Different types of bone fractures in dinosaur fossils

References

• Anné J, Garwood RJ, Lowe T, Withers PJ, Manning PL. 2015. Interpreting pathologies in extant and extinct archosaurs using micro-CT. Peer J. 3:e1130 doi:https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anné J, Hedric BP, Schein JP. 2016. First diagnosis of septic arthritis in a dinosaur. Roy Soc Open Sci. 3:160–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbour VM, Currie PJ. 2011. Tail and pelvis pathologies of ankylosaurian dinosaurs. Hist Biol. 23:375–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa FHS, Pereira PVLG, Bergqvist LP, Rothschild BM. 2016. Multiple neoplasms in a single dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil. Cretaceous Res. 62:13–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsbold R. 1998. Fighting dinosaurs—they really fought. In: de Carvalho AMG, Cacháo MAP, Andrade AMPSAF, da Silva CAPFM, dos Santos VAF (eds) I Encontro Internacional sobre Paleobiologia dos Dinossáurios: Programa de Musealizacçáo para Pistas de Dinossáurios em Portugal. Museu Nacional de História Natural, Lisbon, pp 74–78.
   Google Scholar
• Bell PR, Coria RA. 2013. Palaeopathological survey of a population of Mapusaurus (Theropoda: Carcharodontosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous Huincul Formation, Argentina. PLoS One. 8:63409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffetaue E, Maze JM. 2003. Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geol Soc. 217:55–63.
   Google Scholar
• Buikstra JE, Roberts CA. 2012. The global history of Paleopathology. Pioneers and prospects. Oxford: Oxford University Press; p. 1–212.
   Google Scholar
• Butler R, Yates A, Rauhut O, Foth C. 2013. A pathological tail in a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from South Africa, evidence of traumatic amputation? J Vertebr Paleontol. 33:224–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen XP, Wang JP. 2013. Surgery. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House; p. 1–838.
   Google Scholar
• Chinsamy-Turan A. 2005. The microstructure of dinosaur bone, deciphering biology with fine-scale techniques. Baltimore (Maryland): Johns Hopkins University Press; p. 1–216.
   Google Scholar
• Clark JM, Norell MA, Chiappe LM. 1999. An oviraptorid skeleton from the Late Cretaceous of Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia, preserved in an avianlike brooding position over an oviraptorid nest. Am Mus Novit. 3265:1–36.
   Google Scholar
• Dumbravă MD, Rothschild BM, Csiki-Sava Z, Andrei A, Solomon AA, Codrea VA. 2016. A dinosaurian facial deformity and the first occurrence of ameloblastoma in the fossil record. Sci Rep. 6:29271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farke AA, O’Connor PM. 2007. Pathology in Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda, Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. J Vertebr Paleontol. 27:180–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foth C, Bona P, Desojo JB. 2015. Intraspecific variation in the skull morphology of the black caiman Melanosuchus niger (Alligatoridae, Caimaninae). Acta Zool. 96:1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao YH. 1992. Yangchuanosaurus hepingensis-a new species of carnosaur from Zigong, Sichuan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 30(4):313–324.
   Google Scholar
• Gao YH. 1999. A complete carnosaur skeleton from Zigong, Sichuan-Yangchuanosaurus hepingensis. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press; p. 1–81.
   Google Scholar
• García RA, Cerda IA, Heller M, Rothschild BM, Zurriaguz V. 2016. The first evidence of osteomyelitis in a sauropod dinosaur. Lethaia. 50:227–236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez R, Gallina PA, Cerda IA. 2017. Multiple paleopathologies in the dinosaur Bonitasaura salgadoi (Sauropoda, Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Res. 79:159–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna RR. 2002. Multiple injury and infection in a sub adult theropod dinosaur Allosaurus fragilis with comparisons to allosaur pathology in the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry Collection. J Vertebr Paleontol. 22:76–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao BQ, Ye Y, Maidment SCR, Bertazzo S, Peng GZ, You HL. 2018a. Femoral osteopathy in Gigantspinosaurussichuanensis (Dinosauria: Stegosauria) from the Late Jurassic of Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China. Hist Biol. 1–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2018.1561673
   Google Scholar
• Hao BQ, Zhang QN, Peng GZ, Ye Y, You HL. 2018b. Redescription of Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis (Dinosauria, Stegosauria) from the Late Jurassic of Sichuan, Southwestern China. Acta Geol Sin (English edition). 92:431–441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hearn L, Williams. 2019. A pain in dinosaurs, what is the evidence? R Soc. 374:1785.
   Google Scholar
• Hedrick BP, Gao C, Tumarkin-Deratzian AR, Shen C, Holloway JL, Zhang F, Hankenson KD, Liu S, Anné J, Dodson P. 2016. An injured Psittacosaurus (Dinosauria, Ceratopsia) from the Yixian Formation (Liaoning, China), implications for Psittacosaurus biology. Anat Rec. 299:897–906.
   Google Scholar
• Hone DWE, Tanke DH. 2015. Pre- and postmortem tyrannosaurid bite marks on the remains of Daspletosaurus (Tyrannosaurinae, Theropoda) from Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. PeerJ. 3:e885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hone DWE, Witton MP, Habib MB. 2018. Evidence for the Cretaceous shark cretoxyrhina mantelli feeding on the pterosaur Pteranodon from the Niobrara Formation. PeerJ. 6:6031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt TC, Peterson JE, Frederickson JA, Cohen JE, Berry JL. 2019. First documented pathologies in Tenontosaurus tilletti with comments on infection in non-avian dinosaurs. Sci Rep. 9:8705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jago JB, Haines PW. 2002. Repairs to an injured early Middle Cambrian trilobite, Elkedra area, Northern Territory. Alcheringa. 26:19–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapner PC, Uhthoff HK, Papp S. 2008. Scapula fractures. Orthopedic Clin North Am. 39(4):459–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JW, Deng TT. 2004. Chinese medicine dictionary. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House; p. 1–2007. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Lü JC, David M, Unwin D, Deeming C, Jin XS, Liu YQ, Ji Q. 2011. An egg-adult association, gender, and reproduction in Pterosaurs. Science. 331:321–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lü JC, Kobayashi Y, Lee YN, Ji Q. 2007. A new Psittacosaurus (Dinosauria, Ceratopsia) specimen from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China, the first pathological psittacosaurid. Cretaceous Res. 28:272–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molnar RE. 2001. Theropod paleopathology, a literature survey. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; p. 337–363.
   Google Scholar
• Motani R, Jiang DY, Tintori A, Rieppel O, Chen GB. 2014. Terrestrial origin of Viviparity in mesozoic marine reptiles indicated by early triassic embryonic fossils. PLoS One. 9(2):e88640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang H. 1992. New discovery of upper Jurassic stegosaurian skin from Zigong, Sichuan. J Chengdu Coll Geol. 18:38–39. (in Chinese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Peterson JE, Vittore CP. 2012. Cranial pathologies in a specimen of Pachycephalosaurus. PLoS One. 7:e36227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pu H, Zelenitsky DK, Lü JC, Currie PJ, Carpenter K, Xu L, Koppelhus EB, Jia S, Xiao L, Chuang H, et al. 2017. Perinate and eggs of a giant caenagnathid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of central China. Nat Commun. 8(14952):1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qin Y. 2004. Fracture heeling, delayed union and nonunion. Chin J Orthop Trauma. 9:1059–1062.
   Google Scholar
• Redelstorff R, Hayashi S, Rothschild BM, Chinsamy A. 2015. Non-traumatic bone infection in stegosaurs from Como Bluff, Wyoming. Lethaia. 48:47–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rega E. 2012. Disease in dinosaurs. In: Brett-Surman MK, Holtz TRJ, Farlow JO, editors. The complete dinosaur. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; p. 666–711.
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild BM. 2010. Macroscopic recognition of nontraumatic osseous pathology in the postcranial skeletons of crocodilians and lizards. J Herpetol. 44:13–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothschild BM, Martin LD. 2006. Skeletal impact of disease. New Mexico Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull. 33:1–226.
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild BM, Panza RK. 2005. Epidemiologic assessment of trauma-independent skeletal pathology in non-passerine birds from museum collections. Avian Pathol. 34:212–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothschild BM, Robinson L, Witt M, Koay J, Cline H. 2018. Radiologic/histologic discrepancies in tumour identification, Thecaseofa “basketball‐sized” mandibular tumour in a woman from 17th century West Virginia. Int J Osteoarchaeol. 28(6):775–781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothschild BM, Tanke DH. 2005. Theropod paleopathology, state of the art review. In: Carpenter K, editor. The carnivorous dinosaurs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; p. 351–365.
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild BM, Witzke BJ, Hershkovitz I. 1999. Metastatic cancer in the Jurassic. Lancet. 354:398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothschild BM, Zheng XT, Martin L. 2012. Osteoarthritis in the early avian radiation, earliest recognition of the disease in birds. Cretaceous Res. 35:178–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senter P, Juengst SL. 2016. Record-breaking pain: the largest number and variety of forelimb bone maladies in a theropod dinosaur. PLoS One. 11:e0149140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snajdr M. 1979. Two trinucleid trilobites with repair of traumatic injury. Vest Ustred Ustavu Geol. 4(1):49–50.
   Google Scholar
• Straight WH, Davis GL, Skinner CW, Haims A, McClennan BL, Tanke DH. 2009. Bone lesions in hadrosaurs, computed tomographic imaging as a guide for paleohistologic and stable-isotope analysis. J Vertebr Paleontol. 29:315–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanke DH, Rothschild BM. 2002. Dinosaurs: an annotated bibliography of dinosaur paleopathology and related topics 1838–2001. New Mexico Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull. 20:1–97.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson DA, Flynn TC, Miller PW. 1985. The significance of scapular fractures. J Trauma. 25(10):974–977.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Witzmann F, Asbach P, Remes K, Hampe O, Hilger A, Paulke A. 2008. Vertebral pathology in an ornithopod dinosaur, a hemivertebra in Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki from the Jurassic of Tanzania. Anat Rec. 291:1149–1155.
   Google Scholar
• Witzmann F, Schwarz-Wings D, Hampe O, Fritsch G, Asbach P. 2014. Evidence of spondyloarthropathy in the spine of a phytosaur (Reptilia, Archosauriformes) from the Late Triassic of Halberstadt, Germany. PLoS One. 9:85511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu XJ, Jin CZ, Cai YJ, Zhang YQ, Wang Y, Qin DG, Pan WS. 2013. Dental caries and mandibular anomalies of earlier modern humans from the Zhirendong Site, Chongzuo, Guangxi. Acta Anthropologica Sinica. 03:293–301.
   Google Scholar
• Xing LD, Dong H, Peng GZ, Shu CK, Hu XD, Jiang H. 2009. A scapular fracture in Yangchuanosaurus hepingensis (Dinosauria, Theropoda). Geol Bull China. 28:1390–1395.
   Google Scholar
• Xing LD, Rothschild BM, Randolph-Quinney PS, Wang Y, Parkinson AH, Ran H. 2018. Possible bite-induced abscess and osteomyelitis in Lufengosaurus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorph) from the Lower Jurassic of the Yimen Basin, China. Sci Rep. 8:5045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yara H, Florian W, Patrick A. 2019. Triassic cancer—osteosarcoma in a 240-million-year-old stem-Turtle. Jama Oncol. 5(3):425–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar