The Quaternary plant fossil record from the volcanic Azores Archipelago (Portugal, North Atlantic Ocean): a review

References

• Abdel-Monem A, Fernandez LA, Boone GM. 1975. K-Ar ages from the eastern Azores Group (Santa Maria, S. Miguel and the Formigas islands). Lithos. 8:247–254.10.1016/0024-4937(75)90008-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agostinho J. 1949. O monte Brasil: esboço monográfico. Açoreana, Boletim da Sociedade Afonso Chaves. 4:343–355.
   Google Scholar
• Aiton W. 1789. Hortus Kewensis: a Catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. Vol. III. London.
   Google Scholar
• Alcover JA, Pieper H, Pereira F, Rando JC. 2015. Five new extinct species of rails (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae) from the Macaronesian Islands (North Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa. 4057(2):151–190.10.11646/zootaxa.4057.2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amen R. 2002. Estudo da jazida fóssil da Praínha, Santa Maria, Açores. Ponta Delgada: Tese de Licenciatura. Universidade dos Açores; p. 51.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson CL, Channing A, Zamuner AB. 2009. Life, death and fossilization on Gran Canaria – implications for Macaronesian biogeography and molecular dating. J Biogeograp. 36(12):2189–2201.10.1111/jbi.2009.36.issue-12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arruda LM. 2002. Correspondência científica de Francisco de Arruda Furtado. Instituto cultural de Ponta Delgada. 787 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Ávila SP, Madeira P, Zazo C, Kroh A, Kirby M, da Silva CM, Cachão M, de Frias Martins AM. 2009. Palaeoecology of the Pleistocene (MIS 5.5) outcrops of Santa Maria Island (Azores) in a complex oceanic tectonic setting. Palaeogeograp Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 274(1):18–31.10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.12.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ávila S, Rebelo A, Medeiros A, Melo C, Gomes C, Bagaço L, Madeira P, Borges PA, Monteiro P, Cordeiro R, et al. 2010. Os fósseis de Santa Maria (Açores): A jazida da Prainha. Lagoa: OVGA – Observatório Vulcanológico e Geotérmico dos Açores. 105 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Ávila SP, Cachão M, Ramalho RS, Botelho AZ, Madeira P, Rebelo AC, Cordeiro R, Melo C, Hipólito A, Ventura MA, et al. 2016. The Palaeontological Heritage of Santa Maria Island (Azores: NE Atlantic): a Re-evaluation of Geosites in GeoPark Azores and their use in Geotourism. Geoheritage. 8(2):155–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azevedo JMM, Portugal Ferreira MR. 2006. The volcanotectonic evolution of Flores Island, Azores (Portugal). J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 156(1–2):90–102.10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensaúde A. 1892. Note sur un tuf diabasique contenant des fossiles Communicações da Commissão de Trabalhos Geológicos de Portugal. Tomo. II(II):228–231.
   Google Scholar
• Berthois L. 1948. Sur une roche siliceuse de Biscoutos, Ile Terceira, Açores. Açoreana. IV(3):240–262.
   Google Scholar
• Boid E. 1834. A description of the Azores or Western Islands. London: Bull and Churton, Holles Street; p. 373.
   Google Scholar
• Booth B, Croasdale R, Walker GPL. 1978. A Quantitative Study of Five Thousand Years of Volcanism on Sao Miguel, Azores. Philosoph Trans R Soc London Series A Math Phys Sci. 288(1352):271–319.10.1098/rsta.1978.0018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges PMdLC. 2007. O desenho do território e a construção da paisagem na ilha de S. Miguel nos Açores, na 2ª metade do século XIX, através de um dos seus protagonistas. [ Unpublished PhD thesis]. Coimbra: Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, 550 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Borregaard MK, Amorim IR, Borges PAV, Cabral JS, Fernández-Palacios JM, Field R, Heaney LR, Kreft H, Matthews TJ, Olesen JM, et al. 2017. Oceanic island biogeography through the lens of the general dynamic model: assessment and prospect. Biol Rev. 92(2):830–853.10.1111/brv.12256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnham RJ, Spicer RA. 1986. Forest litter preserved by volcanic activity at El Chichon, Mexico: a potentially accurate record of the pre-eruption vegetation. PALAIOS. 1(2):158.10.2307/3514509
   Google Scholar
• Calvert AT, Moore RB, McGeehin JP, Rodrigues da Silva AM. 2006. Volcanic history and 40Ar/39Ar and 14C geochronology of Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal. J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 156(1–2):103–115.10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canto e Castro EVPd. 1890. Ensaio sobre a bibliographia geologica dos Açores. Archivo dos Açores. 11:265–303.
   Google Scholar
• Capelo J, Menezes de Sequeira M, Jardim R, Costa JC. 2004. Guia da excursão geobotânica dos V Encontros ALFA 2004 à ilha da Madeira. In: Capelo J, editor. A paisagem vegetal da ilha da Madeira Quercetea 6; p. 5–45.
   Google Scholar
• Carine MA, Schaefer H. 2010. The Azores diversity enigma: why are there so few Azorean endemic flowering plants and why are they so widespread? J Biogeograp. 37(1):77–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carine MA, Jones K, Moura M, Graciete Belo Maciel M, Rumsey FJ, Schaefer H. 2012. Putting biogeography’s cart back behind taxonomy’s horse: a response to Triantis. J Biogeograp. 39(6):1184–1187.10.1111/jbi.2012.39.issue-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaves FA. 1908. Gisements de Diatomées fossiles à Furnas (Ile de S. Miguel). Société Portugaise des Sciences Naturelles. 2:231–255.
   Google Scholar
• Connor SE, van Leeuwen JFN, Rittenour TM, Knaap WOvd, Ammann B, Björck S. 2012. The ecological impact of oceanic island colonization – a palaeoecological perspective from the Azores. J Biogeograp. 39(6):1007–1023.10.1111/jbi.2012.39.issue-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor SE, Knaap WOvd, Leeuwen JFNv, Kuneš P. 2013. Holocene palaeoclimate and palaeovegetation on the islands of Flores and Pico. In: Fernández-Palacios JM, Nascimento Ld, Hernández JC, et al., editors. Climate change perspectives from the Atlantic: past, present and future. Universidad de La Laguna: Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad de La Laguna; p. 149–162.
   Google Scholar
• Connor S, Gomes A, Haberle S, Knaap WOvd, Petr K, Leeuwen JFNv, Lewis T, Piva S, Porch N. 2016. Lost ecosystems of Corvo Island, Azores. In: Gabriel R, Elias RB, Amorim IR, et al., editors. Conference program and abstracts of the 2nd International Conference on Island Evolution, Ecology and Conservation: Island Biology 2016. Angra do Heroísmo: Arquipelago, Life and Marine Sciences; p. 217.
   Google Scholar
• Conybeare WD. 1851. Geologia da Ilha de San-Miguel (translated by Thomas Carew Hunt). Revista dos Açores. 1(12):45–46.
   Google Scholar
• Costa ACG, Hildenbrand A, Marques FO, Sibrant ALR, Santos de Campos A. 2015. Catastrophic flank collapses and slumping in Pico Island during the last 130 kyr (Pico-Faial ridge, Azores Triple Junction). J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 302:33–46.10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coutinho R, Pimentel A, Pacheco J. 2008. Na Rota dos Vulcões - Guia Geológico da Ilha do Faial. Faial: Adeliaçor.
   Google Scholar
• Daza R, Bustillo MA. 2014. Exceptional silica speleothems in a volcanic cave: a unique example of silicification and sub-aquatic opaline stromatolite formation (Terceira, Azores). Sedimentology. 61(7):2113–2135.10.1111/sed.12130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daza R, Bustillo MA. 2015. Allophanic and ferric root-associated stalactites: biomineralization induced by microbial activity (Galeria da Queimada lava tube, Terceira, Azores). Geol Mag. 152(3):504–520.10.1017/S0016756814000491
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De La Beche HT. 1832. A geological manual. Philadelphia, PA: Carey and Lea, Philadelphia; p. 535.
   Google Scholar
• Demande J, Fabriol R, Gérard A, Iundt F. 1982. Prospection géothermique des Iles de Faial et Pico (Açores). Orléans: Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières. Report 82SGN003GTH.
   Google Scholar
• Dias E. 2007. A Chegada dos portugueses às ilhas – o antes e o depois - Açores. In: Silva J, editor. Árvores e Florestas de Portugal: Açores e Madeira – A Floresta das Ilhas. Público: Comunicação Social SA, Fundação Luso Americana para o Desenvolvimento e Liga para a Protecção da Natureza; p. 137–164.
   Google Scholar
• Dias E, Mendes C, Melo C, Pereira D, Elias R. 2005. Azores Central Islands and Flora Field Guide. Quercetea. 7:123–173.
   Google Scholar
• DiMichele WA, Falcon-Lang HJ. 2011. Pennsylvanian ‘fossil forests’ in growth position (T0 assemblages): origin, taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights. J Geol Soc. 168(2):585–605.10.1144/0016-76492010-103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diniz F. 1962. Vegetais dos tufos vulcânicos da ilha de São Miguel, Açores. Comunicações dos Serviços Geológicos de Portugal. Tomo XLVI:317–329.
   Google Scholar
• Dionísio M. 1937. Costumes Açorianos. Angra do Heroísmo: Tip Insular-João Vieira, Angra do Heroísmo.
   Google Scholar
• Drouet H. 1857. Rapport à Sa Majesté le Roi de Portugal sur un voyage d’exploration scientifique aux îles Açores, exécuté par MM. Arthur Morelet et Henri Drouët pendant le printemps et l’été de 1857 Mémoires de la Société d’Agriculture, des Sciences. Arts et Belles-Lettres du Département de l’Aube. 9(45):5–33.
   Google Scholar
• Drouet H. 1866. Catalogue de la flore des iles Açores précédé de L’itinéraire d’un voyage dans cet archipel. Paris: J.-B. Bailliére and fils; p. 153.
   Google Scholar
• Elias RB, Gil A, Silva L, Fernández-Palacios JM, Azevedo EB, Reis F. 2016. Natural zonal vegetation of the Azores Islands: characterization and potential distribution. Phytocoenologia. 46(2):107–123.10.1127/phyto/2016/0132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elwes HJ, Henry A. 1910. The trees of the Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 5. Edinburgh: Privately Printed; p. 1333.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandes V. 1508. Das ilhas do Mar Oceano (Separata do “Manuscrito Valentim Fernandes-1508”). Academia de. História. 7(1940):106–119.
   Google Scholar
• Forjaz VH. 1960. Notícia de alguns fósseis na ilha do Faial. Atlantida IV(1):30–40.
   Google Scholar
• Forjaz VH. 2008. Na rota dos vulcões da ilha do Faial. Ponta Delgada: Observatório Vulcanológico e Geotérmico dos Açores.
   Google Scholar
• Forjaz VH, Monjardino JL. 1964. Notícia preliminar sobre os tufos vulcânicos fossilíferos de Santo António, Ilha do Pico, Açores. Atlantida. VIII(3):179–184.
   Google Scholar
• Forjaz VH, Mojardino JL, Fernandes NSM. 1970. Contribuição para o estudo das jazidas fossilíferas das ilhas do Faial, Pico, S. Jorge e Terceira (Açores). Comunicações dos Serviços Geologicos de Portugal. Tomo LIV:27–37.
   Google Scholar
• Fouqué F. 1873a. Voyages Géologiques aux Açores I. L’ ile de Terceire. Revue des Deux Mondes. Cent Troisieme:40–65.
   Google Scholar
• Fouqué F. 1873b. Voyages Géologiques Aux Açores II. Graciosa, Pico et Fayal. Revue des Deux Mondes. Cent Quatrième:617–644.
   Google Scholar
• Fouqué F. 1873c. Voyages Géologiques aux Açores III. Les cultures de San-Miguel. Le monde organique aux Açores. Revue des Deux Mondes. Cent Quatrième:829–863.
   Google Scholar
• França Z. 2002. Origem e Evolução Petrológica e Geoquímica do Vulcanismo da ilha do Pico, Açores. Ponta Delgada: Câmara Municipal de São Roque do Pico; p. 391.
   Google Scholar
• França Z, Lago M, Nunes JC, Galé C, Forjaz VH, Pueyo O, Arranz E. 2006. Geochemistry of alkaline basalts of Corvo Island (Azores, Portugal): preliminary data. Geogaceta. 40:87–90.
   Google Scholar
• Franco JA. 1960. Lauráceas Macaronésicas. Anais do Instituto Superior de Agronomia. 23:89–104.
   Google Scholar
• Franco JA. 1971. Nova Flora de Portugal (Continente e Açores): Lycopodiaceae-Umbelliferae. Vol. 1. Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Fries M. 1968. Organic Sediments and Radiocarbon Dates from Crater Lakes in the Azores. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 90(3):360–368.10.1080/11035896809448409
   Google Scholar
• Frutuoso G. 1590. Livro Quarto das Saudades da Terra. Ponta Delgada: Instituto Cultural de Ponta Delgada ( edition 1998).
   Google Scholar
• Frutuoso G. 1590. Livro Sexto das Saudades da Terra. Ponta Delgada: Instituto Cultural de Ponta Delgada ( edition 1998).
   Google Scholar
• Gaspar JL. 1996. Ilha Graciosa (Açores): História vulcanológica e avaliação do hazard [Unpublished PhD thesis]. Portugal: University of Azores.
   Google Scholar
• Gente P, Dyment J, Maia M, Goslin J. 2003. Interaction between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Azores hot spot during the last 85 Myr: emplacement and rifting of the hot spot-derived plateaus. Geochem Geophys Geosyst. 4(10):1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Gertisser R, Self S, Gaspar JL, Kelley SP, Pimentel A, Eikenberg J, Barry TL, Pacheco JM, Queiroz G, Vespa M. 2010. Ignimbrite stratigraphy and chronology on Terceira Island, Azores. Geol Soc Am Special Papers. 464:133–154.10.1130/2010.2464(07)
   Google Scholar
• Goeze E. 1867a. Foreign Correspondence, Busaco, July 26th- Cupressus glauca. The Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette. London: Bradbury, Evans; p. 929.
   Google Scholar
• Goeze E. 1867b. A Ilha de S Miguel e o Jardim Botânico de Coimbra. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade.
   Google Scholar
• Góis-Marques CA. 2013. Paleobotânica da Ilha da Madeira: Inventário e Revisão da Macroflora Fóssil de São Jorge e Porto da Cruz [ Unpublished MSc. thesis]. Lisboa: Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 144 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Góis-Marques CA, Menezes de Sequeira M. 2015. Darwin, Hooker and Arruda Furtado and the palaeobotany of Azores: rediscovering the first collections. Rev Palaeobot Palynol. 221:47–51.10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.05.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Góis-Marques CA, Menezes de Sequeira M, Madeira J. 2014. Palaeobotany of Madeira Island: historical perspective of the leaf-beds and collections of S. Jorge and Porto da Cruz. Silva Lusitana. Nº especial:87–108.
   Google Scholar
• Góis-Marques CA, Madeira J, Menezes de Sequeira M. 2018. Inventory and review of the Mio-Pleistocene São Jorge flora (Madeira Island, Portugal): palaeoecological and biogeographical implications. J Syst Palaeontol. 16(2):159–177.10.1080/14772019.2017.1282991
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guest JE, Pacheco JM, Cole PD, Duncan AM, Wallenstein N, Queiroz G, Gaspar JL, Ferreira T. 2015. Chapter 9 The volcanic history of Furnas Volcano, São Miguel, Azores. Geol Soc London Mem. 44(1):125–134.10.1144/M44.9
   Google Scholar
• Guppy HB. 1914. Notes on the Native Plants of the Azores as Illustrated on the Slopes of the Mountain of Pico. Bull Miscell Inf R Bot Gardens Kew. 1914(9):305–321.10.2307/4118643
   Google Scholar
• Guppy HB. 1917. Plants, seeds, and currents in the West Indies and Azores: the results of investigations carried out in those regions between 1906 and 1914. London: Williams and Norgate.
   Google Scholar
• Hartung G. 1860. Die Azoren in iheer äusseren erscheinung und nach ihrer geognostischen natur. Leipzig: verlag von Wihelm Engelmann.
   Google Scholar
• Hildenbrand A, Madureira P, Marques FO, Cruz I, Henry B, Silva P. 2008. Multi-stage evolution of a sub-aerial volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr: S. Jorge Island, Azores Triple Junction. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 273(3–4):289–298.10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildenbrand A, Marques FO, Costa ACG, Sibrant ALR, Silva PF, Henry B, Miranda JM, Madureira P. 2012. Reconstructing the architectural evolution of volcanic islands from combined K/Ar, morphologic, tectonic, and magnetic data: The Faial Island example (Azores). J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 241–242:39–48.10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt C. 1845a. A description of the Island of St. Michael (Azores). J R Geograph Soc London. 15:268–296.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt C. 1845b. A description of the Island of St. Mary (Azores). J R Geograph Soc London. 15:258–268.
   Google Scholar
• Jardim R, Menezes de Sequeira M. 2008. As plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta) dos arquipélagos da Madeira e das Selvagens. In: Borges PAV, Abreu C, Aguiar AMF, et al., editors. Listagem dos fungos flora e fauna terrestre dos arquipélagos da Madeira e Selvagens. Funchal e Angra do Heroísmo: Direcção Regional do Ambiente da Madeira e Universidade dos Açores; p. 181–207.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson CL, Wijbrans JR, Constable CG, Gee J, Staudigel H, Tauxe L, Forjaz V-H, Salgueiro M. 1998. 40Ar/39Ar ages and paleomagnetism of São Miguel lavas, Azores. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 160(3):637–649.10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00117-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorge JC, Moura M, Neto AI, Gabriel R, Constância JP, Silva L. 2011. Exposição: À descoberta da História Botânica dos Açores: As plantas e os cientistas. Ponta delgada: CIBIO Açores.
   Google Scholar
• Kent AH. 1900. Veitch’s manual of the coniferae. London: James Veitch and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Krejci-Graf K, Frenchen J, Wetzel W, Colom G. 1958. Gesteine und fossilien von den Azoren. Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 39:303–351.
   Google Scholar
• Larrea P, Wijbrans JR, Galé C, Ubide T, Lago M, França Z, Widom E. 2014. 40Ar/39Ar constraints on the temporal evolution of Graciosa Island, Azores (Portugal) [journal article]. Bull Volcanol. 76(2):796.10.1007/s00445-014-0796-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima EA, Nunes JC, Costa MP, Machado M. 2014. Basis for the geological heritage management in the Azores Archipelago (Portugal). J Integr Coastal Zone Manage. 14(2):301–319.
   Google Scholar
• van Leeuwen JFN, Schäfer H, Knaap WOvd, Rittenour T, Björck S, Ammann B. 2005. Native or introduced? Fossil pollen and spores may say. An example from the Azores Islands. In: Nentwig Wea, editor. Biological invasions – from ecology to control; p. 27–34.
   Google Scholar
• Madeira J. 1998. Estudos de Neotectónica nas ilhas do Faial, Pico e S. Jorge: uma contribuição para o conhecimento geodinâmico da junção tripla dos Açores [ Unpublished PhD thesis]. Lisboa: Universidade de Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Madeira J. 2005. The volcanoes of Azores Islands: a world-class heritage. Examples from Terceira, Pico, and Faial Islands. Lisboa: Lattex, Laboratório de Tectonofísica e Tectónica Experimental, Universidade de Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Madeira J, Brum da Silveira A. 2003. Active tectonics and first paleoseismological results in Faial, Pico and S. Jorge islands (Azores, Portugal). Annals of Geophysics. 46(5):733–771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madeira J, Soares Monge, Brum Da Silveira A, Serralheiro A. 1995. Radiocarbon Dating Recent Volcanic Activity on Faial Island (Azores). Radiocarbon. 37(2):139–147.10.1017/S0033822200030575
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madeira J, Brum da Silveira A, Serralheiro A, Monge Soares A, Rodrigues CF. 1998. Radiocarbon ages of recent volcanic events from the Island of S. Jorge (Azores). Comunicações do IGM. 84:A189–A192.
   Google Scholar
• Marrero Á. 2013. Aportaciones a la flora pliocena de la isla de Gran Canaria: avances a los estudios florísticos y paleoambientales. Vieraea. 41:371–384.
   Google Scholar
• Massini JG, Escapa IH, Guido DM, Channing A. 2016. First Glimpse of the Silicified Hot Spring Biota from a New Jurassic Chert Deposit in the Deseado Massif, Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana. 53(2):205–230.10.5710/AMGH.26.01.2016.2916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maund JG. 1985. The volcanic geology, petrology and geochemistry of Caldeira volcano, Graciosa, Azores and its bearing on contemporaneous felsic-mafic oceanic island volcanism [ Unpublished PhD thesis]. UK: University of Reading.
   Google Scholar
• Menezes de Sequeira M, Espírito-Santo D, Aguiar C, Capelo J, Honrado J. 2012. Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Açores e Madeira). Lisboa: Associação Lusitana de Fitossociologia.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell-Thomé R, editor. 1976. Geology of the Middle Atlantic islands. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger.
   Google Scholar
• Moore RB. 1991. Geology of Three Late Quaternary Stratovolcanoes on Sao Miguel, Azores. vol 1900. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin.
   Google Scholar
• Moore RB, Rubin M. 1991. Radiocarbon dates for lava flows and pyroclastic deposits on São Miguel, Azores. Radiocarbon. 33(1):151–164.10.1017/S0033822200013278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morisseau M, Traineau H. 1985. Mise en évidence d’une activité hydromagmatique holocène sue l’île de Flores (Açores). Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences série II. 301(18):1309–1314.
   Google Scholar
• Mouzinho de Albuquerque LdS, Menezes IPdC. 1826. Observações sobre a ilha de São Miguel recolhidas pela commissão enviada à mesma ilha em Agosto de 1825. Lisboa: Impressão Régia.
   Google Scholar
• Nogué S, Nascimento Ld, Froyd CA, Wilmshurst JM, Boer EJd, Coffey EED, Whittaker RJ, Fernández-Palacios JM, Willis kJ. 2017. Island biodiversity conservation needs palaeoecology. Nat Ecol Evol. 1(1–9):0181.10.1038/s41559-017-0181
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• North FJ. 1933. Dean Conybeare, Geologist. Rep Trans Cardiff Nat Soc. 66:15–68.
   Google Scholar
• Nunes JCC. 1999. A actividade vulcânica na ilha do Pico do Plistocénico Superior ao Holocénico: mecanismo eruptivo e hazard [ Unpublished PhD thesis]. Açores: Universidade dos Açores.
   Google Scholar
• Nunes JC, Lima EA, Ponte D, Costa MP, Castro R. 2011. Azores Geopark application. Horta: Azores Geopark. Available from: http://www.azoresgeopark.com/media/docs/candidatura_ga/Application.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Pacheco J. 1995. Caracterização do depósito vulcânico Furnas-C e seu contributo para a análise do hazard associado à actividade do vulcão das Furnas [Tese de Progressão na Carreira de Investigação]. Azores: Universidade dos Açores.
   Google Scholar
• Pacheco J. 2001. Processos associados ao desenvolvimento de erupções vulcânicas hidromagmáticas explosivas na ilha do Faial e sua interpretação numa perspectiva da avaliação do hazard e minimização do risco [ Unpublished PhD thesis]. Azores: Universidade dos Açores.
   Google Scholar
• Pacheco JM. 2015. 14C ages of the last eruptive stage of Faial Island Caldeira Volcano. Radiocarbon. 57(5):1021–1027.10.2458/azu_rc.57.17957
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacheco JM, Ferreira T, Queiroz G, Wallenstein N, Coutinho R, Cruz JV, Pimentel A, Silva R, Gaspar JL, Goulart C. 2013. Notas sobre a geologia do arquipélago dos Açores. In: Dias R, Araújo A, Terrinha P, et al., editors. Geologia de Portugal. Escolar Editora; p. 595–690.
   Google Scholar
• Palhinha R. 1966. Catálogo das plantas vasculares dos Açores. Lisbon: Sociedade de Estudos Açorianos Afonso Chaves ( revised and prepared for publication by A. R. Pinto da Silva).
   Google Scholar
• Pimentel A, Pacheco J, Self S. 2015. The ∼1000-years BP explosive eruption of Caldeira Volcano (Faial, Azores): the first stage of incremental caldera formation. Bull Volcanol. 77(5):1–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto MS, Bouheiry A. 2007. The German geologist Georg Hartung (1821–1891) and the geology of the Azores and Madeira islands. In: Jackson PNW, editor. Four centuries of geological travel: the search for knowledge on foot, bicycle, sledge and camel. London: Geological Society ( London, Special Publications); p. 229–238.
   Google Scholar
• Ponte DdJF. 2013. Contribuição para o conhecimento das sequências eruptivas dos vulcões do Fogo e das Furnas, Entre Ribeirinha e Lomba da Maia, São Miguel (Açores) [ Unpublished MSc. thesis]. Ponta Delgada: Universidade dos Açores.
   Google Scholar
• Prieto R, Ferraz R, Luís S, Pereira S, Nunes JC, Dores VR. 2007. Candidatura da Ilha Graciosa a Reserva da Biosfera (v. 34). Governo dos Açores.
   Google Scholar
• Ramalho RS, Helffrich G, Madeira J, Cosca M, Thomas C, Quartau R, Hipólito A, Rovere A, Hearty PJ, Ávila SP. 2017. Emergence and evolution of Santa Maria Island (Azores) – The conundrum of uplifted islands revisited. Geol Soc Am Bull. 129(3–4):372–390.10.1130/B31538.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rando JC, Alcover JA, Olson SL, Pieper H. 2013. A new species of extinct scops owl (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae: Otus) from São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, North Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa. 3647(2):15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rando JC, Pieper H, Olson SL, Perreira F, Alcover JA. 2017. A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa. 4282(3):567–583.10.11646/zootaxa.4282.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebelo AC, Rasser MW, Kroh A, Johnson ME, Ramalho RS, Melo C, Uchman A, Berning B, Silva L, Zanon V, et al. 2016. Rocking around a volcanic island shelf: Pliocene Rhodolith beds from Malbusca, Santa Maria Island (Azores, NE Atlantic). Facies. 62(3):22.10.1007/s10347-016-0473-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rull V, Connor S, Elias R. 2017a. Potential natural vegetation and pre-anthropic pollen records on the Azores Islands in a Macaronesian context. J Biogeograp. 44(11):2137–2440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rull V, Lara A, Rubio-Inglés MJ, Giralt S, Gonçalves V, Raposeiro P, Hernández A, Sánchez-López G, Vázquez-Loureiro D, Bao R, et al. 2017b. Vegetation and landscape dynamics under natural and anthropogenic forcing on the Azores Islands: A 700-year pollen record from the São Miguel Island. Q Sci Rev. 159:155–168.10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan WBF, Carbotte SM, Coplan JO, O’Hara S, Melkonian A, Arko R, Weissel RA, Ferrini V, Goodwillie A, Nitsche F, et al. 2009. Global multi-resolution topography synthesis. Geochem Geophys Geosyst. 10(3):Q03014.
   Google Scholar
• Scott AC. 2010. Charcoal recognition, taphonomy and uses in palaeoenvironmental analysis. Palaeogeograp Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 291(1):11–39.10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.12.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Self S. 1976. The recent volcanology of Terceira, Azores. J Geological Society. 132(6):645–666.10.1144/gsjgs.132.6.0645
   Google Scholar
• Seubert M. 1844. Flora Azorica: quam ex collectionibus schedisque Hochstetteri patris et filii elaboravit et tabulis XV propria manu aeri incisis illustravit. Bonnae: Apud Adolphum Marcum.10.5962/bhl.title.60217
   Google Scholar
• Shotton FW, Williams REG. 1971. Birmingham University Radiocarbon Dates V. Radiocarbon. 13(2):141–156.10.1017/S0033822200008419
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shotton FW, Williams REG. 1973. Birmingham University Radiocarbon Dates VII. Radiocarbon. 15(3):451–468.10.1017/S0033822200008924
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shotton FW, Blundell DJ, Williams REG. 1968. Birmingham University Radiocarbon Dates II. Radiocarbon. 10(2):200–206.10.1017/S0033822200010882
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shotton FW, Blundell DJ, Williams REG. 1969. Birmingham University Radiocarbon Dates III. Radiocarbon. 11(2):263–270.10.1017/S0033822200011218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shotton FW, Blundell DJ, Williams REG. 1970. Birmingham University Radiocarbon Dates IV. Radiocarbon. 12(2):385–399.10.1017/S0033822200008158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shotton FW, Williams REG, Johnson A. 1974. Birmingham University Radiocarbon Dates VIII. Radiocarbon. 16(3):285–303.10.1017/S0033822200059610
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shute CH, Cleal CJ. 1987. Palaeobotany in museums. Geol Curator. 4(9):533–559.
   Google Scholar
• Sibrant ALR, Hildenbrand A, Marques FO, Weiss B, Boulesteix T, Hübscher C, Lüdmann T, Costa ACG, Catalão JC. 2015. Morpho-structural evolution of a volcanic island developed inside an active oceanic rift: S. Miguel Island (Terceira Rift, Azores). J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 301:90–106.10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.04.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva L, Corvelo R, Moura M, Coello RM, Carvalho JA. 2008. Pittosporum undulatum Vent. In: Silva L, Ojeda-Land E, Rodríguez-Luengo JL, editors. Invasive Terrestrial Flora and Fauna of Macaronesia: TOP 100 in Azores, Madeira and Canaries. Ponta Delgada: ARENA; p. 225–228.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor RE. 2016. Radiocarbon dating: development of a nobel method. In: Schuur EAG, Druffel E, Trumbore SE, editors. Radiocarbon and climate change: mechanisms, applications and laboratory techniques. Cham: Springer International Publishing; p. 21–44.
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira C, Pais J. 1976. Introdução à Paleobotânica: As grandes fases da evolução dos vegetais. Lisboa: Escolar Editora.
   Google Scholar
• Traverse A. 2007. Paleopalynology. 2 ed. Topics in geobiology, Vol. 28. Netherlands: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Trelease W. 1897. Botanical Observations on the Azores. Eighth Annual Report of The Missouri Botanical Garden.
   Google Scholar
• Triantis KA, Borges PAV, Ladle RJ, Hortal J, Cardoso P, Gaspar C, Dinis F, Mendonça E, Silveira LMA, Gabriel R, et al. 2010. Extinction debt on oceanic islands. Ecography. 33:285–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triantis KA, Hortal J, Amorim I, Cardoso P, Santos AMC, Gabriel R, Borges PAV. 2012. Resolving the Azorean knot: a response to Carine and Schaefer (2010). J Biogeograp. 39(6):1179–1184.10.1111/jbi.2012.39.issue-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triantis K, Whittaker RJ, Fernández-Palacios JM, Geist DJ. 2016. Oceanic archipelagos: a perspective on the geodynamics and biogeography of the World’s smallest biotic provinces. Frontiers of Biogeography. 8(2):e29605.
   Google Scholar
• Walker WF. 1886. The Azores. London: Trubner and Co., Ludgate Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Wallenstein N. 1999. Estudo da História Eruptiva Recente e do Comportamento Eruptivo do Vulcão do Fogo (S. Miguel, Açores) Avaliação Preliminar do Hazard [ Unpublished PhD thesis]. Açores: Universidade dos Açores.
   Google Scholar
• Webster JW. 1821. A Description of the Island of St. Michael, comprising an account of its Geological Structure. Boston, R. P. and C. Williams.
   Google Scholar
• Whittaker RJ, Fernández-Palacios JM. 2007. Island biogeography: ecology, evolution and conservation. New York (NY): Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whittaker RJ, Triantis KA, Ladle RJ. 2008. A general dynamic theory of oceanic island biogeography. J Biogeograp. 35(6):977–994.10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01892.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zbyszewski G, Moitinho d’Almeida F, da Veiga Ferreira O, Torre de Assunção C. 1958. Carta geológica de Portugal na escala de 1/50 000: Notícia explicativa da folha “B”: São Miguel (Açores). Lisboa: Serviços Geológicos de Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Zbyszewski G, da Veiga Ferreira O, Torre de Assunção C. 1959. Carta geológica de Portugal na escala de 1/50 000: Notícia explicativa da folha “A”: São Miguel (Açores). Lisboa: Serviços Geológicos de Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Zbyszewski G, Moitinho d’Almeida F, da Veiga Ferreira O, Torre de Assunção C. 1959. Carta geológica de Portugal na escala de 1/50 000: Notícia explicativa da folha: Faial (Açores). Lisboa: Serviços Geológicos de Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Zbyszewski G, Ribeiro Ferreira C, da Veiga Ferreira O, Torre de Assunção C. 1963. Carta geológica de Portugal na escala de 1/50 000: Notícia explicativa da folha “A” da ilha do Pico (Açores). Lisboa: Serviços Geológicos de Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Zbyszewski G, Cândido de Medeiros A, da Veiga Ferreira O, Torre de Assunção C. 1971. Carta geológica de Portugal na escala de 1/50 000: Notícia explicativa da folha Ilha Terceira. Lisboa: Serviços Geológicos de Portugal.
   Google Scholar