New costapalmate palm leaves from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, China, and their biogeographic and palaeoclimatic implications

References

• Baker WJ, Couvreur TLP. 2013a. Global biogeography and diversification of palms sheds light on the evolution of tropical lineages. I. Diversification history and origin of regional assemblages. J Biogeogr. 40:274–285. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02795.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker WJ, Couvreur TLP. 2013b. Global biogeography and diversification of palms sheds light on the evolution of tropical lineages. Ⅱ. Diversification history and origin of regional assemblages. J Biogeogr. 40:286–298. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02794.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry EW. 1905. A palm from the mid-Cretaceous. Torreya. 5:30–33.
   Google Scholar
• Berry EW. 1911. Contributions to Mesozoic flora of the Atlantic coastal plain-VII. Bull Torrey Bot Club. 38:399–424.10.2307/2479244
   Google Scholar
• Berry EW. 1914. The Upper Cretaceous and Eocene floras of South Carolina and Georgia. US Geol Sur Prof Paper. 84:1–200.
   Google Scholar
• Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. 1985. Regional geology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Chen YF, Manchester SR, Song ZQ, Wang HS. 2014. Oligocene fossil winged fruits of tribe Engelhardieae (Juglandaceae) from the Ningming Basin of Guangxi Province, south China. International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology. 3:13–17.
   Google Scholar
• Chen YF, Zhang DX. 2005. Bauhinia larsenii, a fossil legume from Guangxi, China. Bot J Linn Soc. 147:437–440. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00373.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couvreur TL, Forest F, Baker WJ. 2011. Origin and global diversification patterns of tropical rain forests: inferences from a complete genus-level phylogeny of palms. BMC Biol. 9:44. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-9-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daghlian CP. 1978. Coryphoid palms from the lower and middle Eocene of southeastern North America. Palaeontographica, Abt B. B166:44–82.
   Google Scholar
• Dilcher DL. 1974. Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains. Bot Rev. 40:1–157. doi:10.1007/BF02860067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong JL, Sun BN, Ma FJ, Wang QJ, Jin PH, Wang WJ, Yang Y, Li XJ. 2015. Paliurus fruits from the Oligocene of South China and their phytogeographic implications. PLoS One. 10:e0140653. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140653
   Google Scholar
• Dong JL, Wang WJ, Deng P, Wang J, Ma FJ, Wang QJ, Yang Y, Sun BN. 2016. New material of Palaeocarya from the Oligocene of Ningming, Guangxi, South China. Pal Z. 90:399–412. doi:10.1007/s12542-016-0302-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dransfield J, Uhl NW, Asmussen CB, Baker WJ, Harley MM, Lewis CE. 2008. Genera Palmarum: the evolution and classification of palms. London: Kew Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• [EBCPC] Editorial Board for Cenozoic Plants of China. 1978. Cenozoic Plants from China, Fossil Plants of China. vol 3. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• [EBFC] Editorial Board for Flora of China. 1991. Flora of China, Volume 13 (Part 1). Beijing: Science Press ( in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Eiserhardt WL, Svenning JC, Kissling WD, Balslev H. 2011. Geographical ecology of the palms (Arecaceae): determinants of diversity and distributions across spatial scales. Ann Bot. 108:1391–1416. doi:10.1093/aob/mcr146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo SX. 1965. On the discovery of fossil palms from the Tertiary Formation of Kwangtung and Kuangsi. Acta Palaeontol Sin. 13:598–605 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Harley MM. 2006. A summary of fossil records for Arecaceae. Bot J Linn Soc. 151:39–67. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00522.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartwich SJ, Conran JG, Bannister JM, Lindqvist JK, Lee DE. 2010. Calamoid fossil palm leaves and fruits (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) from late Eocene Southland, New Zealand. Aust Systematic Botany. 23:131–140. doi:10.1071/SB09027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huzioka K, Takahasi E. 1970. The Eocene flora of the Ube coal-field, southwest Honshu, Japan. Min Coll Akita Univ Series A. 4:1–88.
   Google Scholar
• Kissling WD, Baker WJ, Balslev H, Barfod AS, Borchsenius F, Dransfield J, Govaerts R, Svenning J-C. 2012. Quaternary and pre-quaternary historical legacies in the global distribution of a major tropical plant lineage. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 21:909–921. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00728.x
   Google Scholar
• Kryshtofovich A. 1918. Occurrence of the palm, Sabal nipponica n. sp., in the Tertiary rocks of Hokkaido and Kyushu. J Geol Soc Jap. 25:59–66.10.5575/geosoc.25.303_59
   Google Scholar
• Kuang GD, Chen GJ, Chen YF, Huang ZT. 2004. New information on the Tertiary biostratigraphy of the Ningming Basic, Guangxi. J Stratigr. 28:362–367 (in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Kvaček J, Herman AB. 2004. Monocotyledons from the Early Campanian (Cretaceous) of Grünbach, Lower Austria. Rev Palaeobot Palynol. 128:323–353. doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(03)00154-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li HM, Chen YF, Chen GJ, Kuang GD, Huang ZT. 2003. Tertiary fossil winged fruits of Palaeocarya from Ningming of Guangxi, S. China. Acta Palaeontol Sin. 42:537–547 (in Chinese and English).
   Google Scholar
• Li R, Qiu DZ, Li GR. 1995. Tertiary sedimentary facies and their controls on the reservoir quality in the Ningming Region, Guangxi. Sediment Facies Palaeogeogr. 5:40–45 (in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Ma FJ. 2015. Angiosperm fossils from the Oligocene of Ningming, Guangxi and a paleoclimatic reconstruction of the flora [master’s thesis]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University ( in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Ma FJ, Sun BN, Wang QJ, Dong JL, Yang Y, Yan DF. 2016. A new species of Zelkova (Ulmaceae, Ulmoideae) with leaves and fruits from the Oligocene of South China and its biogeographical implications. Hist Biol. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1049538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma FJ, Sun BN, Wang QJ, Dong JL, Yang GL, Yang Y. 2015. A new species of Meliolinites associated with Buxus leaves from the Oligocene of Guangxi, South China. Mycologia. 107:505–511. doi:10.3852/14-270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma FJ, Wang QJ, Dong JL, Yang Y, Wang WJ, Yan DF, Sun BN. 2015. Buxus leaves from the Oligocene of Guangxi, China and their biogeographical significance. Acta Geol Sinica (Engl ED). 89:1453–1469. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma FJ, Xu XH, Li RY, Wan Z, Sun BN, Yan DF. 2013. Dispersed cuticles from the Lower Cretaceous Wunite coal field in Inner Mongolia. Acta Micropalaeotol Sin. 30:244–262 (in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Manchester SR, Lehman TM, Wheeler EA. 2010. Fossil palms (Arecaceae, Coryphoideae) associated with juvenile herbivorous dinosaurs in the Upper Cretaceous Aguja Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas. Int J Plant Sci. 171:679–689. doi:10.1086/653688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmi J, Gomez B, Martìn-Closas C, Villalba-Breva S. 2010. A reconstruction of the fossil palm Sabalites longirhachis (Unger) J. Kvaček et Herman from the Maastrichtian of Pyrénées. Rev Palaeobot Palynol. 163:73–83. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.10.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ning ZS, Zhou TM, Hu YK, Liang ZH. 1994. Tertiary in petroliferous regions of China. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Ôyama T, Matsuo H. 1964. Notes on palmaean leaf from the Ôarai flora (Upper Cretaceous), Oarai Machi, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Trans Proc Paleont Soc Jap. New series. 55:241–246.
   Google Scholar
• Read RW, Hickey LJ. 1972. A revised classification of fossil palm and palm-like leaves. Taxon. 21:129–137. doi:10.2307/1219237
   Google Scholar
• Shi GL. 2010. Fossil plants from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, and a preliminary palaeoclimatic reconstruction of the flora [master’s thesis]. Nanjing: Nanjing Institute of Palaeontology and Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Shi GL, Xie ZM, Li HM. 2014. High diversity of Lauraceae from the Oligocene of Ningming, South China. Palaeoworld. 23:336–356. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2014.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava G, Mehrotra RC, Bauer H. 2012. Palm leaves from the Late Oligocene sediments of Makum Coalfield, Assam, India. J Earth Syst Sci. 121:747–754. doi:10.1007/s12040-012-0179-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava R, Srivastava G, Dilcher DL. 2014. Coryphoid palm leaf fossils from the Maastrichtian–Danian of central India with remarks on phytogeography of the Coryphoideae (Arecaceae). PLoS One. 9:e111738. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111738
   Google Scholar
• Svenning J-C, Borchsenius F, Bjorholm S, Balslev H. 2008. High tropical net diversification drives the New World latitudinal gradient in palm (Arecaceae) species richness. J Biogeogr. 35:394–406. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01841.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao JR. 1988. Plant fossils from the Lêpuqu Formation in Lhazê County, Xi–zang and their palaeoclimatological significances. In: The Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, editors. Collected Papers of the Institute of Geology of the Chinese Academy of Science, No. 3. Beijing: Science Press; p. 223–238 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Van der Burgh J. 1984. Some palms in the Miocene of the Lower Rhenish Plain. Rev Palaeobot Palynol. 40:359–374. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(84)90016-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther G-R, Gritti ES, Berger S, Hickler T, Tang ZY, Sykes MT. 2007. Palms tracking climate change. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 16:801–809. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00328.x
   Google Scholar
• Wang QJ. 2015. Palms from the Oligocene of Ningming, Guangxi and their biogeographical implications [master’s thesis]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University ( in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Wang WM, Chen GJ, Chen YF, Kuang GD. 2003. Tertiary palynostratigraphy of the Ningming Basin, Guangxi. J Stratigr. 27:324–327 (in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Wang QJ, Ma FJ, Dong JL, Yang Y, Jin PH, Sun BN. 2015. Coryphoid palms from the Oligocene of China and their biogeographical implications. C R Palevol. 14:263–279. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2015.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang QJ, Ma FJ, Yang Y, Dong JL, Wang HF, Li RY, Xu XH, Sun BN. 2014. Bamboo leaf and pollen fossils from the late Miocene of eastern Zhejiang, China and their phytogeological significance. Acta Geol Sinica (Engl ED). 88:1066–1083. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Song ZQ, Chen YF, Shen S, Li ZY. 2014. Leaves and fruits of Bauhinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, south China and their biogeographic implications. BMC Evol Biol. 14:88. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang YF, Tao JR. 1991. An introduction to a new system of terminology for plant cuticular analysis. Chin Bull Bot. 8:6–13 (in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Wang QJ, Xu XH, Jin PH, Li RY, Li XQ, Sun BN. 2013. Quantitative reconstruction of Mesozoic paleoatmospheric CO2 based on stomatal parameters of fossil Baiera furcata of Ginkgophytes. Geol Rev. 59:1035–1045 (in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Wei CF. 1995. The geographic distribution of the Palmae. J Trop Subtrop Bot. 3:1–18 (in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Zhou WJ, Liu XY, Xu QQ, Huang KY, Jin JH. 2013. New coryphoid fossil palm leaves (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae) from the Eocene Changchang Basin of Hainan Island, South China. Sci China Earth Sci. 56:1493–1501. doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4681-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou ZY, Li HM, Cao ZY, Nau PS. 1990. Some Cretaceous plants from Pingzhou (Pingchau) Island, Hong Kong. Acta Palaeontol Sin. 29:415–430 (in Chinese and English).
   Google Scholar
• Zona S. 1990. A monograph of Sabal (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae). Aliso. 12:583–666.
   Google Scholar