Paleoequatorial rain forest of western India during the EECO: evidence from Uvaria L. fossil and its geological distribution pattern

References

• AnZS, KutzbachJE, PrellWL, PorterSC. 2001. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya–Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times. Nature.411:62–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AntalJS, PrasadM. 1998. Morphotaxonomic study of some more fossil leaves from the Lower Siwalik sediments of West Bengal, India. Palaeobotanist.47:88–98.
   Google Scholar
• BrandisD. 1971. Indian trees: an account of trees, shrubs, woody climbers, bamboos and palms indigenous and commonly cultivated in the British Indian Empire. New Delhi: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.
   Google Scholar
• BriggsJC. 1989. The historic biogeography of India: isolation or contact?Syst Zool. 38:322–332.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BriggsJC. 2003. The biogeographic and tectonic history of India. J Biogeogr. 30:381–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurnhamRJ, JohnsonKR. 2004. South American palaeobotany and the origins of neotropical rainforests. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B. 359:1595–1610. 10.1098/rstb.2004.1531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChatterjeeHG, ScoteseCR. 1999. The breakup of Gondwana and the evolution and biogeography of the Indian plate. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad. 65A:397–425.
   Google Scholar
• ChestersKIM. 1955. Some plant remains from the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary of West Africa. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 8:498–504.
   Google Scholar
• CliftPB, HodgesKV, HeslopD, HanniganR, LongHV, CalvesG. 2008. Correlation of Himalayan exhumation rates and Asian monsoon intensity. Nat Geosci. 1:875–880.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ContiE, ErikssonT, SchonenbergerJ, SytsmaKJ, BaumDA, OrtiG. 2002. Early Tertiary out-of-India dispersal of the Crypteroniaceae: evidence from phylogeny and molecular dating. Evolution. 56:1931–1942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CouvreurTLP, ForestF, BakerWJ. 2011. Early evolutionary history of the flowering plant family Annonaceae: steady diversification and boreotropical geodispersal. J Biogeogr. 38:664–680.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavisCC, BellCD, MathewsS, DonoghueMJ. 2002. Laurasian migration explains Gondwanan disjunctions: evidence from Malpighiaceae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99:6833–6837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeotareBC, KajaleMD, RajaguruSN, BasavaiahN. 2004. Late Quaternary geomorphology, palynology and magnetic susceptibility of playas in western margin of the Indian Thar Desert. J Indian Geophys Union. 8:15–25.
   Google Scholar
• DilcherDL. 1974. Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains. Bot Rev. 40:1–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DoyleJA, Le ThomasA. 1996. Phylogenetic analysis and character evolution in Annonaceae. Bull Muś d'Hist Nat B Adansonia. 18:85–94.
   Google Scholar
• DoyleJA, Le ThomasA. 1997. Phylogeny and geographic history of Annonaceae. Géogr Phys Quart. 51:353–361.
   Google Scholar
• DoyleJA, SauquetH, ScharaschkinT, Le ThomasA. 2004. Phylogeny, molecular and fossil dating, and biogeographic history of Annonaceae and Myristicaceae (Magnoliales). Int J Plant Sci. 165(S4):S55–S67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Editing Group of Cenozoic Flora of China (EGCFC). 1978. Fossils of plant in China. Beijing: Science Press.
   Google Scholar
• EllisB, DalyDC, HickeyLJ, JohnsonKR, MitchellJD, WilfP, WingSL. 2009. Manual of leaf architecture. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• JaegerJJ, CourtillotV, TapponnierP. 1989. Palaeontological view of the ages of the Deccan Traps, the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary, and the India − Asia collision. Geology. 17:316–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KeßlerPJA. 1993. Annonaceae. The families and genera of vascular plants. In: KubitzkiK, RohwerJG, BittrichV, editors. Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid families. Vol. 2. Berlin: Springer Verlag. p. 93–129.
   Google Scholar
• KunduSR. 2006. A synopsis of Annonaceae in Indian subcontinent: its distribution and endemism. J Bot. 16:63–85.
   Google Scholar
• KutzbachJE, GuetterPJ, RuddimanWF, PrellWL. 1989. Sensitivity of climate to late Cenozoic uplift in southern Asia and the American West: numerical experiments. J Geophys Res. 94:18393–18407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LakhanpalRN, BoseMN. 1951. Some Tertiary leaves and fruits of the Guttiferae from Rajasthan. J Indian Bot Soc. 30:132–136.
   Google Scholar
• MehrotraRC. 2003. Status of plant megafossil during the early Paleogene in India. Geol Soc Am. 369:413–423 (Special Paper).
