Publication Cover
Historical Biology
An International Journal of Paleobiology
Volume 33, 2021 - Issue 4
344
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

First 3D reconstruction and volumetric body mass estimate of the tapinocephalid dinocephalian Tapinocaninus pamelae (Synapsida: Therapsida)

ORCID Icon &
Pages 498-505 | Received 04 Jun 2019, Accepted 01 Jul 2019, Published online: 10 Jul 2019

References

  • Alexander RM. 1985. Mechanics of posture and gait of some large dinosaurs. Zool J Linnean Soc. 83:1–25.
  • Alexander RM. 1989. Dynamics of dinosaurs and other extinct giants. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Ambrosetti P. 1968. The pleistocene dwarf elephants of spinagallo (Siracusa South Eastern Sicily). Geol Rom. 7:277–398.
  • Anderson JE, Hall-Martin A, Russell DA. 1985. Long bone circumference and weight in mammals, birds and dinosaurs. J Zool. 207:53–61.
  • Bates KT, Falkingham PL, Breithaupt BH, Hodgetts D, Sellers WI, Manning PL. 2009. How big was ‘Big Al’? Quantifying the effect of soft tissue and osteological unknowns on mass predictions for Allosaurus (Dinosauria: theropoda). Palaeontol Electron. 12(14A):1–33A.
  • Bates KT, Falkingham PL, Macaulay S, Brassey C, Maidment SC. 2015. Downsizing a giant: re-evaluating Dreadnoughtus body mass. Biol Lett. 11:20150215.
  • Bellmann A, Suthau T, Stoinski S, Friedrich A, Hellwich O, Gunga H-C. 2005. 3D-modelling of dinosaurs. In:Grün/Kahmen, editor. Optical 3-D measurement techniques VII (Proceedings of the 7th Conference) Part 1; Vienna; p. 3–5.
  • Boonstra LD. 1946. Report on some reptilian fossils from Gunyanka’s kraal, Busi Valley. Trans Rhod Sci Ass. 41:1–4.
  • Boonstra LD. 1969. The fauna of the Tapinocephalus Zone (Beaufort beds of the Karoo). Ann S Afr Mus. 56:1–73.
  • Brassey CA. 2016. Body-mass estimation in paleontology: a review of volumetric techniques. Paleont Soc Pap. 22:133–156.
  • Brassey CA, Maidment SCR, Barrett PM. 2015. Body mass estimates of an exceptionally complete Stegosaurus (Ornithischia: thyreophora): comparing volumetric and linear bivariate mass estimation methods. Biol Lett. 11:20140984.
  • Campione NE, Evans DC. 2012. A universal scaling relationship between body mass and proximal limb bone dimensions in quadrupedal terrestrial tetrapods. BMC Biol. 10:60.
  • Castanera D, Pascual C, Razzolini NL, Vila B, Barco JL, Canudo JI. 2013. Discriminating between medium-sized tridactyl trackmakers: tracking ornithopod tracks in the base of the Cretaceous (Berriasian, Spain). PLoS One. 8:e81830.
  • Cheng Z, JI L. 1996. First record of a primitive anteosaurid dinocephalian from the Upper Permian of Gansu, China. Vert PalAs. 35:131–134.
  • Christiansen P. 2004. Body size in proboscideans, with notes on elephant metabolism. Zool J Linn Soc. 140:523–549.
  • Cisneros JC, Abdala F, Atayman-Güven S, Rubidge BS, Şengör AC, Schultz CL. 2012. Carnivorous dinocephalian from the middle permian of Brazil and tetrapod dispersal in Pangaea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109:1584–1588.
  • Citton P, Fabbi S, Cipriani A, Jansen M, Romano M. 2019. Hybodont dentition from the upper jurassic of monte nerone pelagic carbonate platform (Umbria‐Marche Apennine, Italy) and its ecological implications. Geol J. 54:278–290.
  • Citton P, Nicosia U, Nicolosi I, Carluccio R, Romano M. 2015. Elongated theropod tracks from the cretaceous apenninic carbonate platform of southern Latium (central Italy). Palaeontol Electron. 18:1–12.
  • Citton P, Romano M, Salvador I, Avanzini M. 2017. Reviewing the upper Pleistocene human footprints from the ‘Sala dei Misteri’ in the Grotta della Bàsura (Toirano, northern Italy) cave: an integrated morphometric and morpho-classificatory approach. Quat Sci Rev. 169:50–64.
  • Citton P, Ronchi A, Maganuco S, Caratelli M, Nicosia U, Sacchi E, Romano M. 2018. First tetrapod footprints from the Permian of Sardinia and their palaeontological and stratigraphical significance. Geol J. doi:10.1002/gj.3285
  • Ferretti MP. 2008. The dwarf elephant Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis from Puntali cave, Carini (Sicily; late middle Pleistocene): anatomy, systematics and phylogenetic relationships. Quat Int. 182:90–108.
  • Fourie H, Rubidge BS. 2009. The postcranial skeleton of the basal therocephalian Glanosuchus macrops (Scylacosauridae) and comparison of morphological and phylogenetic trends amongst the Theriodontia. Palaeontol Afr. 44:27–39.
  • Gould SJ. 1966. Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny. Biol Rev. 41:587–640.
  • Gregory WK. 1926. The skeleton of Moschops capensis Broom, a dinocephalian reptile from the Permian of South Africa. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 56:179–233.
  • Gunga HC, Suthau T, Bellmann A, Friedrich A, Schwanebeck T, Stoinski S, Trippel T, Kirsch K, Hellwich O. 2007. Body mass estimations for Plateosaurus engelhardti using laser scanning and 3D reconstruction methods. Naturwissenschaften. 94:623–630.
  • Gunga HC, Suthau T, Bellmann A, Stoinski S, Friedrich A, Trippel T, Kirsch K, Hellwich O. 2008. A new body mass estimation of Brachiosaurus brancai Janensch, 1914 mounted and exhibited at the Museum of Natural History (Berlin, Germany). Foss Rec. 11:33–38.
  • Henderson DM. 1999. Estimating the masses and centers of masses of extinct animals by 3-D mathematical slicing. Paleobiology. 25:88–106.
  • Herridge VL 2010. Dwarf elephants on Mediterranean islands: a natural experiment in parallel evolution. Doctoral dissertation, University College London, London (UK), v.1–2. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/133456.
  • Hong PY, Wheeler E, Cann IK, Mackie RI. 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of the fecal microbial community in herbivorous land and marine iguanas of the Galápagos Islands using 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing. Isme J. 5:1461–1470.
  • Hotton N III, Olson EC, Beerbower R. 1997. Amniote origins and the discovery of herbivory. In: Sumida SS, Martin KLM, editors. Amniote origins, completing the transition to land. San Diego: Academic Press; p. 207–264.
  • Hutchinson JR, T-H V, Anderson FC. 2007. A 3D interactive method for estimating body segmental parameters in animals: application to the turning and running performance of Tyrannosauus rex. J Theor Biol. 246:660–680.
  • Jenkins FA. 1971. The postcranial skeleton of African cynodonts. Bull Peabody Mus Nat Hist. 36:1–216.
  • Kammerer CF. 2011. Systematics of the anteosauria (Therapsida: dinocephalia). J Syst Palaeontol. 9:261–304.
  • Kemp TS. 1982. Mammal-like reptiles and the origin of mammals. London. Academic Press.
  • King GM. 1988. Anomodontia. In: Wellnhofer P, editor. Encyclopaedia of Paleoherpetology 17c. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer; p. 1–174.
  • Langer MC. 2000. The first record of dinocephalians in South America: late Permian (Rio do Rasto Formation of the Paraná Basin, Brazil). Neues Jahrb Geol P-A. 215:69–95.
  • Larramendi A. 2016. Shoulder height, body mass, and shape of proboscideans. Acta Palaeontol Pol. 61:537–574.
  • Lombardo MP. 2008. Access to mutualistic endosymbiotic microbes: an underappreciated benefit of group living. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 62:479–497.
  • Maddin H, Reisz RR. 2007. The morphology of the terminal phalanges in Permo-Carboniferous synapsids: an evolutionary perspective. Can J Earth Sci. 44:267–274.
  • McCrea RT, Tanke DH, Buckley LG, Lockley MG, Farlow JO, Xing L, Matthews NA, Helm CW, Pemberton SG, Breithaupt BH. 2015. Vertebrate ichnopathology: pathologies inferred from dinosaur tracks and trackways from the Mesozoic. Ichnos. 22:235–260.
  • McMahon TA. 1973. Size and shape in biology. Science. 179:1201–1204.
  • McMahon TA. 1975. Using body size to understand the structural design of animals. Quadrupedal locomotion. J Appl Physiol. 39:619–627.
  • Munyikwa D 2001. Cranial morphology of a primitive dinocephalian from the Madumabisa Mudstone Formation, Zimbabwe. Unpublished MSc. dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand.
  • Newell ND. 1949. Phyletic size increase, an important trend illustrated by fossil invertebrates. Evolution. 3:103–124.
  • Olson EC. 1968. The family Caseidae. Fieldiana Geol. 17:225–349.
  • Palombo MR. 2003. Elephas? Mammuthus? Loxodonta? The question of the true ancestor of the smallest dwarfed elephant of Sicily. Deinsea. 9:273–291.
  • Palombo MR, Ferretti MP, Pillola GL, Chiappini L. 2012. A reappraisal of the dwarfed mammoth Mammuthus lamarmorai (Major, 1883) from Gonnesa (south-western Sardinia, Italy). Quat Int. 255:158–170.
  • Petti FM, Petruzzelli M, Conti J, Spalluto L, Wagensommer A, Lamendola M, Francioso R, Montrone G, Sabato L, Tropeano M. 2018. The use of aerial and close-range photogrammetry in the study of dinosaur tracksites: lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian/lower Albian) Molfetta ichnosite (Apulia, southern Italy). Palaeontol Electron. 21:1–19.
  • Pianka ER. 1995. Evolution of body size: varanid lizards as a model system. Am Nat. 146:398–414.
  • Reisz RR. 1986. Pelycosauria. Handbook of paleoherpetology, part 17A. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
  • Romano M. 2017a. Long bone scaling of caseid synapsids: a combined morphometric and cladistic approach. Lethaia. 50:511–526.
  • Romano M. 2017b. Gut microbiota as a trigger of accelerated directional adaptive evolution: acquisition of herbivory in the context of extracellular vesicles, microRNAs and inter-kingdom crosstalk. Front Microbiol. 8:721.
  • Romano M, Brocklehurst N, Fröbisch J. 2018a. The postcranial skeleton of Ennatosaurus tecton (Synapsida, Caseasauria, Caseidae). J Syst Palaeontol. 16:1097–1122.
  • Romano M, Citton P. 2016. Crouching theropod in the seaside. Matching footprints with metatarsal impressions and theropod autopods: A morphometric approach. Geol Mag. 154:946–962.
  • Romano M, Citton P, Cipriani A, Fabbi S. 2018b. First report of hybodont shark from the toarcian rosso ammonitico formation of umbria-marche apennine (Polino area, Terni, Central Italy). Ital J Geosci. 137:151–159.
  • Romano M, Manucci F. 2019. Resizing Lisowicia bojani: volumetric body mass estimate and 3D reconstruction of the giant Late Triassic dicynodont. Hist Biol. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1631819
  • Romano M, Manucci F, Palombo MR. 2019. The smallest of the largest: new volumetric body mass estimate and in-vivo restoration of the dwarf elephant Palaeoloxodon ex gr. P. falconeri from Spinagallo Cave (Sicily). Hist Biol. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1617289
  • Romano M, Nicosia U. 2014. Alierasaurus ronchii gen. et sp. nov., a caseid from the Permian of Sardinia, Italy. J Vertebr Paleontol. 34:900–913.
  • Romano M, Ronchi A, Maganuco S, Nicosia U. 2017. New material of Alierasaurus ronchii (Synapsida, Caseidae) from the Permian of Sardinia (Italy), and its phylogenetic affinities. Palaeontol Electron. 20:1–27.
  • Romano M, Rubidge B. 2019. Long bone scaling in Captorhinidae: do limb bones scale according to elastic similarity in sprawling basal amniotes?. Lethaia. doi:10.1111/let.12319
  • Ronchi A, Sacchi E, Romano M, Nicosia U. 2011. A huge caseid pelycosaur from north−western Sardinia and its bearing on European Permian stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography. Acta Palaeontol Pol. 56:723–739.
  • Rubidge B, Govender R, Romano M. 2019. The postcranial skeleton of the basal tapinocephalid dinocephalian Tapinocaninus pamelae (Synapsida: therapsida) from the South Afr ican Karoo Supergroup. J Syst Palaeontol. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1559244
  • Rubidge BS. 1993. New South African fossil links with the earliest mammal-like reptile (Therapsid) faunas from Russia. S Afr J Sci. 89:460–461.
  • Rubidge BS. 1995. Did mammals originate in Africa? South African fossils and the Russian connection. S Afr Mus Sid Haugh Mem Lect. 4:1–14.
  • Rubidge BS. 2005. Re-uniting lost continents – fossil reptiles from the ancient Karoo and their wanderlust. S Afr J Geol. 108:135–172.
  • Scarborough ME, Palombo MR, Chinsamy A. 2016. Insular adaptations in the astragalus-calcaneus of Sicilian and Maltese dwarf elephants. Quat Int. 406:111–122.
  • Seitz SM, Curless B, Diebel J, Scharstein D, Szeliski R 2006. A comparison and evaluation of multi-view stereo reconstruction algorithms. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR”06) 0–7695–2597-0/06,1,519528, New York, NY, USA.
  • Sellers WI, Hepworth-Bell J, Falkingham PL, Bates KT, Brassey CA, Egerton VM, Manning PL. 2012. Minimum convex hull mass estimations of complete mounted skeletons. Biol Lett. 8:842–845.
  • Sidor CA, Angielczyk KD, Smith RMH, Goulding AK, Nesbitt SJ, Peecook BR, Steyer S, Tolan S. 2014. Tapinocephalids (Therapsida, Dinocephalia) from the permian madumabisa mudstone formation (Lower Karoo, Mid-Zambezi Basin) of Southern Zambia. J Vertebr Paleontol. 34:980–986.
  • Sigogneau-Rusell D. 1989. Theriodontia I. In: Wellnhofer P, editor. Encyclopedia of paleoherpetology, Part 17B. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag; p. 1–127.
  • Simon RV, Sidor CA, Angielczyk KD, Smith RMH. 2010. First record of a tapinocephalid (Therapsida: dinocephalia) from the Ruhuhu Formation (Songea Group) of southern Tanzania. J Vertebr Paleontol. 30:1289–1293.
  • Sondaar PY. 1977. Insularity and its effect on mammal evolution. In: Edwards JL, Hecht MK, Googy PC, Hecht BM, editors. Major patterns in vertebrate evolution. Boston (MA): Springer; p. 671–707.
  • Stanley SM. 1973. An explanation for Cope’s Rule. Evolution. 27:1–26.
  • Stovall JW, Price LI, Romer AS. 1966. The postcranial skeleton of the giant Permian pelycosaur Cotylorhynchus romeri. Bull Mus Comp Zool. 135:1–30.
  • Sues HD, Reisz RR. 1998. Origins and early evolution of herbivory in tetrapods. Trends Ecol Evol. 13:141–145.
  • Sulej T, Niedźwiedzki G. 2019. An elephant-sized late triassic synapsid with erect limbs. Science. 363:78–80. doi:10.1126/science.aal4853
  • Tchudinov PK. 1983. Early therapsids. Trudy Paleontol Inst. 202:1–227. InRussian.
  • Ullman S. 1979. The interpretation of structure from motion. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 203:405–426.
  • Wedel MJ. 2003. Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs. Paleobiology. 29:243–255.
  • Wedel MJ. 2005. Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropods and its implications for mass estimates. In: Wilson JA, Curry-Rogers K, editors. The Sauropods: evolution and Paleobiology. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press; p. 201–228.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.