . 1976 . Quantitative aspects of relative growth and sexual dimorphism in Protoceratops . J Paleontol , 50 ( 5 ) : 929 – 940 .
   Google Scholar
• Dodson , P . 1990 . “ On the status of the ceratopsids Monoclonius and Centrosaurus ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 231 – 243 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dodson , P . 1996 . The horned dinosaurs: a natural history , Princeton (NJ) : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dodson , P , Behrensmeyer , AK , Bakker , RT and McIntosh , JS . 1980b . Taphonomy and paleoecology of the dinosaur beds of the Jurassic Morrison formation . Paleonbiology , 6 : 208 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodson , P , Britt , B , Carpenter , K , Forster , CA , Gillette , DD , Norell , MA , Olshevsky , G , Parrish , JM and Weishampel , DB . 1994 . The age of dinosaurs , Publications International .
   Google Scholar
• Dodson , P , Forster , CA and Sampson , SD . 2004 . “ Ceratopsidae ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weishampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 494 – 513 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dong , Z and Currie , PJ . 1996 . On the discovery of an oviraptorid skeleton on a nest of eggs at Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China . Can J Earth Sci , 33 : 631 – 636 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas-Hamilton , I and Douglas-Hamilton , O . 1975 . Among the elephants , London (UK) : Collins & Harvill Press .
   Google Scholar
• Eberhard , WG . 1990 . Animal genitalia and female choice . Am Sci , 78 : 134 – 141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhard , WG . 1996 . Sexual selection by cryptic female choice , Princeton (NJ) : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Eberth , DA . 1996 . Ceratopsian bonebeds in the dinosaur park formation (Campanian) of southern Alberta: bigger than we thought? . J Vert Paleontol , 16 ( 3 ) : 32A
   Google Scholar
• Eberth , DA , Currie , PJ , Coria , RA , Garrido , AC and Zonneveld , JP . 2000 . Large-theropod bonebed, Neuquen, Argentina: paleoecological importance . J Vert Paleontol , 20 ( 3 ) : 39A
   Google Scholar
• Eberth , DA and Getty , MA . 2005 . “ Ceratopsian bonebeds: occurrence, origins and significance ” . In Dinosaur provincial park: spectacular ancient ecosystem revealed , Edited by: Currie , PJ and Koppelhus , EB . 501 – 536 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Edgren , RA . 1960 . A seasonal change in bone density in female musk turtles Sternotherus odoratus (Latrreille) . Comp Biochem Physiol , 1 : 213 – 217 .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , C , Ovenden , N and Rottschafer , V . 2003 . Some cracking ideas on egg incubation , 46th European Study Group with Industry, Bristol 31st March–4th April
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberg , JF , McKay , GM and Jainudeen , MR . 1970 . Reproductive behaviour of the asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus maximus L.) . Behaviour , 38 : 193 – 225 .
   Google Scholar
• Elphick , C , Dunning , JB and Sibley , D . 2003 . The sibley guide to bird life and behaviour , London (UK) : Christopher Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Elsey , RM and Wink , CS . 1985 . Femoral bone as a possible source of calcium for eggshell depositation in Alligator mississippiensis . Anat Rec , 211 : 57A
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elsey , RM and Wink , CS . 1986 . The effects of estradiol on plasma calcium and femoral bone structure in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) . Comp Biochem Physiol , 84A ( 1 ) : 107 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Elzanowski , A . 1981 . Results of the Polish-Mongolian palaeontological expeditions, Part IX . Palaeo Pol , 42 : 147 – 179 .
   Google Scholar
• Elzanowski , A . 1985 . The evolution of parental care in birds with reference to fossil embryos . Acta XVIII Congr Int Ornithol , 1 : 187 – 183 .
   Google Scholar
• Elzanowski , A . 1995 . Cretaceous birds and avian phylogeny . Cour Forschunginstitut Senckenberg , 181 : 37 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Emlen , ST and Oring , LW . 1977 . Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems . Science , 197 : 215 – 223 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endler , JA . 1991 . Variation in the appearance of guppy colour patterns to guppies and their predators under different visual conditions . Visual Res , 31 : 587 – 608 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson , BR . 1966 . Mounted skeleton of Triceratops prorsus in the science museum . Sci Publ Sci Mus St Paul Minn , 1 : 1 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , GM . 1999 . Breathing life into Tyrannosaurus rex . Sci Am. , : 32 – 39 . September
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , GM , Lappin , AK and Larson , P . 2005 . Androgynous rex – the utility of chevrons for determining the sex of crocodilians and non-avian dinosaurs . Zoology , 108 : 277 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson , GM , Rogers , KC , Varricchio , DJ , Norell , MA and Xu , X . 2007 . Growth patterns in brooding dinosaurs reveals the timing of sexual maturity in non-avian dinosaurs and genesis of the avian condition . Biol Lett , 3 : 558 – 561 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , D , Currie , P , Eberth , D and Ryan , M . 2006 . High resolution lambeosaurine dinosaur biostratigraphy dinosaur park formation, Alberta: sexual dimorphism reconsidered . J Vert Paleontol , 26 ( 3 ) : 59A
   Google Scholar
• Evans , D , Witmer , L , Ridgely , R and Horner , J . 2008 . Endocranial anatomy of lambeosaurine dinosaurs: implications for cranial crest function and evolution , Abstract, J Vert Paleo, 68th Annual Meeting, Cleveland, Ohio
   Google Scholar
• Evans , HE and Heiser , JB . 2004 . “ What's inside: anatomy and physiology ” . In Handbook of bird biology , Edited by: Podulka , S , Rohrbaugh , R and Bonney , R . New York (NY) : Cornell Lab of Ornithology .
   Google Scholar
• Ewert , MA , Firth , SJ and Nelson , CE . 1984 . Normal and multiple eggshells in batagurine turtles and their implications for dinosaurs and other reptiles . Can J Zool , 62 : 1834 – 1841 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairbairn , DJ . 2007 . “ Introduction: the enigma of sexual size dimorphism ” . In Sex, size, and gender roles – evolutionary studies of sexual size dimorphism , Edited by: Fairbairn , DJ , Blanckenhorn , WU and Szekely , T . 1 – 10 . Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fairbairn , DJ , Blanckenhorn , WU and Szekely , T . 2007 . Sex, size, and gender roles – evolutionary studies of sexual size dimorphism , Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Farke , AA . 2004 . Horn use in Triceratops (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae): testing behavioural hypotheses using scale models . Palaeontol Electron , 7 ( 1 ) : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Farke , AA , Wolff , EDS and Tanke , DH . 2009 . Evidence of combat in Triceratops . PloS ONE , 4 ( 1 ) : e4252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farlow , JO . 1987a . Speculations about the diet and digestive physiology of herbivorous dinosaurs . Paleobiology , 13 : 60 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farlow , JO . 1987b . A guide to lower cretaceous dinosaur footprints and tracksites of the Paluxy River Valley, Somerville County, Texas , Field Trip Guidebook, South Central Section, Geological Society of America, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, 50pp
   Google Scholar
• Farlow , JO . 1990 . Dynamic dinosaurs . Paleobiology , 16 : 234 – 241 .
   Google Scholar
• Farlow , JO . 1992 . Sauropod tracks and trackmakers: integrating the ichnological and skeletal records . Zubia , 10 : 89 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Farlow , JO and Dodson , P . 1975 . The behavioural significance of frill and horn morphology in ceratopsian dinosaurs . Evolution , 29 : 353 – 361 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farlow , JO , Thompson , CV and Rosner , DE . 1976 . Plates of the dinosaur Stegosaurus: forced convection heat loss fins . Science , 192 : 1123 – 1125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farlow , JO , Gatesy , SM , Holtz , TR , Hutchinson , JR and Robinson , JM . 2000 . Theropod locomotion . Am Zool , 40 ( 4 ) : 640 – 663 .
   Google Scholar
• Felicioli , A , Santini , L and Grazzini , A . 1997 . The mounting and copulation behaviour of the crested porcupine Hystrix cristata . Ital J Zool , 64 : 155 – 163 .
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson , MWJ . 1985 . “ Reproductive biology and embryology of crocodilians ” . In Biology of the reptiles , Edited by: Gans , C , Billet , FS and Maderson , PPA . 329 – 492 . New York (NY) : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson , MW and Joanen , T . 1982 . Temperature of egg incubation determines sex in Alligator mississippiensis . Nature , 296 : 850 – 852 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez , GJ and Reboreda , JC . 2003 . Male parental care in greater rheas (Rhea americana) in Argentina . Auk , 120 : 418 – 428 .
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez , V . 2008 . Tiranosaurio sex . Quo , 153 : 27 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , RA . 1915 . The evolution of sexual preference . Eug Rev , 7 : 184 – 192 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fisher , RA . 1930 . The genetical theory of natural selection , Oxford (UK) : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , RA . 1958 . The genetical theory of natural selection , New York (NY) : Dover .
   Google Scholar
• Fitch , HS . 1981 . Sexual size differences in reptiles . Univ Kansas Mus Nat Hist Misc Publ , 70 : 1 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Fitch , WT and Hauser , MD . 2002 . “ Unpacking ‘honesty’: vertebrate vocal production and the evolution of acoustic signals ” . In Acoustic communication , Edited by: Simmons , AM , Fay , RR and Popper , AN . 65 – 137 . New York (NY) : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Forster , CA . 1990 . Evidence for juvenile groups in the ornithopod dinosaur Tenontosaurus tilletti Ostrom . J Paleontol , 64 ( 1 ) : 164 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster , CA . 1996 . New information on the skull of Triceratops . J Vert Paleontol , 16 ( 2 ) : 246 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey , R . 1995 . Copulatory organ, mating posture and locomotion: their interrelationship in non-mammalian vertebrates . J Zool Syst Evol Res , 33 : 17 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Fritz , S . 1988 . Tyrannosaurus sex: a love tail . Omni , 10(5) ( 64–68 ) : 78
   Google Scholar
• Galton , PM . 1970 . Pachycephalosaurids – dinosaurian battering rams . Discovery , 6 ( 1 ) : 23 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , PM . 1971 . A primitive dome headed dinosaur (Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauridae) from the lower cretaceous of England and the function of the dome in pachycephalosaurids . J Paleontol , 45 : 40 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , PM . 1982a . The postcranial anatomy of stegosaurian dinosaur Kentrosaurus from the upper Jurassic of Tanzania . E Africa Geol Paleontol , 15 : 139 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , PM . 1982b . Juveniles of the stegosaurian dinosaur Stegosaurus from the upper Jurassic of North America . J Vert Paleontol , 2 ( 1 ) : 47 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , PM . 1985 . British plated dinosaurs . J Vert Paleontol , 5 : 211 – 254 .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , PM . 1990 . “ Stegosauria ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weisenhampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 435 – 455 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , PM . 1991 . Postcranial remains of stegosaurian dinosaur Dacentrurus armatus from upper Jurassic of France and Portugal . Geol Palaeontol , 25 : 299 – 327 .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , PM . 1997 . Comments on sexual dimorphism in the prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus engelhardti from the upper Triassic of Trossingen, Nordwurttemberg . N Jb Geol Palaontol Mh , 1997 : 674 – 682 .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , PM . 1999 . Sex, sacra and Sellosaurus gracilis (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha, upper Triassic, Germany) – or why the character ‘two sacral vertebra’ is pleisiomorphic for dinosauria . N Jb Geol Paleontol Abhandl , 213 : 19 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galton , PM and Upchurch , P . 2004 . “ Stegosauria ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weishampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 343 – 362 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gangloff , RA . 1995 . Edmontonia sp. the first record of an ankylosaur from Alaska . J Vert Paleontol , 15 ( 1 ) : 195 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia , G , Marivaux , L , Pelissie , T and Vianey-Liaud , M . 2006 . Earliest Laurasian sauropod eggs . Acta Paleontol Pol , 51 ( 1 ) : 99 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrick , LD and Lang , JW . 1977 . Social signals and behaviours of adult alligators and crocodiles . Am Zool , 17 : 225 – 239 .
   Google Scholar
• Garrick , LD , Lang , JW and Herzog , HA . 1978 . Social signals of adult American alligators . Bull Am Mus Nat Hist , 160 : 157 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Gates , T . 2005 . The late Jurassic Cleveland–Lloyd dinosaur quarry as a drought induced assemblage . Palaios , 20 : 363 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier , J . 1986 . Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds . Mem Calif Acad Sci , 8 : 1 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Gay , R . 2005 . “ Sexual dimorphism in the early Jurassic theropod dinosaur Dilophosaurus and a comparison with other related forms ” . In The carnivorous dinosaurs , Edited by: Carpenter , K . 277 – 283 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Geist , V . 1966 . The evolution of horn-like organs . Behaviour , 27 : 175 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geist , V . 1971 . Mountain sheep: a study in behaviour and evolution , Chicago (IL) : Chicago University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Geist , V . 1972 . An ecological and behavioural explanation of mammalian characteristics, and their implication to therapsid evolution . Z Saugetier-kunde , 37 : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Geist , V . 1974 . On the relationship of social evolution and ecology in ungulates . Am Zool , 14 : 205 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Geist , V . 1977 . A comparison of social adaptations in relation to ecology in gallinaceous bird and ungulate societies . Ann Rev Ecol Syst , 8 : 193 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• Geist , NR and Jones , TD . 1995 . Long bone epiphyseal structure in juvenile ratites, crocodilians and dinosaurs . J Vert Paleontol , 15 ( 3 ) : 31A
   Google Scholar
• Geist , NR and Jones , TD . 1996 . Juvenile skeletal structure and the reproductive habits of dinosaurs . Science , 272 : 712 – 714 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhardt , U . 1933 . “ Kloake und begattungsorgan ” . In Handbuch der vergleichendon anatomie der wirbeltiere Edited by: Bolk , L , Goppert , E , Kallius , F and Lubosch , W . Vol. 6 , 267 – 350 .
   Google Scholar
• Gignac , PM , Prieto-Marquez , A , Erickson , GM and Joshi , SH . 2006 . Testing the utility of ostelological correlates purported to reflect gender in non-avian theropods , Abstract, Society of Integrative and Comparative Biological Meetings
   Google Scholar
• Gillooly , JF , Allen , AP and Charnov , EL . 2006 . Dinosaur fossils predict body temperatures . PloS ONE , 4 ( 8 ) : e248
   Google Scholar
• Gilmore , CW . 1919 . New restoration of Triceratops, with notes on the osteology of the genus . Proc US Natl Mus , 55 : 97 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Gist , DH and Congdon , JD . 1998 . Oviductal sperm storage as a reproductive tactic of turtles . J Exp Zool , 282 : 526 – 534 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gist , DH , Bagwill , A , Lance , V , Sever , DM and Elsey , RM . 2008 . Sperm storage in the oviduct of the American alligator . J Exp Zool , 309A : 581 – 587 .
   Google Scholar
• Glickman , SE and Sroges , RW . 1966 . Curiosity in zoo animals . Behaviour , 26 : 151 – 188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goddard , J . 1966 . Mating and courtship of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis L.) . East Afr Wildl J , 4 : 69 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Godefroit , P , Bolotsky , Y and Alifanov , V . 2003 . A remarkable hollow crested hadrosaur from Russia: an asian origin for lambeosaurines . CR Paleovol , 2 : 143 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godfrey , SJ and Holmes , R . 1995 . Cranial morphology and systematics of Chasmosaurus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) from the upper cretaceous of western Canada . J Vert Paleontol , 15 ( 4 ) : 726 – 742 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Göhlich , UB and Chiappe , LM . 2006 . A new carnivorous dinosaur from the late Jurassic Solnhofen archipelago . Nature , 440 : 329 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin , MB . 1990 . “ Morphometric landmarks of pachycephalosaurid cranial material from the Judith River formation of northcentral Montana ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 189 – 201 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin , MB , Buchholtz , EA and Johnson , RE . 1998 . Cranial anatomy and diagnosis of Stygimoloch spinifer (Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauria) with comments on cranial display structures in agonistic behaviour . J Vert Paleontol , 18 : 363 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin , MB and Horner , JR . 2004 . Cranial histology of pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia: Marginocephalia) reveals transitory structures inconsistent with head-butting behaviour . Paleobiology , 30 ( 2 ) : 253 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goth , A . 2007 . Incubation temperatures and sex ratios in Australian brush-turkey (Alectura lathami) mounds . Austral Ecol , 32 ( 4 ) : 278 – 285 .
   Google Scholar
• Gould , JL and Gould , CG . 1989 . Sexual selection , New York (NY) : Scientific American Library .
   Google Scholar
• Green , DJ and Krebs , EA . 1994 . Courtship feeding in ospreys Pandion haliaetus: a critereon for mate assessment? . Ibis , 137 ( 1 ) : 35 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Greer , AE . 1970 . Evolutionary and systematic significance of crocodilian nesting habits . Nature , 227 : 523 – 524 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grellet-Tinner , G . 2001 . An association between a specimen of Deinonychus antirrhopus and theropod eggshells: phylogenetic and behavioural implications . PaleoBios , 21 ( 2 ) : 58 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Grellet-Tinner , G . 2006 . Oology and the evolution of thermophysiology in saurischian dinosaurs: homeotherm and endotherm deinonychosaurians? . Pap Avulsos Zool , 46 ( 1 ) : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Grellet-Tinner , G and Chiappe , LM . 2004 . “ Dinosaur eggs and nesting: implications for understanding the origin of birds ” . In Feathered dragons: studies on the transition from dinosaurs to birds , Edited by: Currie , PJ , Koppelhus , EB , Shugar , MA and Wright , JL . 185 – 214 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grellet-Tinner , G and Makovicky , P . 2006 . A possible egg of the dromeosaur Deinonychus antirrhopus . Can J Earth Sci , 43 ( 6 ) : 705 – 719 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grellet-Tinner , G , Chiappe , L , Norell , M and Bottjer , D . 2006 . Dinosaur nests and nesting behaviours: a paleobiological investigation . Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol , 232 : 294 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grier , JW and Burk , T . 1992 . Biology of animal behavior , 2nd ed , St Louis (MO) : Mosby Year Book .
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths , P . 1993 . The question of Compsognathus eggs . Revue de paleobiologie. Spec , 7 : 85 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Hagen , H , Horn , HG and Hagen , W . 1995 . Zu balz- und kopulationsverhalten des nilwarans (Varanus n. niloticus) – eine fotografische dokumentation . Herpetofauna , 17 ( 98 ) : 29 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Halstead , LB . 1975 . The evolution and ecology of the dinosaurs , London (UK) : Peter Lowe .
   Google Scholar
• Hamerstrom , F . 1986 . Harrier: hawk of the marshes , Washington (DC) : Smithsonian Institute Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton , WD . 1971 . Geometry for the selfish herd . J Theor Biol , 31 : 295 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer , WR and Hickerson , WJ . 1994 . A crested theropod dinosaur from Antarctica . Science , 264 : 828 – 830 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanford , P and Mares , MA . 1985 . The mating systems of ratites and tinamous: an evolutionary perspective . Biol J Linn Soc , 25 ( 1 ) : 77 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Hanna , RC . 2002 . Multiple injury and infection in a sub-adult theropod dinosaur Allosaurus fragilis with comparisons to allosaur pathology in the Cleveland-Lloyd dinosaur quarry collection . J Vert Paleontol , 22 ( 1 ) : 76 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happ , JW and Morrow , CM . 2000 . Evidence of soft tissue associated with nasal and supraorbital horn cores, rostral and exoccipital of Triceratops . J Vert Paleontol , 20 ( 3 ) : 47A
   Google Scholar
• Hartdegen , RW , Russell , MJ , Young , B and Reams , RD . 2001 . Vocalisation of the crocodile skink Tribolonotus gracilis (De Rooy, 1909), and evidence of parental care . Contemp Herptol , 2001 ( 2 ) : 1 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Hasselquist , DS and Sherman , PW . 2001 . Social mating systems and extrapair fertilizations in passerine birds . Behav Ecol , 12 : 457 – 466 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatcher , JB , Marsh , OC and Lull , RS . 1907 . The ceratopsia . US Geol Survey Monog , 49 : 1 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Hatfield , JW . 1996 . Green iguana: the ultimate owners manual , Portland (OR) : Dunthorpe Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hays , H . 1972 . Polyandry in the spotted sandpiper . Living Bird , 11 : 43 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Hecht , J . 1998 . Let me take you under my wing . New Sci , 158 : 22
   Google Scholar
• Heerden , J and Galton , PM . 1997 . The affinities of Melanorosaurus, a late Triassic prosauropod dinosaur from south Africa . N Jb Geol Palaontol Abhandl , 1997 : 39 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Heinrich , WD . 1999 . The taphonomy of dinosaurs from the upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania) based on the field sketches of the German Tengaduru expediton 1909–1913) . Mitt Mus Naturkd Berlin Geowiss Reihe , 2 : 25 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , DM . 2003 . Tipsy punters: sauropod dinosaur pneumaticity, buoyancy and aquatic habitats . Proc R Soc B (Suppl) , 271 : S180 – S183 .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , DM . 2006 . Burly gaits: centers of mass, stability and the trackways of sauropod dinosaurs . J Vert Paleontol , 26 ( 4 ) : 907 – 921 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , C . 1946 . Playtime at the zoo . Zoo Life , 1 : 24 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , GE . 1990 . Female house finches prefer colourful males: sexual selection for a condition-dependent trait . Anim Behav , 40 : 563 – 572 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch , KF . 2001 . “ Pathological amniote eggshell: fossil and modern ” . In Mesozoic vertebrate life , Edited by: Tanke , DE and Carpenter , K . 378 – 392 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hirsch , KF and Zelenitsky , DK . 1997 . “ Dinosaur eggs ” . In The complete dinosaur , Edited by: Farlow , JO and Brett-Surman , MK . 394 – 402 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Holloway , RL . 1979 . “ Brain size, allometry and reorganisation: toward a synthesis ” . In Development and evolution of brain size , Edited by: Hahn , ME . 59 – 88 . New York (NY) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Holtz , TR . 1996 . Phylogenetic taxonomy of the celurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda) . J Paleontol , 70 : 536 – 538 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtz , TR , Molnar , RE and Currie , PJ . 2004 . “ Basal Tetanurae ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weishampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 71 – 110 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hooker , JS . 1987 . Late cretaceous ashfall and the demise of a hadrosaurian ‘herd’ . Geol Soc Am (Rocky Mountain Section) , 19 ( 5 ) : 284
   Google Scholar
• Hopp , TP and Orsen , MJ . 2004 . “ Dinosaur brooding behaviour and the origin of flight feathers ” . In Feathered dragons: studies on the transition from dinosaurs to birds , Edited by: Currie , PJ , Koppelhus , EB , Shugar , MA and Wright , JL . 234 – 250 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hopson , JA . 1972 . Cranial crests of hadrosaurian dinosaurs interpreted as signal structures , Abstract, Am Soc Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Program 52nd Ann Meeting, p. 56
   Google Scholar
• Hopson , JA . 1975 . The evolution of cranial display structures in hadrosaurian dinosaurs . Paleobiology , 1 : 21 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Hopson , JA . 1977 . Relative brain size and behaviour in archosaurian reptiles . Ann Rev Evol Syst , 8 : 429 – 448 .
   Google Scholar
• Horner , JR . 1982 . Evidence of colonial nesting and ‘site fidelity’ among ornithischian dinosaurs . Nature , 297 : 675 – 676 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner , JR . 1984 . The nesting behaviour of dinosaurs . Sci Am , 250 ( 4 ) : 130 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner , JR . 1992 . “ Dinosaur behaviour and growth ” . In Abstracts. Fifth North American Paleontological Conference , Edited by: Spencer , RS . Vol. 6 , 35 Paleont. Soc. Sp. Publ .