   Google Scholar
• MolnarP, EnglandP, MartinrodJ. 1993. Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibetan plateau, and the Indian monsoon. Rev Geophys. 31:357–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MolnarP, StockJM. 2009. Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since 20 Ma and its implications for Tibetan mantle dynamics. Tectonics. 28:TC3001. 10.1029/2008TC002271.
   Google Scholar
• MorleyRJ. 2003. Interplate dispersal paths for megathermal angiosperms. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst. 6:5–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PrasadM. 1994. Siwalik (Middle Mocene) leaf impressions from the foothills of the Himalayas, India. Tert Res. 15(2):53–90.
   Google Scholar
• PrasadV, FarooquiA, TripathiSKM, GargR, ThakurB. 2009. Evidence of Late Palaeocene–Early Eocene equatorial rain forest refugia in southern western Ghats. India. J Biosci. 34:771–797.
   Google Scholar
• PujalteV, PayrosA, ApellanizE. 2009. Climate and biota of the early Paleogene: recent advances and new perspectives. Geol Acta. 7(1–2):1–9. 10.1344/105.000000283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RavenHP, AxelrodDI. 1974. Angiosperm biodiversity and past continental movements. Ann Miss Bot Gard. 61:539–673.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RennerSS, ClausingG, MeyerK. 2001. Historical biogeography of Melastomataceae: the roles of Tertiary migration and long-distance dispersal. Am J Bot. 88:1290–1300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RichardsonJE, ChatrouLW, MolsJB, ErkensRHJ, PirieMD. 2004. Historical biogeography of two cosmopolitan families of flowering plants: Annonaceae and Rhamnaceae. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B. 359:1495–1508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SahniA, BajpaiS. 1988. Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary events: the fossil vertebrate, palaeomagnetic and radiometric evidence from peninsular India. J Geol Soc India. 32(5):382–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SahniA, RanaRS, LoyalRS, SaraswatiPK, MathurSK, RoseKD, TripathiSKM, GargR. 2004. Western margin Palaeocene-lower Eocene lignites : biostratigraphic and palaeoecological constraints. In:Proceedings of the 2nd conference of Association of Petroleum Geologists. Khajuraho: O.N.G.C. p. 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• SchatzGE. 1996. Malagasy/Indo-Australo-Malesian phytogeographic connections. In: LourencoWR, editor. Biogeography of Madagascar. Paris: Editions de l'ORSTOM. p. 73–83.
   Google Scholar
• Scotese CR. cited 2003 Apr. PALEOMAP, earth history, Jurassic [Internet]. Available from: http://www.scotese.com/jurassic.htm.
   Google Scholar
• ShuklaA, MehrotraRC, GuleriaJS. 2012. Cocos sahnii Kaul: a Cocos nucifera L.-like fruit from the Early Eocene rainforest of Rajasthan, western India. J Biosci. 37:769–776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShuklaA, MehrotraRC, GuleriaJS. 2013. African elements from the upper Cenozoic sediments of western India and their palaeoecological and phytogeographical significance. Alcheringa. 37:1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sole de PortaN. 1971. Algunos generos nuevos de polen procedentes de la formacion Guaduas (Maastrichtiense-Paleocene) de Colombia. Stud Geol Salamanca. 2:133–143.
   Google Scholar
• SpicerRA, HarrisNBW, WiddowsonM, HermanAB, GuoS, ValdesPJ, WolfeJA, KelleySP. 2003. Constant elevation of southern Tibet over the past 15 million years. Nature. 421:622–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TaoJR. 2000. The evolution of the Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic Floras in China. Beijing: Science Press.
   Google Scholar
• ThorneRF. 1972. Major disjunctions in the geographic ranges of seed plants. Q Rev Biol. 47:365–411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van SteenisCGGJ. 1962. The land bridge theory in botany. Blumea. 11:235–542.
   Google Scholar
• WilfP. 2000. Late Paleocene–early Eocene climate changes in southwestern Wyoming, Paleobota. Anal Geol Soc Am Bull. 112:292–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZachosJ, PaganiM, SloanL, ThomasE, BillupsK. 2001. Trends, rythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science. 292:686–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhouL, YvonneCFSu, DanielCT, RichardMKS. 2012. ‘Out-of-Africa’ dispersal of tropical floras during the Miocene climatic optimum: evidence from Uvaria (Annonaceae). J Biogeogr. 39:322–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhouLL, SuYCF, ChalermglinP, SaundersRMK. 2010. Molecular phylogenetics of Uvaria (Annonaceae): relationships with Balonga, Dasoclema and Australian species of Melodorum. Bot J Linn Soc. 163:33–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhouLL, SuYCF, SaundersRMK. 2009. Molecular phylogenetic support for a broader delimitation of Uvaria (Annonaceae), inclusive of Anomianthus, Cyathostemma, Ellipeia, Ellipeiopsis and Rauwenhoffia. Syst Biodivers. 7:249–258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar