Publication Cover
Historical Biology
An International Journal of Paleobiology
Volume 32, 2020 - Issue 2
152
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Fusion of anterior thoracic vertebrae in Pleistocene ground sloths

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 244-251 | Received 28 Mar 2018, Accepted 07 Jun 2018, Published online: 22 Jun 2018

References

  • Araújo-Júnior HI, Porpino KO, Ximenes CL, Bergqvist LP. 2013. Unveiling the taphonomy of elusive natural tank deposits: A study case in the Pleistocene of northeastern Brazil. Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl. 378:52–74.
  • Asher RJ, Lin KH, Kardjilov N, Hautier L. 2011. Variability and constraint in the mammalian vertebral column. J Evol Biol. 24:1080–1090.
  • Barbosa FHS, Araújo-Júnior HI, Oliveira EV. 2014. Neck osteoarthritis in Eremotherium laurillardi (Lund, 1842; Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Pleistocene of Brazil. Int J Paleopathol. 6:60–63.
  • Barbosa FHS, Porpino KO, Araújo-Júnior HI, Bergqvist LP, Rothschild BM. 2017a. Articular and vertebral lesions in the Pleistocene sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Brazilian Intertropical Region. Historical Biol. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1376191
  • Barbosa FHS, Porpino KO, Bergqvist LP, Rothschild BM. 2017b. Elucidating the bones diseases in the Brazilian Pleistocene sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa, Folivora): first cases reported for the Nothrotheriidae and Megalonychidae families. Ameghiniana. 54:331–340.
  • Bargo MS, De Iuliis G, Vizcaíno SF. 2006. Hypsodonty in Pleistocene ground sloths. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 51(1):53–61.
  • Bargo MS, Vizcaíno SF, Archuby FM, Blanco RE. 2000. Limb bone proportions, strength and digging in some Lujanian (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) mylodontid ground sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra). J.Vertebr. Paleontol. 20:601–610.
  • Bateson W. 1894. Materials for the study of variation. London: MacMillan.
  • Bjorkengren AG, Sartoris DJ, Shermis S, Resnick D. 1987. Patterns of paravertebral ossification in the prehistoric saber-toothed cat. AJR. 148:779–782.
  • Buchholtz EA. 2001. Vertebral osteology and swimming style in living and fossil whales (order: cetacea). J Zool. 253:175–190.
  • Buchholtz EA, Stepien CC. 2009. Anatomical transformation in mammals: developmental origin of aberrant cervical anatomy in tree sloths. Evol Dev. 11:69–79.
  • Coombs W. 1978. Forelimb muscles of the Ankylosauria (Reptilia. Ornithischia) J Paleontol. 52(3):642–657.
  • Farke AA, O’Connor PM. 2007. Pathology in Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. J Vertebr Paleo. 8:180–184.
  • Ferigolo J. 1985. Patologias em preguiça terrícola – artrose [Pathologies in ground sloths – arthrosis]. Coletânea de Trabalhos Paleontológicos. Rio de Janeiro: DNPM. Portuguese; p. 35–41.
  • Flower WH. 1885. An introduction to the osteology of the Mammalia. London: MacMillan and Company.
  • Gaudin TJ. 1999. The morphology of xenarthrous vertebrae (Mammalia: xenarthra). Fieldiana Geology. 41:1–38.
  • Gillette DD, Ray CE. 1981. Glyptodonts of North America. Smithson. Contr. Paleobiology. 40:1–255.
  • Ho TY. 1967. Relationship between amino acid contents of mammalian bone collagen and body temperature as a basis for estimation of body temperature of prehistoric mammals. Comp Biochem Physiol. 22:113–119.
  • Hoffstetter R . 1958. Édentés Xénarthres [Edentates Xenarthrans]. Piveteau J, editor. Traité de paléontologie. volume VI (2). Mammifères, évolution. French Paris: Masson et Cíe; 535–636.
  • Hoganson JW, McDonald HG. 2007. The first report of the occurrence of Jefferson’s ground sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii) in North Dakota and its paleobiogeographical and paleoecological significance. J Mammal. 88(1):73–80.
  • Jeffcott LB. 1980. Disorders of the thoracolumbar spine of the horse - a survey of 443 cases. Equine Vet J. 12(4):197–210.
  • Kacki S, Villotte S, Knüsel CJ. 2011. Baastrup’s sign (kissing spines): a neglected condition in paleopathology. Int J Paleopathol. 1:104–110.
  • Konishi T, Brinkman D, Massare J, Caldwell M. 2011. New exceptional specimens of Prognathodon overtoni (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Upper Campanian of Alberta, Canada, and the systematics and ecology of the genus. J Vertebr Paleontol. 31(5):1026–1046.
  • Kranenburg HC, Hazewinkel HAW, Meij BP. 2013. Spinal hyperostosis in humans and companion animals. Vet. Q. 33(1):30–42.
  • Kwong Y, Rao N, Latief K. 2011. MDCT findings in Baastrup disease: disease or normal feature of the aging spine? Am J Roentgenol. 196(5):1156–1159.
  • Lignereux Y, Bouet C. 2015. Spinal hyperostosis and ankylosis in a Gallo-Roman horse from Iwuy ‘Val-de-Calvigny’ (Nord, France): ‘Ankylosing spondylarthritis’ (spondylarthritis ankylopoetica), ‘deforming spondylarthrosis’ (spondylarthrosis deformans) or ‘DISH’ (hyperostosis vertebralis ankylopoetica)? An archeozoological and comparative nosological review. Int J Paleopathol. 9:38–51.
  • Lydekker R. 1894. Contributions to a knowledge of the fossil vertebrates of Argentina, part II, extinct edentates of Argentina. Taller de Publicaciones del Museo, La Plata. An. Museo La Plata. 5:1–61.
  • McDonald HG 1977. Description of the osteology of the extinct gravigrade edentate, Megalonyx, with observations on its ontogeny, phylogeny, and functional anatomy [ master’s thesis]. Gainesville (FL): University of Florida.
  • McDonald HG. 2003. Xenarthran skeletal anatomy: primitive or derived? Senckenb. Biol. 83:5–17.
  • Miller ME, Evans HE, Christensen GC. 1979. Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog. 2nd ed. St. Louis (MO): W B Saunders Co Ltd.
  • Patiño SJ, Fariña RA. 2017. Ungual phalanges analysis in Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora). Historical Biol. 29(8):1065–1075.
  • Püschel HP, Püschel TA, Rubilar-Rogers D. 2017. Taxonomic comments of a Glossotherium specimen from the Pleistocene of central Chile. Bol. Mus. Nac. His. Nat., Chile. 66(2):223–262.
  • Ramírez-Velasco AA, Morales-Salinas E, Hernández-Rivera R, Tanke DH. 2017. Spinal and rib osteopathy in Huehuecanauhtlus tiquichensis (Ornithopoda: hadrosauroidea) from the Late Cretaceous in Mexico. Historical Biol. 29(2):208–222.
  • Ray CE. 1958. Fusion of the cervical vertebrae in the Erethizontidae and Dinomyidae. Breviora. 97:1–11.
  • Rega E. 2012. Disease in dinosaurs. In: Brett-Surman MK, Holtz TR Jr., Farlow JO, editors. The Complete Dinosaur. 2nd ed. Bloomington (IN): Indiana University Press; p. 667–711.
  • Resnick D. 1985. Degenerative diseases of the vertebral column. Radiology. 156:3–14.
  • Reumer JWF, Ten Broek CMA, Galis F. 2014. Extraordinary incidence of cervical ribs indicates vulnerable condition in Late Pleistocene mammoths. PeerJ. 2:e318.
  • Rothschild BM. 1987. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis as reflected in the paleontological record: dinosaurs and early mammals. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 17(2):119–125.
  • Rothschild BM. 2005. Osseotypes and spondyloarthropathy exposed. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 1(1):57–63.
  • Rothschild BM, Berman DS. 1991. Fusion of caudal vertebrae in late Jurassic sauropods. J Vertebr Paleo. 11:29–36.
  • Saritha S, Preevan Kumar M, Supriya G. 2012. ossification of interspinous and supraspinous ligaments of the adult 5th lumbar vertebra and its clinical significance- a case report. J Dent Med Sci. 1(5):27–28.
  • Sartoris DJ, Resnick D, Tyson R, Haghighi P. 1985. Age-related alterations in the vertebral spinous processes and intervening soft tissues: radiologic-pathologic correlation. AJR. 145:1025–1030.
  • Schubert BW, Graham RW, McDonald HG, Grimm EC, Stafford TW Jr. 2004. Latest Pleistocene paleoecology of Megalonyx jeffersonii and Cervalces scotti. Quatern Res. 61(2):231–240.
  • Simpson S, Krabak BJ. 2014. Interspinous ligament calcification in a collegiate gymnast. PM&R. 6:742–745.
  • Stock C. 1925. Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America: with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Washington (DC): Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publication number 331.
  • Sullivan RM, Lucas SG, Jasinski SE, Tanke DH. 2011. An unusual sacral neural spine osteopathy of a chasmosaurine (Dinosauria: ceratopsidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation (Hunter Wash Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Bull N M Mus Nat Hist Sci. 53:484–488.
  • Ten Broek CMA, Bakker AJ, Varela-Lasheras I, Bugiani M, Van Dongen S, Galis F. 2012. Evo-devo of the human vertebral column: on homeotic transformations, pathologies and prenatal selection. Evol Biol. 39:456–471.
  • Thomas WB, Fingeroth JM. 2015. spondylosis deformans. In: Fingeroth JM, Thomas WB, editors. Advances in intervertebral disc disease in dogs and cats. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; p. 67–74.
  • Thompson DN, Slaney SF, Hall CM, Shaw D, Jones BM, Hayward RD. 1996. Congenital cervical spinal fusion; A study in apert syndrome. Pediatr Neurosurg. 25(1):20–27.
  • Tsukamoto N, Maeda T, Miura H, Jingushi S, Hosokawa A, Harimaya K, Higaki H, Kurata K, Iwamoto Y. 2006. Repetitive tensile stress to rat caudal vertebrae inducing cartilage formation in the spinal ligaments: a possible role of mechanical stress in the development of ossification of the spinal ligaments. J. Neurosurg.: Spine. 5(3):234–242.
  • Turner TA. 2011. Overriding spinous processes (“kissing spines”) in horses: diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in 212 cases. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 57:424–430.
  • van der Geer AA, Galis F. 2017. High incidence of cervical ribs indicates vulnerable condition in Late Pleistocene woolly rhinoceroses. PeerJ. 5:e3684.
  • VanBuren CS, Evans DC. 2017. Evolution and function of anterior cervical vertebral fusion in tetrapods. Biol Rev. 92:608–626.
  • Varela-Lasheras I, Bakker AJ, Van der Mije S, Van Alphen J, Galis F. 2011. Breaking evolutionary and pleiotropic constraints in mammals: on sloths, manatees and homeotic mutations. EvoDevo. 2(1):11.
  • Vizcaíno SF, Bargo MS, Cassini GH. 2006. Dental occlusal surface area in relation to body mass, food habits and other biologic features in fossil xenarthrans. Ameghiniana. 43(1):11–26.
  • Vizcaíno SF, Zárate M, Bargo MS, Dondas A. 2001. Pleistocene large burrows in the Mar del Plata area (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) and their probable builders. In: vizcaíno SF, Fariña RA, Janis C, editors. Biomechanics and paleobiology of vertebrates. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 46:157–169.
  • Witzmann F, Rothschild BM, Hampe O, Sobral G, Gubin YM, Asbach P. 2014. Congenital malformations of the vertebral column in ancient amphibians. Anat Histol Embryol. 43:90–102.
  • Xing L, Rothschild BM, Ran H, Miyashita T, Scott Persons WIV, Sekiya T, Zhang J, Wang T, Dong Z. 2015. Vertebral fusion in two Early Jurassic sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Lufeng Formation of Yunnan. China. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 60(3):643–649.
  • Yang A, Emig M, Akuthota V. 2014. Kissing spine and the retrodural space of Okada: more than just a kiss? PM&R. 6:287–289.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.