   Google Scholar
• Horner , JR . 1995 . Morphology and function of the enclosed narial chambers of lambeosaurid dinosaurs . J Vert Paleontol , 15 : 36A
   Google Scholar
• Horner , JR . 1999 . Egg clutches and embryos of two hadrosaurian dinosaurs . J Vert Paleontol , 19 : 607 – 611 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner , JR . 2000 . Dinosaur reproduction and parenting . Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci , 28 : 19 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner , JR and Makela , R . 1979 . Nest of juveniles provides evidence of family structure among dinosaurs . Nature , 282 : 296 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner , JR and Weishampel , DB . 1988 . A comparative embryological study of two ornithischian dinosaurs . Nature , 332 : 256 – 257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner , JR and Lessem , D . 1993 . The complete T. rex , New York (NY) : Simon and Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Horner , JR and Currie , PJ . 1994 . “ Embryonic and neonatal morphology and ontogeny of a new species of Hypacrosaurus (Ornithischia, Lambeosauridae) from Montana and Alberta ” . In Dinosaur eggs and babies , Edited by: Carpenter , K , Hirsch , KF and Horner , JR . 312 – 336 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Horner , JR , Padian , K and de Ricqles , A . 2001 . Comparative osteohistology of some embryonic and perinatal archosaurs: developmental and behavioural implications for dinosaurs . Paleobiology , 27 : 39 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner , JR , Weishampel , DB and Forster , CA . 2004 . “ Hadrosauridae ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weishampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 438 – 463 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Horner , JR and Goodwin , MB . 2008 . Ontogeny of cranial epi-ossifications in Triceratops . J Vert Paleontol , 28 ( 1 ) : 134 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou , LH , Zhou , Z , Gu , Y and Zhang , H . 1995 . Description of Confuciusornis sanctus . Chinese Sci Bull , 10 : 61 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Hou , LH , Martin , LD , Zhou , ZH and Fedducia , A . 1996 . Early adaptive radiation of birds: evidence from fossils from northeastern China . Science , 274 : 1164 – 1167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes , MA and Hughes , RD . 2006 . Field observation of daytime courtship and mating of the common wombat Vombatus ursinus . Aust Mammol , 28 ( 1 ) : 115 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Hunt , AP and Lucas , SG . 2006 . “ Tetrapod ichnofacies of the cretaceous ” . In Late cretaceous vertebrates from the western interior , New Mexico Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull Edited by: Lucas , SG and Sullivan , RM .
   Google Scholar
• Hutchinson , JR . 2001 . The evolution of pelvic osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neoornithes) . Zool J Linn Soc , 131 : 123 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson , JR and Garcia , M . 2002 . Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner . Nature , 415 : 1018 – 1021 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishigaki , S . 1989 . “ Footprints of swimming sauropods from Morocco ” . In Dinosaur tracks and traces , Edited by: Gillette , DD and Lockley , MG . 83 – 86 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , FD and Varricchio , DJ . 2003 . Abnormal multilayered eggshell in birds: implications for dinosaur reproductive anatomy . J Vert Paleontol , 23 : 699 – 702 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , FD , Garrido , A , Schmitt , JG , Chiappe , LM , Dingus , L and Loope , DB . 2004 . Abnormal multilayered titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) eggs from in situ clutches at the Auca Mahuevo locality, Neuquen Province, Argentina . J Vert Paleontol , 24 ( 4 ) : 913 – 922 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , FD and Schmitt , JG . 2008 . Recognition of vertebrate egg abnormalities in the upper cretaceous fossil record . Cret Res , 29 : 27 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain , SL . 1980 . “ The continental lower Jurassic fauna from the Kota formation, India ” . In Aspects of vertebrate history , Edited by: Jacobs , LL . 99 – 123 . Flagstaff (AZ) : Museum of Northern Arizona Press .
   Google Scholar
• James , FC and Pourtless , JA . 2009 . Cladistics and the origin of birds: a review and two new analyses . Ornithol Monogr , 66 ( 1 ) : 1 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Jerison , HJ . 1973 . Evolution of the brain and intelligence , New York (NY) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ji , Q and Ji , S . 1996 . On discovery of the earliest bird fossil in China and the origin of birds . Chin Geol , 10 ( 233 ) : 30 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Ji , Q and Ji , S . 1997 . A Chinese archaeopterygian, Protarchaeopteryx gen. nov . Geol Sci Tech , 238 : 38 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Ji , Q , Currie , PJ , Norell , MA and Shu-An , J . 1998 . Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China . Nature , 393 : 753 – 761 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji , Q , Chiappe , LM and Ji , S . 1999 . A new late mesozoic confuciusornithid bird from China . J Vert Paleontol , 19 ( 1 ) : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Ji , Q , Norell , MA , Gao , K , Ji , S and Ren , D . 2001 . The distribution of integumentary structures in a feathered dinosaur . Nature , 410 : 1084 – 1087 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji , Q , Ji , S , Lu , J , You , H , Chen , W and Liu , Y . 2005 . First avialan bird from China (Jinfengopteryx elegans gen. et sp. nov.) . Geol Bull China , 24 ( 3 ) : 197 – 205 .
   Google Scholar
• Ji , S , Ji , Q , Lu , J and Yuan , C . 2007 . A new giant compsognathid dinosaur with long filamentous integuments from lower cretaceous of northeastern China . Acta Geol Sinica , 81 ( 1 ) : 8 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Joanen , T and McNease , L . 1971 . Propagation of the American alligator in captivity . Proc Ann Conf Assoc SE Game Fish Comm , 25 : 106 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , DN , Dekker , RWRJ and Roselaar , CS . 1995 . The megapodes , Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , RE , Fitzgerald , KT , Duvall , D and Banker , D . 1979 . On the mechanisms of alternating and simultaneous ovulation in lizards . Herpetologica , 35 ( 2 ) : 132 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Kardong , KV . 1995 . Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution , Dubuque (IO) : Wm C. Brown Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Kavanau , JL . 1987 . Lovebirds, cockatiels, budgerigars: behaviour and evolution , Los Angelos (CA) : Science Software Systems .
   Google Scholar
• Kavanau , JL . 2007 . Roots of avian evolution: clues from relict reproductive behaviours . Sci Res Essay , 2 ( 8 ) : 263 – 294 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaye , TG , Sawlowicz , Z , Gaugler , G and Stipanovic , B . 2006 . Soft tissue surrogates from an SEM survey of fossil material from the Lance and Hell Creek formations . J Vert Paleontol , 26 ( 3 ) : 50A
   Google Scholar
• Kaye , TG , Gaugler , G and Sawlowicz , Z . 2007 . Soft tissues, hard bones: the bacteria connection , Abstract, Geol Soc 41st Ann Meet, Joint South-Central and North-Central Sections, Lawrence, KS, USA
   Google Scholar
• Kaye , TG and Gaugler , G . 2008 . Biofilm micro-environments in dinosaur bone . Geol Soc of America. Abstracts with Programs , 40 ( 6 ) : 296
   Google Scholar
• Kaye , TG , Gaugler , G and Sawlowicz , Z . 2008 . Dinosaurian soft tissues interpreted as bacterial biofilms . PloS ONE , 3 ( 7 ) : e2808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , DA . 2002 . The functional morphology of penile erection: tissue designs for increasing and maintaining stiffness . Integr Comp Biol , 42 : 216 – 221 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly , DA . 2004 . Turtle and mammal penis designs are anatomically convergent . Proc R Soc Lond B (Suppl) , 271 : S293 – S295 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kempenaers , B , Verheyn , G , Van den Broeck , M , Burke , T , Van Broekhoven , C and Dhondt , A . 1992 . Extra-pair paternity results from female preference for high quality males in the blue tit . Nature , 357 : 494 – 496 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kermack , KA . 1951 . A note on the habits of sauropods . Ann Mag Nat Hist , 4 : 830 – 832 .
   Google Scholar
• King , AS . 1981a . “ Phallus ” . In Form and function in birds , Edited by: King , AS and McLelland , J . Vol. 2 , 107 – 147 . London (UK) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• King , AS . 1981b . “ Cloaca ” . In Form and function in birds , Edited by: King , AS and McLelland , J . Vol. 2 , 63 – 105 . London (UK) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• King FW, Thorbjarnarson J, Yamashita C. 1998. Cooperative feeding, a misinterpreted and under-reported behaviour of crocodilians [Internet]. Available from: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/natsci/herpetology/herpbiology/bartram.htm
   Google Scholar
• King , D and Green , B . 1993 . “ Goanna: the biology of varanid lizards ” . Sydney : UNSW Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kingdon , J . 1979 . East African mammals: an atlas of evolution in Africa, volume III: part B (Large Mammals) , Chicago (IL) : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick , M . 1982 . Sexual selection and the evolution of female choice . Evolution , 36 : 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein N. 2004. Bone histology and growth of the prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus engehardti Meyer 1837 from the Norian bonebeds of Trossingen (Germany) and Frick (Switzerland) [dissertation]. Germany: Institute of Paleontology, University of Bonn.
   Google Scholar
• Klein , N and Sander , M . 2008 . Ontogenetic stages in the long bone histology of sauropod dinosaurs . Paleobiology , 34 ( 2 ) : 247 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kluge , AG . 1997 . Testability and the refutation and corroboration of cladistic hypotheses . Cladistics , 13 : 81 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , Y and Lu , JC . 2003 . A new ornithomimid dinosaur with gregarious habits from the late cretaceous of China . Acta Palaeontol Pol , 48 : 235 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodric-Brown , A and Brown , JH . 1984 . Truth in advertising: the kinds of traits favoured by sexual selection . Am Nat , 124 : 309 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kofron , CP . 1991 . Courtship and mating of the nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) . Amphibia-Reptilia , 12 : 39 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Kramer , M and Burghardt , GM . 1998 . Precocious courtship and play in emydid turtles . Ethology , 104 : 38 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krebs , JR and Davies , NB . 1993 . An introduction to behavioural ecology. , 3rd ed , Oxford (UK) : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Kroodsma , DE . 2004 . “ Vocal behaviour ” . In Handbook of bird biology , Edited by: Podulka , S , Rohrbaugh , R and Bonney , R . New York (NY) : Cornell Lab of Ornithology .
   Google Scholar
• Kruger , O . 2005 . The evolution of reversed sexual size dimorphism in hawks, falcons and owls: a comparative study . Evol Ecol , 19 : 467 – 486 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuchel , LJ and Franklin , CE . 2000 . Morphology of the cloaca in the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, and its plastic response to salinity . J Morph , 245 : 168 – 176 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuhme , W . 1963 . Ethology of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana Blumenbach 1797) in captivity . Int Zoo Yearbook , 4 : 113 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Kundrat , M , Cruickshank , ARI , Manning , TW and Nudds , J . 2007 . Embryos of therizinosauroid theropods from the upper cretaceous of China: diagnosis and analysis of ossification patterns . Acta Zool , 88 : 1 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Kurzanov , SM . 1972 . Sexual dimorphism in Protoceratops . Paleontol J , 1972 ( 1 ) : 91 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Kushlan , JA and Kushlan , MS . 1980 . Function of nest attendance in the American alligator . Herpetologica , 36 ( 1 ) : 27 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Lack , D . 1940 . Courtship feeding in birds . Auk , 57 ( 2 ) : 169 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Lack , D . 1968 . Ecological adaptations for breeding in birds , London (UK) : Methuen .
   Google Scholar
• Lake , PE . 1981 . “ Male genital organs ” . In Form and function in birds , Edited by: King , AS and McLelland , J . Vol. 2 , 1 – 61 . London (UK) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lambe , LM . 1914 . On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River formation of Alberta, with a description of a skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon . Ottawa Nat , 28 : 13 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Lance , VA . 1989 . Reproductive cycle of the American alligator . Am Zool , 29 : 999 – 1018 .
   Google Scholar
• Landry , SO . 1992 . Untitled abstract . Am Zool , 32 : 147A
   Google Scholar
• Landry , SO . 1994 . Love's labours lost: mating in large dinosaurs . Abstract, J Morph , 220 : 364
   Google Scholar
• Lang , JW . 1987 . “ Crocodilian behaviour: implications for management ” . In Wildlife management: crocodiles and alligators , Edited by: Webb , GJW , Manolis , SC and Whitehead , PJ . 273 – 294 . Australia : Surrey Beatty & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Lang , JW . 1989 . “ Social behaviour ” . In Crocodiles and alligators , Edited by: Ross , CA . 102 – 117 . New York (NY) : Facts on File .
   Google Scholar
• Langer , MC . 2003 . The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of the stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil) . PaleoBios , 23 ( 2 ) : 1 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Langston , W . 1975 . The ceratopsian dinosaurs and associated lower vertebrates from the St Mary river formation (Maestrichtian) at Scabby Butte, southern Alberta . Can J Earth Sci , 12 : 1576 – 1608 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lariviere , S and Ferguson , SH . 2002 . On the evolution of the mammalian baculum: vaginal friction, prolonged intromission or induced ovulation? . Mammal Rev , 32 ( 4 ) : 283 – 294 .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , PL . 1994 . “ Tyrannosaurus sex ” . In Dino fest , Edited by: Rosenburg , GD and Wolberg , DL . Vol. 7 , 139 – 155 . Paleontological Society Special Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , PL . 1995 . To sex a rex . Australia Nature , 25 ( 2 ) : 46 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , PL . 1997 . “ The king's new clothes: a fresh look at Tyrannosaurus rex ” . In Dinofest international , Edited by: Wolberg , D , Stump , E and Rosenburg , G . 65 – 70 . Philadelphia (PA) : Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , PL . 1998 . The theropod reproductive system . Gaia , 15 : 389 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , PL . 2002 . Rex appeal , Montpelier (VT) : Invisible Cities Press .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , PL and Frey , E . 1992 . Sexual dimorphism in the abundant upper cretaceous theropod Tyrannosaurus rex . J Vert Paleontol Suppl , 3 : 38A
   Google Scholar
• Larsson , HCE , Sereno , PC and Wilson , JA . 2000 . Forebrain enlargement among nonavian theropod dinosaurs . J Vert Paleontol , 20 : 615 – 618 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laws , RM . 1956 . The elephant seal (Mirounga leonina Linn.) paper II: general, social and reproductive behaviour . FIDS Sci Rep , 13 : 1 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Lazell , JD and Spitzer , NC . 1977 . Apparent play in an American alligator . Copeia , 1977 : 188
   Google Scholar
• Leboeuf , BJ . 1972 . Sexual behaviour in the northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris . Behaviour , 41 : 1 – 26 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee , AH and Werning , S . 2008 . Sexual maturity in growing dinosaurs does not fit reptilian growth models . PNAS , 105 ( 2 ) : 582 – 587 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , YN and Huh , M . 2002 . Manus-only sauropod tracks in the Uhangri formation (upper cretaceous), Korea and their paleobiological implications . J Paleontol , 76 ( 3 ) : 558 – 564 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legge , RE . 1967 . Mating behaviour of american alligators Alligator mississippiensis at Manchester zoo . Int Zoo Yearbook , 7 : 179 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Lehman , TM . 1990 . “ The ceratopsian subfamily Chasmosaurinae: sexual dimorphism and systematics ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 211 – 229 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lehman , TM . 1993 . New data on the ceratopsian dinosaur Pentaceratops sternbergii Osborn from New Mexico . J Paleontol , 67 ( 2 ) : 279 – 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Leonardi , G . 1989 . “ Inventory and statistics of the South African dinosaurian ichnofauna and its paleobiological interpretation ” . In Dinosaur tracks and traces , Edited by: Gillette , DD and Lockley , MG . 165 – 178 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lessem , D . 1996 . Bad mother dinosaur . Earth , 4 ( 1996 ) : 22 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Leuthold , W . 1977 . African ungulates , Berlin (Germany) : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Li , R , Lockley , MG , Makovicky , PJ , Matsukawa , M , Norell , MA , Harris , JD and Liu , M . 2007 . Behavoural and faunal implications of early cretaceous deinonychosaur trackways from China . Naturwissenschaften , 95 : 185 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ligon , JD . 1993 . The role of phylogenetic history in the evolution of contemporary avian mating and parental care systems . Curr Ornithol , 10 : 1 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Ligon , JD . 1999 . The evolution of avian breeding systems , Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lindenfors , P , Gittleman , JL and Jones , KE . 2007 . “ Sexual size dimorphism in mammals ” . In Sex, size, and gender roles – evolutionary studies of sexual size dimorphism , Edited by: Fairbairn , DJ , Blanckenhorn , WU and Szekely , T . 16 – 26 . Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lingham-Soliar , T , Broderick , T and Ahmed , AAK . 2003 . Closely associated theropod trackways from the Jurassic of Zimbabwe . Naturewissenschaften , 90 : 572 – 576 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lingham-Soliar , T , Fedducia , A and Wang , Z . 2007 . A new Chinese specimen indicates that ‘protofeathers’ in the early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Sinosauropteryx are degraded collagen fibres . Proc R Soc Biol Sci , 274 ( 1629 ) : 1823 – 1829 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lockley , MG . 1986a . The paleobiological and paleoenvironmental importance of dinosaur footprints . Palaios , 1 : 37 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG . 1986b . A guide to the dinosaur tracksites of the Colorado plateau and the American southwest . Univ Colorado Geol Dept Magazine Spec Issue , 1 : 1 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG . 1990 . “ Dinosaur ontogeny and population structure: interpretations and speculations based on fossil footprints ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 347 – 365 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG . 1991 . Tracking dinosaurs: a new look at an ancient world , Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG . 1994 . “ Dinosaur ontogeny and population structure: interpretations and speculations based on fossil footprints ” . In Dinosaur eggs and babies , Edited by: Carpenter , K , Hirsch , KF and Horner , JR . 347 – 365 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG . 1997 . “ The paleoecological and paleoenvironmental utility of dinosaur tracks ” . In The complete dinosaur , Edited by: Farlow , JO and Brett-Surman , MK . 554 – 578 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG , Young , BH and Carpenter , K . 1983 . Hadrosaur locomotion and herding behaviour: evidence from footprints in the Mesaverde formation, Grand Mesa Coal Field, Colorado . Mountain Geol , 20 ( 1 ) : 5 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG , Houke , K and Prince , NK . 1986 . North America's largest dinosaur tracksite: implications for Morrison formation paleoecology . Geol Soc Am Bull , 97 : 1163 – 1176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG , Meyer , CA , Hunt , AP and Lucas , SG . 1994a . The distribution of sauropod tracks and trackmakers . Gaia , 10 : 233 – 248 .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG , Meyer , C and Santos , VF . 1994b . Trackway evidence for a herd of juvenile sauropods from the late Jurassic of Portugal . Gaia , 10 : 27 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG and Hunt , AP . 1995a . Dinosaur tracks and other footprints of the western United States , New York (NY) : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG and Hunt , AP . 1995b . Ceratopsid tracks and associated ichnofauna from the Laramie formation (upper cretaceous Maastrichtian) of Colorado . J Vert Paleontol , 15 ( 3 ) : 592 – 614 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG , Schulp , AS , Mayer , CA , Leonardi , G and Mamani , GK . 2002a . Titanosaurid trackways from the upper cretaceous of Bolivia: evidence for large manus, wide-gauge locomotion and gregarious behaviour . Cret Res , 23 : 383 – 400 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG , Wright , JL , White , D , Matsukawa , M , Li , J , Feng , L and Li , H . 2002b . The first sauropod trackways from China . Cret Res , 23 : 363 – 381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockley , MG , Holbrook , J , Kukihara , R and Matsukawa , M . 2006 . “ An ankylosaur-dominated dinosaur tracksite in the cretaceous Dakota group of Colorado: paleoenvironmental and sequence stratigraphic context ” . In Late cretaceous vertebrates from the western interior , New Mexico Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull Edited by: Lucas , SG and Sullivan , RM . Vol. 35 , 95 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Lull , RS . 1933 . A revision of the ceratopsia or horned dinosaurs . Mem Peabody Mus Nat Hist , 3 ( 3 ) : 1x – 175x .
   Google Scholar
• Lundrigan , B . 1996 . Morphology of horns and fighting behavior in the family Bovidae . J Mammalogy , 77 : 462 – 475 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutz , D . 2005 . Tuatara: a living fossil , Salem (OR) : Dimi Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lynn , RT . 1965 . A comparative study of display behaviour in Phrynosoma (Iguanidae) . Southwest Nat , 10 : 25 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Madsen , JH . 1976 . Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology . Utah Geol Surv Bull , 109 : 1 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Magliola , L . 1984 . The effects of estrogen on skeletal calcium metabolism and on plasma parameters of vitellogenesis in the male, three-toed box turtle (Terrapene carolina triumquis) . Gen Comp Endocr , 54 : 162 – 170 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Main , RP , de Ricqles , A , Horner , JR and Padian , K . 2005 . The evolution and function of thyreophoran dinosaur scutes: implications for plate function in stegosaurs . Paleobiology , 31 ( 2 ) : 291 – 314 .
   Google Scholar
• Makovicky , PJ and Grellet-Tinner , G . 2000 . Association between theropod eggshell and a specimen of Deinonychus antirrhopus , First International Symposium on Dinosaur Eggs and Babies, Extended Abstracts 123 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Makovicky , PJ , Kobayashi , Y and Currie , PJ . 2004 . “ Ornithomimosauria ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weishampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 137 – 150 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marks , C . 2005 . Wombat sex . Nat Australia , 28 ( 7 ) : 56 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Malecki , IA , Martin , GB and Lindsay , DR . 1997 . Semen production by the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): methods for collection of semen . Poult Sci , 76 : 615 – 621 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martill , DM , Barker , MJ and Dacke , CG . 1996 . Dinosaur nesting or preying? . Nature , 379 : 778
   Google Scholar
• Martin , AJ . 2005 . Introduction to the study of dinosaurs , 2nd ed , London (UK) : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , BGH and Bellairs , ADA . 1977 . The narial exerescence and pterygoid bulla of the gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Crocodilia) . J Zool , 182 : 541 – 558 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marty , D , Hug , WA , Iberg , A , Cavin , L , Meyer , CA and Lockley , MG . 2003 . Preliminary report on the Courtedoux dinosaur tracksite from the Kimmeridgian of Switzerland . Ichnos , 10 : 209 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Maryanska , T , Chapman , RE and Weishampel , DB . 2004 . “ Pachycephalosauria ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weishampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 464 – 477 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mateus , O . 1998 . Lourinhanosaurus antunesi, a new upper Jurassic allosauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Lourinhã (Portugal) . Mem Acad Ciênc Lisb , 37 : 111 – 124 .
   Google Scholar
• Mathews , JC , Brusatte , SL , Williams , SA and Henderson , MD . 2009 . The first Triceratops bonebed and its implications for gregarious behaviour . J Vert Paleontol , 29 ( 1 ) : 286 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsukawa , M , Hamuro , T , Mizukami , T and Fujii , S . 1997 . First trackway evidence of gregarious dinosaurs from the lower cretaceous Tetori group of eastern Toyama Prefecture, central Japan . Cret Res , 18 ( 4 ) : 603 – 619 .
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell , WD and Ostrom , JH . 1995 . Taphonomy and paleobiological implications of Tenontosaurus–Deinonychus associations . J Vert Paleontol , 15 ( 4 ) : 707 – 712 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayr , G , Peters , SD , Plodowski , G and Vogel , O . 2002 . Bristle-like integumentary structures at the tail of the horned dinosaur Psittacosaurus . Naturwissenschaften , 89 : 361 – 365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCracken , KG . 2000 . The 20-cm spiny penis of the Argentine lake duck (Oxyura vittata) . Auk , 117 ( 3 ) : 820 – 825 .
   Google Scholar
• McCracken , KG , Wilson , RE , McCracken , PJ and Johnson , KP . 2001 . Are ducks impressed by drakes' display? . Nature , 413 : 128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrea , RT and Currie , PJ . 1998 . “ A preliminary report on dinosaur tracksites in the lower cretaceous (Albion) Gates formation near Grande Cache, Alberta ” . In Lower and middle cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems , New Mexico Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull Edited by: Lucas , S , Kirkland , JI and Estep , JW .
   Google Scholar
• McIlhenny , EA . 1935 . The alligator's life history , Boston (MA) : Christopher Publishing House .
   Google Scholar
• McKinney , F , Derrickson , SR and Mineau , P . 1983 . Forced copulation in waterfowl . Behaviour , 86 : 250 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKitrick , MC . 1992 . Phylogenetic analysis of avian parental care . Auk , 109 ( 4 ) : 828 – 846 .
   Google Scholar
• McWhinney , L , Matthias , A and Carpenter , K . 2004 . Corticated pressure erosions or ‘pitting’ in osteodermal ankylosaur armour . J Vert Paleontol , 24 ( 3 ) : 92A
   Google Scholar
• Meister , W . 1951 . Changes in histological structure of the long bones of birds during the molt . Anat Rec , 3 ( 1 ) : 1 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Meng , Q , Liu , J , Varricchio , DJ , Huang , T and Gao , C . 2004 . Parental care in an ornithischian dinosaur . Nature , 431 : 145 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , WE , Horrocks , RD and Madsen , JH . 1996 . The Cleveland-Lloyd dinosaur quarry, Emery County, Utah: a US natural landmark . Brigham Young Univ Geol Stud , 41 : 3 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Mlot , C . 1997 . Return of the tuatara . Sci News , 152 ( 19 ) : 301 – 303 .
   Google Scholar
• Modha , ML . 1967 . The ecology of the nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus laurenti) on Central Island, Lake Rudolph . E Afr Wildl J , 5 : 74 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Moehn , LD . 1984 . Courtship and copulation in the timor monitor, Varanus timorensis . Herp Rev , 15 ( 1 ) : 14 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Møller , AP . 1988 . Testes size, ejaculate quality and sperm competition in birds . Biol J Linn Soc , 33 : 273 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller , AP and Briskie , JV . 1995 . Extra-pair paternity, sperm competition and the evolution of testis size in birds . Behav Ecol Sociobiol , 36 : 357 – 365 .
   Google Scholar
• Møller , AP and Tegelstroem , H . 1997 . Extra-pair paternity and tail ornamentation in the barn swallow Hirundo rustica . Behav Ecol Sociobiol , 41 ( 5 ) : 353 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Molnar , RE . 1977 . Analogies in the evolution of combat and display structures in ornithopods and ungulates . Evol Theory , 3 : 165 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Molnar , RE . 1991 . The cranial morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex . Paleontographica , 217 : 137 – 176 .
   Google Scholar
• Molnar , RE . 2001 . “ Therpod paleopathology: a literature survey ” . In Mesozoic vertebrate life , Edited by: Tanke , DE and Carpenter , K . 337 – 363 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Molnar , RE . 2005 . “ Sexual selection and sexual dimorphism in theropods ” . In The carnivorous dinosaurs , Edited by: Carpenter , K . 284 – 312 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Moodie , RL . 1930 . The dinosaurs of Wyoming . Wyoming Geol Surv Bull , 22 : 1 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Mora , JM . 1991 . Comparative grouping behaviour of juvenile ctenosaurs and iguanas . J Herp , 25 ( 2 ) : 244 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Moratalla , JJ and Powell , JE . 1994 . “ Dinosaur nesting patterns ” . In Dinosaur eggs and babies , Edited by: Carpenter , K , Hirsch , KF and Horner , JR . 37 – 46 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morell , V . 1987 . Announcing the birth of a heresy: new theories on dinosaurs . Discover , 8 : 26 – 51 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moreno , K and Benton , MJ . 2005 . Occurrence of sauropod dinosaur tracks in the upper Jurassic of Chile (redescription of Iguanodonichnus frenki) . J South Am Earth Sci , 20 : 253 – 257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , WJ . 1978 . Hypacrosaurus altispinus? Brown from the Two Medicine Formation, Montana: a taxonomically indeterminate specimen . J Paleontol , 52 ( 1 ) : 200 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulder , RA and Cockburn , A . 1993 . Sperm competition and the reproductive anatomy of male superb fairy-wrens . Auk , 110 : 588 – 593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , TS and Fiorillo , AR . 2009 . Evidence for gregarious behaviour and age segregation in sauropod dinosaurs . Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol , 274 : 96 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myhrvold , NP and Currie , PJ . 1997 . Supersonic sauropods? Tail dynamics in the diplodocids . Paleobiology , 23 ( 4 ) : 393 – 409 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nopcsa , FB . 1929 . Sexual differences in ornithopodous dinosaurs . Paleobiologica , 2 : 187 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Norell , MA , Clark , JM , Demberelyin , D , Rhinchen , B , Chiappe , LM , Davidson , AR , McKenna , MC , Altangerel , P and Novacek , MJ . 1994 . A theropod dinosaur and the affinities of the Flaming Cliffs dinosaur eggs . Science , 266 : 779 – 782 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norell , MA , Clark , JM , Chiappe , LM and Dashzeveg , D . 1995 . A nesting dinosaur . Nature , 378 : 774 – 776 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norell , MA , Clark , JM and Chiappe , LM . 2001 . An embryonic oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the upper cretaceous of Mongolia . Am Mus Novitates , 3315 : 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Norell , MA , Ji , Q , Gao , K , Yuan , C , Zhao , Y and Wang , L . 2002 . ‘Modern’ feathers on a non-avian dinosaur . Nature , 416 : 36 – 37 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norman , D . 1985 . The illustrated encylopedia of dinosaurs , London (UK) : Salamander Books .
   Google Scholar
• Norman , DB . 1980 . On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from the lower cretaceous of Bernissart (Belgium) . L'Institut Royal des Scienes Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels. Memoire No. 178
   Google Scholar
• Norman , DB . 1987 . A mass accumulation of vertebrates from the lower cretaceous of Nehden (Sauerland), West Germany . Proc R Soc Lond B , 230 : 15 – 255 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norman , DB . 2004 . “ Basal Iguanodontia ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weishampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 413 – 437 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum , RA and Schultz , DL . 1989 . Coevolution of parental care and egg size . Am Nat , 133 ( 4 ) : 591 – 603 .
   Google Scholar
• Nyland , KB , Lombardo , MP and Thorpe , PA . 2003 . Left sided directional bias of cloacal contacts during house sparrow copulations . Wilson Bull , 115 ( 4 ) : 470 – 473 .
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira , CA , Silva , RM , Santos , MM and Mahecha , GAB . 2004 . Location of the ureteral openings in the cloacas of tinamous, some ratite birds, and crocodilians: a primitive character . J Morph , 260 : 234 – 246 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oliveira , CA and Mahecha , GA . 2000 . Morphology of the copulatory apparatus of the spotted tinamou Nothura maculosa (Aves: Tinmaniformes) . Ann Anat , 182 ( 2 ) : 161 – 169 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Organ , CL . 2006 . Biomechanics of ossified tendons in ornithopod dinosaurs . Paleobiology , 32 ( 4 ) : 652 – 665 .
   Google Scholar
• Orians , GH . 1969 . On the evolution of mating systems of birds and mammals . Am Nat , 103 : 589 – 603 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oring , LW . 1982 . Avian mating systems . Avian Biol , 6 : 1 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Oring , LW . 1986 . Avian polyandry . Curr Ornithol , 3 : 309 – 351 .
   Google Scholar
• Oring , LW , Lank , DB and Maxson , SJ . 1983 . Population studies of the polyandrous spotted sandpiper . Auk , 100 : 272 – 285 .
   Google Scholar
• Ortega , J and Arita , HT . 2000 . Defence of females by dominant males of Artibeus jamaicensis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) . Ethology , 106 : 395 – 407 .
   Google Scholar
• Osborn , HF . 1924 . Three new theropoda, protoceratops zone, central Mongolia . Am Mus Novitates , 144 : 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom , JH . 1962 . The cranial crests of hadrosaurs . Postilla , 62 : 1 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom , JH . 1969 . Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the lower cretaceous of Montana . Bull Peabody Mus Nat Hist , 30 : 1 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom , JH . 1972 . Were some dinosaurs gregarious? . Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol , 11 : 287 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrom , JH and McIntosh , JS . 1966 . Marsh's dinosaurs: the collections from Como Bluff , New Haven (CT) : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom , JH and Wellnhofer , P . 1990 . “ Triceratops: an example of flawed systematics ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Owen-Smith , N . 1972 . Territoriality: the example of the white rhinoceros . Zool Africa , 7 : 273 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Owens , IPF . 2002 . Male-only care and classical polyandry in birds: phylogeny, ecology and sex differences in remating opportunities . Phil Trans R Soc Lond B , 357 : 283 – 293 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owens , IPF and Hartley , IR . 1998 . Sexual dimorphism in birds: why are there so many different forms of dimorphism? . Proc R Soc Lond B , 265 : 397 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packard , GC , Tracy , CR and Roth , JJ . 1977 . The physiological ecology of reptilian eggs and embryos, and the evolution of viviparity within the class Reptilia . Biol Rev , 52 : 71 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packer , C . 1983 . Sexual dimorphism: the horns of African antelopes . Science , 221 : 1191 – 1193 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Padian , K , Horner , J and Lee , A . 2005 . Sexual dimorphism in dinosaurs? A review of the evidence . J Vert Paleontol , 25 ( 3 ) : 98A
   Google Scholar
• Paladino , FV , Dodson , P , Hammond , JK and Spotila , JR . 1989 . “ Temperature-dependent sex determination in dinosaurs? Implications for population dynamics and extinction ” . In Paleobiology of the dinosaurs , Edited by: Farlow , JO . Vol. 238 , 63 – 70 . Geol Soc Am Spec Paper .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , BD and Guillette , LJ . 1992 . Alligators provide evidence for the evolution of an archosaurian mode of oviparity . Biol Reprod , 46 : 39 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson , AM , Wallis , GP and Gray , RD . 1995 . Penguins, petrels, and parsimony: does cladistic analysis of behaviour reflect seabird phylogeny? . Evolution , 49 ( 5 ) : 974 – 989 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paton , PWC , Messina , FJ and Griffin , CR . 1994 . A phylogenetic approach to reversed sexual dimorphism in diurnal raptors . Oikos , 71 : 492 – 498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrins , CM . 1990 . The illustrated encylopedia of birds: the definitive guide to birds of the world , London (UK) : Headline Book Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Perrins , CM . 2003 . The new encyclopedia of birds: the definitive guide to birds of the world , Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Perry , JS . 1953 . The structure and development of the reproductive organs of the female African elephant . Phil Trans R Soc Lond , 248 : 35 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Petersen , AD , Lombardo , MP and Power , HW . 2001 . Left-sided directional bias of cloacal contacts during tree swallow copulations . Anim Behav , 62 ( 4 ) : 739 – 741 .
   Google Scholar
• Petrie , M and Halliday , T . 1994 . Experimental and natural changes in the peacock's (Pavo cristatus) train can affect mating success . Behav Ecol Sociobiol , 35 : 213 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pittman , JG . 1989 . “ Stratigraphy, lithology, depositational environment and track type of dinosaur track bearing beds of the Gulf Coast Plain ” . In Dinosaur tracks and traces , Edited by: Gillette , DD and Lockley , MG . 135 – 153 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Podulka , S . 2004 . “ Winnows, snaps and spring thunder: nonvocal sounds ” . In Handbook of bird biology , Edited by: Podulka , S , Rohrbaugh , R and Bonney , R . New York (NY) : Cornell Lab of Ornithology .
   Google Scholar
• Polis , GA . 1984 . Age structure component of niche width and intraspecies resource partitioning: can age groups function as ecological species? . Am Nat , 123 ( 4 ) : 541 – 564 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poole , WE and Pilton , PE . 1964 . Reproduction in the grey kangaroo, Macropus canguru, in captivity . CSIRO Wildl Res , 9 : 218 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Pooley , AC and Gans , C . 1976 . The nile crocodile . Sci Am , 234 ( 4 ) : 114 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pooley , AC . 1982 . Discoveries of a crocodile man , London (UK) : Collins .
   Google Scholar
• Pooley , AC . 1989 . “ Food and feeding habits ” . In Crocodiles and alligators , Edited by: Ross , CA . 76 – 91 . New York (NY) : Facts on File .
   Google Scholar
• Pooley , AC and Ross , CA . 1989 . “ Mortality and predators ” . In Crocodiles and alligators , Edited by: Ross , CA . 92 – 101 . New York (NY) : Facts on File .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , JS . 1998 . Sexual dimorphism in archosaurs: testing the limits of extant phylogenetic bracket methodology . J Vert Paleontol , 18 : 70A
   Google Scholar
• Powell JS. 2000. Sexual dimorphism in archosaurs: a phylogenetic, morphological and morphometric approach [dissertation]. Washington (DC): George Washington University.
   Google Scholar
• Pribil , S and Picman , J . 1996 . Polygyny in the red-winged blackbird – do females prefer monogamy or polygamy? . Behav Ecol Sociobiol , 38 ( 3 ) : 183 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Price , T and Birch , GL . 1996 . Repeated evolution of sexual colour dimorphism in passerine birds . Auk , 113 ( 4 ) : 842 – 848 .
   Google Scholar
• Prieto-Marquez , A , Gignac , P , Joshi , S and Erickson , GM . 2005 . Testing the utility of osteological correlates purported to reflect gender in non-avian dinosaurs . J Vert Paleontol , 25 ( 3 ) : 101A
   Google Scholar
• Prieto-Marquez , A , Gignac , P and Joshi , S . 2007 . Neontological evaluation of pelvic skeletal attributes purported to reflect sex in extinct non-avian archosaurs . J Vert Paleontol , 27 ( 3 ) : 603 – 609 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pritchard , PCH . 1994 . Cladism: the great delusion . Herp Rev , 25 ( 3 ) : 103 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Proctor , NS and Lynch , PJ . 1993 . Manual of ornithology: avian structure and function , New Haven (CT) : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Prum , RO . 2002 . Why ornithologists should care about the theropod origin of birds . Auk , 119 : 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi , Z , Barrett , PM and Eberth , DA . 2007 . Social behaviour and mass mortality in the basal ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus (Early Cretaceous, People's Republic of China) . Palaeontology , 50 ( 5 ) : 1023 – 1029 .
   Google Scholar
• Raath , MA . 1990 . “ Morphological variation in small theropods and its meaning in systematics: evidence from Syntarsus rhodesiensis ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 91 – 105 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ralls , K . 1976 . Mammals in which females are larger than males . Quart Rev Biol , 51 ( 2 ) : 245 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ralls , K . 1977 . Sexual dimorphism in mammals: avian models and unanswered questions . Am Nat , 111 : 917 – 938 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rand , AS . 1961 . A suggested function of the ornamentation of east African forest chameleons . Copeia , 4 : 411 – 414 .
   Google Scholar
• Rauhut , OWM and Fechner , R . 2005 . Early development of the facial region in a non-avian theropod dinosaur . Proc R Soc B , 272 : 1179 – 1183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reese , AM . 1915 . The alligator and its allies , New York (NY) : Knickerbocker Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reese , AM . 1921 . The structure and development of the integumental glands of the crocodilia . J Morph , 35 : 581 – 610 .
   Google Scholar
• Reese , AM . 1924 . The structure and development of the intromittent organ of the crocodilia . J Morph , 38 ( 3 ) : 301 – 313 .
   Google Scholar
• Reese , AM . 1931 . The ways of the alligator . Sci Monthly , 33 : 321 – 335 .
   Google Scholar
• Reid , REH . 1997 . “ How dinosaurs grew ” . In The complete dinosaur , Edited by: Farlow , JO and Brett-Surman , MK . 403 – 413 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reisz , RR and Sues , HD . 2000 . The ‘feathers’ of Longisquama . Nature , 408 : 428
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reisz , RR , Scott , D , Sues , HD , Evans , DC and Raath , MA . 2005 . Embryos of an early Jurassic prosauropod dinosaur and their evolutionary significance . Science , 309 : 761 – 764 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richmond , DR and Morris , TH . 1996 . The dinosaur death trap of the Cleveland-Lloyd quarry, Emery County, Utah . Bull Mus Northern Arizona , 60 : 533 – 545 .
   Google Scholar
• Riede , T , Beckers , GJL , Blevin , W and Suthers , RA . 2004 . Inflation of the esophagus and vocal tract filtering in ring doves . J Exp Biol , 207 : 4025 – 4036 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivas , JA and Levin , L . 2004 . “ Sex differential antipredator behaviour in juvenile green iguanas, Iguana iguana: evidence for fraternal care ” . In Behaviour, diversity and conservation of iguanas , Edited by: Alberts , AC , Carter , RL , Hayes , WK and Martins , EP . 119 – 126 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Roach , BT and Brinkman , DL . 2007 . A re-evaluation of cooperative pack hunting and gregariousness in Deinonychus antirrhopus and other nonavian theropod dinosaurs . Bull Peabody Mus Nat Hist , 48 ( 1 ) : 103 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-de la Rosa , RA . 2007 . “ Hadrosaurian footprints from the late cretaceous Cerro Del Pueblo formation of Coahuila, Mexico ” . In Fourth European Meeting on the Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Latin America , Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, No. 8 Edited by: Diaz-Martinez , E and Rabano , I . 339 – 343 . Madrid : Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana .
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Dominguez , MA and Molina-Borja , M . 1998 . Reproduction of the endangered hierro giant lizard Gallotia simonyi machadoi . J Herp , 32 ( 4 ) : 498 – 504 .
   Google Scholar
• Rogers , JV . 2002 . Theropod dinosaur trackways in the lower cretaceous (Albion) Glen Rose formation, Kinney County, Texas . Texas J Sci , 54 ( 2 ) : 133 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Rogers , RR . 1990 . Taphonomy of three dinosaur bone beds in the upper cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of northwestern Montana . Palaios , 5 : 394 – 413 .
   Google Scholar
• Rogers , RR , Kraus , DW , Rogers , KC , Rasoamiaramanana , AH and Rahantarisoa , L . 2007 . Paleoenvironment and paleoecology of Majungasaurus crenatissmus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the late cretaceous of Madagascar . J Vert Paleontol. 27, Memoir , 8 : 21 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Rohwer , S . 1985 . Dyed birds achieve higher social status than controls in Harris' sparrows . Anim Behav , 33 : 1325 – 1331 .
   Google Scholar
• Romer , AS . 1933 . Vertebrate paleontology , Chicago (IL) : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Romer , AS . 1956 . Osteology of the reptiles , Chicago (IL) : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rootes , WL and Chabreck , RH . 1993 . Cannibalism in the American alligator . Herpetologica , 49 : 99 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothschild , BM . 1994 . “ Paleopathology and the sexual habits of dinosaurs, as derived from study of their fossil remains ” . In Dino fest , Paleontological Society Special Publication No. 7 Edited by: Rosenburg , GD and Wolberg , DL . 275 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild , BM . 1997 . “ Dinosaurian paleopathology ” . In The complete dinosaur , Edited by: Farlow , JO and Brett-Surman , MK . 426 – 448 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild , BM and Berman , DS . 1991 . Fusion of caudal vertebrae in Late Jurassic sauropods . J Vert Paleontol , 11 ( 1 ) : 29 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild , BM and Tanke , D . 1991 . Paleopathology of vertebrates: insights to lifestyle and health in the geological record . Geosci Canada , 19 ( 2 ) : 73 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild , BM and Tanke , D . 1997 . “ Thunder in the cretaceous: interspecies conflict as evidence for ceratopsian migration? ” . In Dinofest international , Edited by: Wolberg , D , Stump , E and Rosenburg , G . 77 – 81 . Philadelphia (PA) : Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia .
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild , BM and Molnar , RE . 2005 . “ Sauropod stress fractures as clues to activity ” . In Thunder-lizards: the sauropodomorph dinosaurs , Edited by: Tidwell , V and Carpenter , K . 381 – 392 . Bloomingdale (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Roughgarden , J , Oisho , M and Akcay , E . 2006 . Reproductive social behaviour: cooperative games to replace sexual selection . Science , 311 : 965 – 969 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe , T . 1989 . A new species of the theropod dinosaur Syntarsus from the early Jurassic Kayenta formation of Arizona . J Vert Paleontol , 9 ( 2 ) : 125 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• Ruben , JA , Hillenius , WJ , Geist , NR , Leitch , A , Jones , TD , Currie , PJ , Horner , JR and Espe , G . 1996 . The metabolic status of some late cretaceous dinosaurs . Science , 273 : 1204 – 1207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruben , JA , Jones , TD and Geist , NR . 2003 . Respiratory and reproductive paleophysiology of dinosaurs and early birds . Physiol Biochem Zool , 76 ( 2 ) : 141 – 164 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ryan , MJ , Russell , AP , Eberth , DA and Currie , PJ . 2001 . The taphonomy of a Centrosaurus (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) bone bed from the dinosaur park formation (Upper Campanian), Alberta, Canada, with comments on cranial ontogeny . Palaios , 16 : 482 – 506 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sales , J . 2005 . The endangered kiwi: a review . Folia Zool , 54 ( 1–2 ) : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Salgado , L and Bonaparte , JF . 1991 . Un nuevo sauropodo Dicraeosauridae, Amargasaurus cazaui gen. et sp. nov., de la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina . Ameghiniana , 28 : 333 – 346 .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , SD . 1995a . Two new horned dinosaurs from the upper cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana; with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) . J Vert Paleontol , 15 ( 4 ) : 743 – 760 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson , SD . 1995b . Horns, herds and hierarchies . Nat Hist , 104 ( 6 ) : 36 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , S . 1997a . “ Dinosaur combat and courtship ” . In The complete dinosaur , Edited by: Farlow , JO and Brett-Surman , MK . 383 – 393 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , S . 1997b . “ Bizarre structures and dinosaur evolution ” . In Dinofest international , Edited by: Wolberg , D , Stump , E and Rosenburg , G . 39 – 45 . Philadelphia (PA) : Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , SD . 1999 . Sex and destiny: the role of mating signals in speciation and macroevolution . Hist Biol , 13 : 173 – 197 .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , SD . 2001 . “ Speculations on the socioecology of ceratopsid dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Neoceratopsia) ” . In Mesozoic vertebrate life , Edited by: Tanke , DE and Carpenter , K . 263 – 276 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , SD , Witmer , LM , Forster , CA , Krause , DW , O'Connor , PM , Dodson , P and Ravoavy , F . 1998 . Predatory dinosaur remains from Madagascar: implications for the cretaceous biogeography of Gondwana . Science , 280 : 1048 – 1051 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson , SD and Forster , C . 2001 . Parallel evolution in hadrosaurid and ceratopsid dinosaurs . J Vert Paleontol , 21 ( 3 ) : 96A
   Google Scholar
• Sander , PM , Peitz , C , Gallemi , J and Cousin , R . 1998 . Dinosaurs nesting on a red beach? . Earth Planet Sci , 327 : 67 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanders , RK and Smith , DK . 2005 . The endocranium of the theropod dinosaur Ceratosaurus studied with computed tomography . Acta Palaeontol Pol , 50 ( 3 ) : 601 – 616 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sans , JL , Moratalla , JJ , Diaz-Molina , M , Lopez-Martinez , N , Kalin , O and Vianey-Liaud , M . 1995 . Dinosaur nests at the sea shore . Nature , 376 : 731 – 732 .
   Google Scholar
• Santos , VF , Lockley , MG , Meyer , CA , Carvalho , J , Galopim de Carvalho , AM and Moratalla , JJ . 1994 . A new sauropod tracksite from the middle Jurassic of Portugal . Gaia , 10 : 5 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanvito , S , Galimberti , F and Miller , EH . 2007 . Having a big nose: structure, ontogeny and function of the elephant seal proboscis . Can J Zool , 85 ( 2 ) : 207 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Sato , T , Cheng , Y , Wu , X , Zelenitsky , DK and Hsiao , Y . 2005 . A pair of shelled eggs inside a female dinosaur . Science , 308 : 375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauer , EGF and Sauer , EM . 1966 . The behaviour and ecology of the south African ostrich . Living Bird , 5 : 45 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Schaffer , NE , Foley , GL , Gill , S and Pope , CE . 2001 . Clinical implications of rhinoceros reproductive tract anatomy and histology . J Zoo Wildl Med , 32 ( 1 ) : 31 – 46 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaller , GB and Crawshaw , PG . 1982 . Fishing behaviour of Paraguayan caiman (Caiman crocodilus) . Copeia , 1982 ( 1 ) : 66 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Schnell , GD , Worthen , GL and Douglas , ME . 1985 . Morphometric assessment of sexual dimorphism in skeletal elements of California gulls . Condor , 87 : 484 – 493 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulp , AS and Brokx , WA . 1999 . Maastrichtian sauropod footprints from the Fumanya site, Bergueda, Spain . Ichnos , 6 : 239 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Schulp , AS , Al-Wosabi , M and Stevens , NJ . 2008 . First dinosaur tracks from the Arabian Peninsula . PloS ONE , 3 ( 5 ) : e2243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte , TL . 1937 . The genito-urinary system of the Elephas indicus male . Am J Anat , 61 ( 1 ) : 131 – 157 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz , HL and Gillette , DD . 1994 . Geology and taphonomy of the Coelophysis quarry, upper Triassic Chinle formation, ghost ranch, New Mexico . J Paleontol , 68 ( 5 ) : 1118 – 1130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweitzer , MH , Wittmeyer , JH and Horner , JR . 2005a . Gender-specific reproductive tissue in ratites and Tyrannosaurus rex . Science , 308 : 1456 – 1460 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweitzer , MH , Wittmeyer , JH , Horner , JR and Toporski , JK . 2005b . Soft tissue vessels and cellular preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex . Science , 307 : 1952 – 1955 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweitzer , MH , Elsey , RM , Dacke , CG , Horner , JR and Lamm , ET . 2007 . Do egg-laying crocodilian (Alligator mississippiensis) archosaurs form medullary bone? . Bone , 40 ( 4 ) : 1152 – 1158 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Searchy , WA , Yasukawa , K and Lanyon , S . 1999 . Evolution of polygyny in the ancestors of red-winged blackbirds . Auk , 116 ( 1 ) : 5 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Seebacher , F . 2003 . Dinosaur body temperatures: the occurrence of endothermy and ectothermy . Paleobiology , 29 ( 1 ) : 105 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Senter , P . 2008 . Homology between and antiquity of stereotyped communicatory behaviours of crocodilians . J Herp , 42 ( 2 ) : 354 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Senter , P . 2009 . Voices of the past: a review of paleozoic and mesozoic animal sounds . Hist Biol , 20 ( 4 ) : 255 – 287 .
   Google Scholar
• Seshardi , C . 1959 . Functional morphology of the cloaca of Varanus monitor in relation to water economy . Proc Nat Inst B Sci , 25 ( 2 ) : 101 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Sever , DM and Hamlett , WC . 2002 . Female sperm storage in reptiles . J Exp Zool , 292 : 187 – 199 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seymour , RS . 1976 . Dinosaurs, endothermy and blood pressure . Nature , 262 : 207 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour , RS . 1979 . Dinosaur eggs: gas conductance through the shell, water loss during incubation and clutch size . Paleobiology , 5 : 1 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour , RS and Lillywhite , HB . 2000 . Hearts, neck posture and metabolic intensity of sauropod dinosaurs . Proc R Soc Lond B , 267 : 1883 – 1887 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shadle , AR . 1946 . Copulation in the porcupine . J Wildl Mgmt , 10 ( 2 ) : 159 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Shadle , AR , Smelzer , M and Metz , M . 1946 . The sex reactions of porcupines (Erethizon d. dorsatum) before and after copulation . J Mammal , 27 ( 2 ) : 116 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharman , GB and Calaby , JH . 1964 . Reproductive behaviour in the red kangaroo, Megaleia rufa, in captivity . CSIRO Wildl Res , 9 : 58 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Shine , R . 1988 . “ Parental care in reptiles ” . In Biology of the reptilia , Edited by: Gans , C and Huey , RB . Vol. 16 , 275 – 329 . New York (NY) : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Short , RV , Mann , T and Hay , MF . 1967 . Male reproductive organs of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana . J Reprod Fert , 13 : 517 – 536 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silver , R , Andrews , H and Ball , GF . 1985 . Parental care in an ecological perspective: a quantitative analysis of avian subfamilies . Am Zool , 25 : 823 – 840 .
   Google Scholar
• Simkiss , K . 1967 . Calcium in reproductive physiology , New York (NY) : Rheinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Slade , H . 1903 . On the mode of copulation of the Indian elephant . Proc Zool Soc Lond , 1903 : 111 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , DK . 1998 . A morphometric analysis of Allosaurus . J Vert Paleontol , 18 ( 1 ) : 126 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , SM . 1982 . Raptor ‘reverse’ dimorphism revisited: a new hypothesis . Oikos , 39 ( 1 ) : 118 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , SM . 1988 . Extra-pair copulations in black-capped chickadees: the role of the female . Behavior , 107 ( 1–2 ) : 15 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , JM and Ridpath , MG . 1972 . Wife sharing in the Tasmanian native hen, Tribonyx mortierii: a case of kin selection? . Am Nat , 106 : 447 – 452 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , ND , Makovicky , PJ , Hammer , WR and Currie , PJ . 2007 . Ostelogy of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution . Zool J Linn Soc , 151 ( 2 ) : 377 – 421 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snively , E and Cox , A . 2008 . Structural mechanics of pachycephalosaur crania permitted head-butting behaviour . Palaeontol Electron , 11 ( 1 ) : 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soley , JT and Groenewald , HB . 1999 . “ Reproduction ” . In The ostrich: biology, production and health , Edited by: Deeming , DC . Oxford (UK) : CABI Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Solomon , SE . 1997 . Egg and eggshell quality , Ames (IA) : Manson Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Sparks , J . 1977 . The sexual connection: mating the wild way , Vancouver (Canada) : David & Charles .
   Google Scholar
• Spassov , NB . 1979 . Sexual selection and the evolution of horn-like structures of ceratopsian dinosaurs . Paleontol Stratigr Lithol , 11 : 37 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Spassov , NB . 1982 . The bizzare dorsal plates of Stegosaurus: ethological approach . CR Acad Bulg Sci , 35 : 367 – 370 .
   Google Scholar
• Spotila , JR , O'Connor , MP , Dodson , P and Paladino , FV . 1991 . Hot and cold running dinosaurs: body size, metabolism and migration . Mod Geol , 16 : 203 – 277 .
   Google Scholar
• Standora , EA and Spotila , JR . 1985 . Temperature dependent sex determination in sea turtles . Copeia , 1985 ( 3 ) : 711 – 722 .
   Google Scholar
• Starck , JM . 1996 . Comparative morphology and cytokinetics of skeletal growth in hatchlings of altricial and precocial birds . Zool Anz , 235 : 53 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starck , JM and Ricklefs , RE . 1998 . Avian growth and development: evolution within the altricial–precocial spectrum , New York (NY) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Staton , MA and Dixon , JR . 1977 . Breeding biology of the spectacled caiman, Caiman crocodilus crocodilus, in the Venezuelan Llanos . Fish Wildl Serv Rep , 5 : 1 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Staton , MA . 1978 . ‘Distress calls’ of crocodilians: whom do they benefit? . Am Nat , 112 : 327 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel , R . 1969 . Ornithischia . Hdbk Palaeoherpetol , 15 : 1 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Steel , R . 1989 . Crocodiles , London (UK) : Christopher Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg , CM . 1935 . Hooded hadrosaurs of the Belly River series of the upper cretaceous . Bull Natl Mus Can , 77 : 1 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg , CM . 1970 . Comments on dinosaurian preservation in the cretaceous of Alberta and Wyoming . Nat Mus Canada Pub Pal , 4 : 1 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , KA and Parrish , JM . 1999 . Neck posture and feeding habits of two Jurassic sauropod dinosaurs . Science , 284 : 798 – 800 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart , BS . 1997 . Ontogeny of differential migration and sexual segregation in northern elephant seals . J Mamm , 78 ( 4 ) : 1101 – 1116 .
   Google Scholar
• Stokes , AW and Williams , HW . 1972 . Courtship feeding calls in gallinaceous birds . Auk , 89 ( 1 ) : 177 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Stokstad , E . 2001 . Mysterious e-photos vex paleontologists . Science , 293 : 1573
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stokstad , E . 2003 . Hulking dinosaurs were buoyant but unseaworthy . Science , 302 : 549
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stokstad , E . 2005 . Dinosaur embryos hint at evolution of giants . Science , 309 : 679
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stokstad , E . 2006a . Crestfallen: sexually dimorphic no more . Science , 314 : 921
   Google Scholar
• Stokstad , E . 2006b . Soft tissue in dinosaur fossils? The evidence hardens . Science , 314 : 920
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sues , HD . 1978 . Functional morphology of the dome in pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs . Neues Jahrb Geol Palantol Monatsh , 1978 : 459 – 472 .
   Google Scholar
• Sues , HD . 2001 . Ruffling feathers . Nature , 410 : 1036 – 1037 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan , RM and Williamson , TE . 1999 . A new skull of Parasaurolophus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Kirkland formation of New Mexico and a review of the genus . New Mexico Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull , 15 : 1 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Sutton , GM . 1977 . The lesser prairie chicken's inflatable neck sacs . Wilson Bull , 89 ( 4 ) : 521 – 522 .
   Google Scholar
• Swinton , WE . 1970 . The dinosaurs , London (UK) : George Allen & Unwin Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Szekely , T , Lislevand , T and Figuerola , J . 2007 . “ Sexual size dimorphism in birds ” . In Sex, size, and gender roles: evolutionary studies of sexual size dimorphism , Edited by: Fairbairn , DJ , Blanckenhorn , WU and Szekely , T . 27 – 37 . Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tanke , DH . 1988 . Ontogeny and dimorphism in Pachyrhinosaurus (Reptilia, Ceratopsidae), Pipestone Creek, NW, Alberta, Canada . J Vert Paleontol , 8 : 27A
   Google Scholar
• Tanke , DH . 1989 . Paleopathologies in late cretaceous hadrosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from Alberta, Canada . J Vert Paleontol , 9 ( 3 ) : 41A
   Google Scholar
• Tanke , DH . 2005 . “ The late cretaceous Pachyrhinosaurus bonebed (Late Cretaceous: Wapiti Formation) near Grande Prairie, Alberta ” . In Abstract, Alberta Palaeo Soc, Ninth Annual Symposium, Mount Royal College, Calgary 33 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Tanke , DH and Currie , PJ . 1998 . Head-biting behaviour in theropod dinosaurs: paleopathological evidence . Gaia , 15 : 167 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Tasker , CR and Mills , JA . 1981 . A functional analysis of courtship feeding in the red-billed gull, Larus novaehollandiae scopulinus . Behaviour , 77 ( 4 ) : 222 – 241 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , MA . 1992 . Barosaurus and its circulation . Lancet , 340 : 1128
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , MP , Wedel , MJ and Naish , DW . 2009 . Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals . Acta Palaeontol Pol , 54 ( 2 ) : 213 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , TG . 1969 . The mechanism of bone resorption in laying hens . Calc Tiss Res , 4 : 162 – 173 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor , TG , Simkiss , K and Stringer , DA . 1971 . “ The skeleton: its structure and metabolism ” . In Physiology and biochemistry of the domestic fowl , Edited by: Bell , DJ and Freeman , BM . 621 – 640 . New York (NY) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tefera , M . 2003 . Phenotypic and reproductive characteristics of lions (Panthera leo) at Addis Ababa zoo . Biodiv Conserv , 12 ( 8 ) : 1629 – 1639 .
   Google Scholar
• Tereshchenko , VS . 2001 . Sexual dimorphism in the postcranial skeleton of protoceratopsids (Neoceratopsia, Protoceratopsidae) from Mongolia . Paleo J , 35 ( 4 ) : 79 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Thorbjarnarson , JB . 1993 . Fishing behaviour of spectacled caiman in the Venezuelan Llanos . Copeia , 1993 ( 4 ) : 1166 – 1171 .
   Google Scholar
• Thorbjarnarson , JB and Hernandez , G . 1993 . Reproductive ecology of the Orinoco crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) in Venezuela II: reproductive and social behaviour . J Herp , 27 ( 4 ) : 371 – 379 .
   Google Scholar
• Thulborn , RA . 1974 . A new heterodontosaurid dinosaur (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from the upper Triassic red beds of Lesotho . Zool J Linnean Soc (London) , 55 : 151 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thulborn , RA . 1984 . Preferred gaits of bipedal dinosaurs . Alcheringa , 8 ( 3 ) : 243 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thulborn , RA . 1992 . Nest of the dinosaur Protoceratops . Lethaia , 25 : 145 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Thulborn , RA . 1994 . Dimorphic jaw bones in the theropod dinosaur Allosaurus fragilis , Abstracts and Programme, Australasian Paleontological Convention, Association of Australian Paleontologists, Sydney, 1994 54
   Google Scholar
• Thulburn , RA and Wade , M . 1979 . Dinosaur stampede in the cretaceous of Queensland . Lethaia , 12 : 275 – 279 .
   Google Scholar
• Thulburn , RA and Wade , M . 1984 . Dinosaur trackways in the Winton formation (mid-cretaceous) of Queensland . Mem Queensland Mus , 21 : 413 – 517 .
   Google Scholar
• Tollestrup , K . 1981 . The social behaviour and displays of two species of horned lizards, Phrynosoma platyrhinos and Phrynosoma coronatum . Herpetologica , 37 ( 3 ) : 130 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Triggs , B . 1996 . The wombat: common wombats in Australia , Australia : University of New South Wales Press .
   Google Scholar
• Trutneau , L and Sommerlad , R . 2006 . Crocodilians: their natural history and captive husbandry , Frankfurt (Germany) : Edition Chimaira .
   Google Scholar
• Tryon , BW . 1980 . Observations on reproduction in the west African dwarf crocodile with a description of parental behaviour . SSAR Contrib Herpetol , 1 : 167 – 185 .
   Google Scholar
• Tullberg , BS , Ah-King , M and Temrin , H . 2002 . Phylogenetic reconstruction of parental care systems in the ancestors of birds . Phil Trans R Soc Lond B , 357 : 251 – 257 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tykoski , RS and Rowe , T . 2004 . “ Ceratosauria ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weishampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 47 – 70 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Unwin , DM . 2006 . Pterosaurs from deep time , New York (NY) : Pi Press .
   Google Scholar
• Upchurch , P and Barrett , PM . 2000 . “ The evolution of sauropod feeding mechanisms ” . In Evolution of herbivory in terrestrial vertebrates , Edited by: Sues , HD . 79 – 122 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Upchurch , P , Barrett , PM and Dodson , P . 2004 . “ Sauropoda ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weishampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 259 – 322 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Van Mater , J . 1971 . The natural history of two generations of Chameleo jacksoni in captivity . Herpetology , 5 : 1 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Rhign , JG . 1984 . Phylogenetic constraints in the evolution of parental care strategies in birds . Neth J Zool , 34 : 103 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Rhign , JG . 1990 . Unidirectionality in the phylogeny of social organisation, with special reference to birds . Behaviour , 115 : 53 – 174 .
   Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ . 2000 . “ Reproduction and parenting ” . In The scientific American book of dinosaurs , Edited by: Paul , G . 279 – 293 . New York (NY) : St Martin's Press .
   Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ and Horner , JR . 1993 . Hadrosaurid and lambeosaurid bone beds from the upper cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana: taphonomic and biological implications . Can J Earth Sci , 30 : 997 – 1006 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ , Jackson , F , Borkowskl , JJ and Horner , JR . 1997 . Nest and egg clutches of the dinosaur Troodon formosus and the evolution of avian reproductive traits . Nature , 385 : 247 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ , Jackson , F and Trueman , CN . 1999 . A nesting trace with eggs for the cretaceous theropod dinosaur Troodon formosus . J Vert Paleontol , 19 ( 1 ) : 91 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ , Horner , JR and Jackson , FD . 2002 . Embryos and eggs for the cretaceous theropod dinosaur Troodon formosus . J Vert Paleontol , 22 ( 3 ) : 564 – 576 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ and Jackson , FD . 2004a . A phylogenetic assessment of prismatic dinosaur eggs from the cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana . J Vert Paleontol , 24 ( 4 ) : 931 – 937 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ and Jackson , FD . 2004b . “ Two eggs sunny-side up: reproductive physiology in the dinosaur Troodon formosus ” . In Feathered dragons: studies on the transition from dinosaurs to birds , Edited by: Currie , PJ , Koppelhus , EB , Shugar , MA and Wright , JL . 215 – 233 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ and Jackson , FD . 2005 . Origins of avian reproduction: answers and questions from dinosaurs . Palaeovertebrata , 32 ( 2–4 ) : 149 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ , Martin , AJ and Katsura , Y . 2007 . First trace and body fossil evidence of a burrowing, denning dinosaur . Proc R Soc B , 274 : 1361 – 1368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ , Moore , JR , Erickson , GM , Norell , MA , Jackson , FD and Borkowski , JJ . 2008a . Avian paternal care had dinosaur origin . Science , 322 ( 5909 ) : 1826 – 1828 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varricchio , DJ , Sereno , PC , Xijin , Z , Lin , T , Wilson , JA and Lyon , GH . 2008b . Mud-trapped herd captures evidence of distinctive dinosaur sociality . Acta Palaentol , 53 ( 4 ) : 567 – 578 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vehrencamp , SL . 2000 . Evolutionary routes to joint female nesting in birds . Behav Ecol , 11 : 334 – 344 .
   Google Scholar
• Verner , J and Wilson , MF . 1966 . The influence of habitats on mating systems of North American passerine birds . Ecology , 47 : 143 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vestal , EH . 1940 . Mating posture in the alligator lizard (Gerrhonotus coeruleus) . Copeia , 1940 : 51
   Google Scholar
• Vliet , KA . 1989 . Social displays of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) . Am Zool , 29 : 1019 – 1031 .
   Google Scholar
• Vliet , KA . 2001 . “ Courtship behaviour of American alligators Alligator mississippiensis ” . In Crocodilian biology and evolution , Edited by: Grigg , GC , Seebacher , F and Franklin , CE . Australia : Chipping Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Voigt , S , Buchwitz , M , Fischer , J , Krause , D and Georgi , R . 2008 . Feather-like development of Triassic diapsid skin appendages . Naturwissenschaften , 96 ( 1 ) : 81 – 86 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• von Huene , F . 1901 . Der vermuthliche hautpanzer des Compsognathus longipes Wagner . Neues Jahrb Mineral Geol Palaeontol , 1 : 157 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• von Huene , F . 1928 . Lebensbild des saurischer-vorkommens imobersten keuper von Trossingen in Wurttemberg . Palaeobiologica , 1 : 103 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , AD . 1972 . New light on the origin of birds and crocodiles . Nature , 237 : 257 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace , RA . 1980 . How they do it , New York (NY) : William Morrow & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Webb , GJW and Messel , H . 1977 . Abnormalities and injuries in the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus . Aust Wildl Res , 4 : 311 – 319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , GJW and Manolis , C . 1989 . Crocodiles of Australia , Australia : Reed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Webster , D . 1996 . Dinosaurs of the Gobi . Nat Geol , 190 ( 1 ) : 70 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Webster , MS . 1997 . Extreme sexual size dimorphism, sexual selection and the foraging ecology of Montezuma Oropendolas . Auk , 114 ( 4 ) : 570 – 580 .
   Google Scholar
• Weckerly , FW . 1998 . Sexual-size dimorphism: influence of mass and mating systems in the most dimorphic mammals . J Mamm , 79 ( 1 ) : 33 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weishampel , DB . 1981 . Acoustic analyses of potential vocalisation in lambeosaurine dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia) . Paleobiology , 7 : 252 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weishampel , DB . 1995a . “ Fossils, function and phylogeny ” . In Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology , Edited by: Thomason , JJ . 34 – 54 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weishampel , DB . 1995b . Brooding with the best . Nature , 378 : 764 – 765 .
   Google Scholar
• Weishampel , DB . 1997 . Dinosaurian cacophony . Bioscience , 47 ( 3 ) : 150 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weishampel , DB and Chapman , RE . 1990 . “ Morphometric study of Plateosaurus from Trossingen (Baden-Wurttemberg, Federal Republic of Germany) ” . In Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives , Edited by: Carpenter , K and Currie , PJ . 43 – 51 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weishampel , DB , Fastovsky , DE , Watabe , M , Barsbold , R and Tsogtbaatar , K . 2000 . New embryonic and hatchling dinosaur remains from the late cretaceous of Mongolia . J Vert Paleontol , 20 : 78A
   Google Scholar
• Wellnhofer , P . 2004 . “ The plumage of Archaeopteryx ” . In Feathered dragons , Edited by: Currie , PJ , Koppelhus , EB , Shugar , MA and Wright , JL . 282 – 300 . Bloomington (IN) : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Werner , DI , Baker , EM , del C. Gonzales , E and Sosa , IR . 1987 . Kinship recognition and grouping in hatchling green iguanas . Behav Ecol Sociobiol , 21 ( 2 ) : 83 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Werning , S and Lee , A . 2006 . Endosteally derived tissues in dinosaurs and the evolution of medullary bone . J Vert Paleontol , 26 ( 3 ) : 137A
   Google Scholar
• Wesolowski , T . 1994 . On the origin of parental care and the early evolution of male and female parental roles in birds . Am Nat , 143 ( 1 ) : 39 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Wesolowski , T . 2004 . The origin of parental care in birds: a reassessment . Behav Ecol , 15 ( 3 ) : 520 – 523 .
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler , PE . 1978 . Elaborate CNS cooling structures in large dinosaurs . Nature , 275 : 441 – 443 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker , R and Basu , D . 1983 . The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus): a review . J Bombay Nat Hist Soc , 79 : 531 – 548 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitaker , R and Whitaker , Z . 1977 . Notes on captive breeding in mugger (Crocodylus palustris) . J Bombay Nat Hist Soc , 75 : 228 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitaker , R and Whitaker , Z . 1984 . Reproductive biology of the mugger (Crocodylus palustris) . J Bombay Nat Hist Soc , 8 : 297 – 316 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitaker , R , Whitaker , Z and Vaughan , A . 1980 . Notes on sexing crocodilians . J Bombay Nat Hist Soc , 77 ( 2 ) : 341 – 343 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitford , WB and Whitford , WG . 1973 . Combat in the horned lizard, Phrynosoma cornutum . Herpetologica , 29 : 191 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Widholzer , FL , Borne , B and Tesche , T . 1986 . Breeding the broad-nosed caiman Caiman latirostris in captivity . Int Zoo Yearbook , 24/25 : 226 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiggins , DA and Morris , RD . 1986 . Criteria for female choice of mates: courtship feeding and paternal care in the common tern . Am Nat , 128 : 126 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiley , RH . 1978 . The lek mating system of the sage grouse . Sci Am , 238 ( 5 ) : 114 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , R and Birkhead , TR . 1995 . Copulation behaviour in the vasa parrots Coracopis vasa and C. nigra . Ibis , 137 : 117 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiman , C . 1931 . Parasaurolophus tubicen n. sp. aus der kreide in New Mexico . Nova Acta Regiae Soc Sci Uppsala , 4 ( 7 ) : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Witmer , LM . 1995 . “ The extant phylogenetic bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils ” . In Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology , Edited by: Thomason , JJ . 19 – 33 . Cambridge (UK) : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Xu , X . 2006 . Scales, feathers and dinosaurs . Nature , 440 : 287 – 288 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , X , Tang , ZL and Wang , XL . 1999a . A therizinosauroid dinosaur with integumentary structures from China . Nature , 399 : 350 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , X , Wang , XL and Wu , XL . 1999b . A dromaeosaurid dinosaur with a filamentous integument from the Yixian formation of China . Nature , 401 : 262 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , X , Zhou , Z and Wang , XL . 2000 . The smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur . Nature , 408 : 705 – 708 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , X , Norell , MA , Kuang , X , Wang , XL , Zhao , Q and Jia , C . 2004 . Basal tyrannosauroids from China and evidence for protofeathers in tyrannosauroids . Nature , 431 : 680 – 684 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , X and Norell , MA . 2006 . Non-avian dinosaur fossils from the lower cretaceous Jehol group of western Liaoning, China . Geol J , 41 ( 3–4 ) : 419 – 437 .
   Google Scholar
• Yadav , RN . 1969 . Breeding the mugger crocodile Crocodylus palustris at Jaipur zoo . Int Zoo Yearbook , 9 : 33
   Google Scholar
• You , H and Dodson , P . 2004 . “ Basal Ceratopsia ” . In The dinosauria , Edited by: Weishampel , DB , Dodson , P and Osmolska , H . 478 – 493 . Berkeley (CA) : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zahari , ZZ , Rosnina , Y , Wahid , H and Jainudeen , MR . 2002 . Gross anatomy and ultrasonographic images of the reproductive system of the sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) . Anat Histol Embryol , 31 : 350 – 354 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zahari , ZZ , Rosnina , Y , Wahid , H , Yap , KC and Jainudeen , MR . 2005 . Reproductive behaviour of captive sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) . Anim Reprod Sci , 85 ( 3/4 ) : 327 – 335 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zahavi , A . 1975 . Mate selection: a selection for a handicap . J Theor Biol , 53 : 205 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahavi , A . 1977 . The cost of honesty: further remarks on the handicap principle . J Theor Biol , 67 : 603 – 605 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahavi , A , Zahavi , A , Zahavi-Ely , N and Ely , MP . 1997 . The handicap principle , Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zelenitsky , DK . 2006 . Reproductive traits of non-avian theropods . J Paleontol Soc Korea , 22 ( 1 ) : 209 – 216 .
   Google Scholar
• Zelenitsky , DK , Modeso , SP and Currie , PJ . 2002 . Bird-like characteristics of troodontid theropod eggshell . Cret Res , 23 : 297 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelenitsky , DK and Therrien , F . 2008 . Phylogenetic analysis of reproductive traits of maniraptorian theropods and its implications for egg parataxonomy . Palaeontology , 51 ( 4 ) : 807 – 816 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , F , Zhou , Z , Xu , X , Wang , XL and Sullivan , C . 2008 . A bizarre Jurassic maniraptoran from China with elongate ribbon-like feathers . Nature , 455 : 1105 – 1108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao , XJ and Currie , PJ . 1993 . A large crested theropod from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, China . Can J Earth Sci , 30 : 2027 – 2036 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng , XT , You , HL , Xu , X and Dong , ZM . 2009 . An early cretaceous heterodontosaurid dinosaur with filamentous integumentary structures . Nature , 458 : 333 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zherikhin , VV . 1998 . Cladistics in palaeontology: problems and constraints , Proceedings of the First International Palaeoentomol Conference Moscow, AMBA Projects, Bratislava 193 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhou , ZF and Zhang , F . 2004 . A precocial avian embryo from the lower cretaceous of China . Science , 306 : 653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler , TW and Böhme , W . 1996 . Zur hemiclitoris der squamaten reptilien: auswirkungen auf einige methoden der geschlechtsunterscheidung . Herpetofauna , 18 ( 101 ) : 11 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Ziegler , T and Olbort , S . 2004 . Genitalstrukturen und geschlechtsunterscheidung bei krokodilen . Draco , 5 ( 20 ) : 39 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Ziegler , T and Olbort , S . 2007 . Genital structures and sex identification in crocodiles . Croc Specialist Group Newsl , 26 ( 3 ) : 16 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Zuk , M , Ligon , JD and Thornhill , R . 1992 . Effect of manipulation of male secondary sexual characters on female mate preference in red jungle fowl . Anim Behav , 44 : 999 – 1066 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar