Mortality dynamics and fossilisation pathways of a new metoposaurid-dominated multitaxic bonebed from India: a window into the Late Triassic vertebrate palaeoecosystem

References

• Ahmed F, Ray S. 2010. Paleoclimate of upper triassic India: new observations from Rewa Gondwana basin. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 74:A36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen JRL, Williams BPJ. 1979. Interfluvial drainage on Siluro-Devonian alluvial plains in Wales and the Welsh borders. J Geol Soc London. 136:361–366.
   Google Scholar
• Asakura Y, da Silva JLL, da Silva APL, da Silva EPA, Omena ÉC. 2016. Taphonomic and sedimentological aspects from PICOS II paleontological site, a quaternary pond deposit of Alagoas, Brazil. J South Am Earth Sci. 71:161–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astibia H, Herrero JM, Elorza JJ. 1990. An example of petrographic microscopy and X-ray diffractions techniques as tools in vertebrate taphonomic analysis of some spanish fossil material. In: Fernandez S, editor. Comunicaciones de la Reunion de Tafonomia y Fosilizacion [Communications from the taphonomy and fossilization meeting]. Madrid: Univ Complutense; p. 27–39. Spanish.
   Google Scholar
• Badgley C. 1986. Counting individuals in mammalian fossil assemblages from fluvial environments. Palaios. 1:328–338.
   Google Scholar
• Badgley C, Downs W, Flynn LJ. 1998. Taphonomy of small-mammal fossil assemblages from the middle Miocene Chinji formation, Siwalik group, Pakistan. Natl Sci Mus Monogr. 14:145–166.
   Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay S. 1988. Vertebrate fossils from the Pranhita-Godavari valley of India with special reference to the Yerrapalli formation. Mod Geol. 13:107–117.
   Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay S. 2011. Non-marine Triassic vertebrates of India. In: Calvo JO, Porfiri J, Gonzalez B, Santos DD, editors. Paleontología y Dinosaurios desde América Latina: EDIUNC. Mendoza (Argentina): Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; p. 33–46.
   Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay S, Ray S. 2020. Gondwana vertebrate faunas of India: their diversity and intercontinental relationships. Episodes. 43:438–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay S, RoyChowdhury TK, Sengupta DP. 2002. Taphonomy of some Gondwana vertebrate assemblages of India. Sediment Geol. 147:219–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao H, Koch PL, Hepple RP. 1998. Hematite and calcite coatings on fossil vertebrates. J Sediment Res. 68:727–738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrensmeyer AK. 1975. The taphonomy and paleoecology of Plio-Pleistocene vertebrate assemblages east of Lake Rudolf Kenya. Bull Mus Comp Zool. 146:473–578.
   Google Scholar
• Behrensmeyer AK. 1978. Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering. Paleobiology. 4:150–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrensmeyer AK. 1991. Terrestrial vertebrate accumulations. In: Allison PA, Briggs DEG, editors. Taphonomy: releasing the data locked in the fossil record. Topics in Geobiology 9. New York (NY): Plenum; p. 291–335.
   Google Scholar
• Behrensmeyer AK. 2007. Bonebeds through time. In: Rogers RR, Eberth DA, Fiorillo AR, editors. Bonebeds: genesis, analysis and paleobiological significance. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; p. 65–101.
   Google Scholar
• Benton MJ. 2014. Vertebrate Palaeontology. United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Bhat MS 2018. A new assemblage of vertebrate microfossils from India: a window on late Triassic biodiversity and paleobiogeography [dissertation]. Kharagpur (India): Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
   Google Scholar
• Bhat MS, Ray S. 2020. A record of new lungfishes (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi) from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of India. Hist Biol. 32:428–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhat MS, Ray S, Datta PM. 2018a. A new hybodont shark (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India with remarks on its dental histology and biostratigraphy. J Paleontol. 92:221–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhat MS, Ray S, Datta PM. 2018b. A new assemblage of freshwater sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Triassic of India. Geobios. 51:269–283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blob RW, Badgley C. 2007. Numerical methods for bonebed analysis. In: Rogers RR, Eberth DA, Fiorillo AR, editors. Bonebeds: genesis, analysis, and paleobiological significance. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; p. 333–396.
   Google Scholar
• Blumenschine RJ. 1986. Carcass consumption sequences and the archaeological distinction of scavenging and hunting. J Hum Evol. 15:639–659.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodzioch A, Kowal-Linka M. 2012. Unraveling the origin of the Late Triassic multitaxic bone accumulation at Krasiejów (S Poland) by diagenetic analysis. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 346:25–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bown TM, Kraus MJ. 1981. Vertebrate fossil-bearing paleosol units (Willwood Formation, Lower Eocene, northwest Wyoming, USA): implications for taphonomy, biostratigraphy, and assemblage analysis. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 34:31–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkman DB, Eberth DA, Currie PJ. 2007. From bonebeds to paleobiology: applications of bonebed data. In: Rogers RR, Eberth DA, Fiorillo AR, editors. Bonebeds: genesis, analysis, and paleobiological significance. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; p. 221–264.
   Google Scholar
• Bristow CS, Best JL. 1993. Braided rivers: perspectives and problems. Geol Soc Spec Publ London. 75:1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1989. A sauropod skeleton associated with theropod teeth in the Upper Jurassic of Thailand: remarks on the taphonomic and palaeoecological significance of such associations. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 73:77–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burman P. 1980. Palaeosols in the reading beds (Paleocene) of Alum Bay, Isle of Wight, UK. Sedimentology. 27:593–606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter DO, Yellowlees D, Tibbett M. 2007. Cadaver decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Naturwissenschaften. 94:12–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty T, Chakraborty C, Ghosh P. 2000. Recognition and analysis of fluvial deposits: a brief overview. Indian Jour Geol. 72:77–106.
   Google Scholar
• Chakravorti S, Sengupta DP. 2019. Taxonomy, morphometry and morphospace of cranial bones of Panthasaurus gen. nov. maleriensis from the Late Triassic of India. J Iber Geol. 45:317–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee S. 1974. A rhynchosaur from the Upper Triassic Maleri formation of India. Philos Trans R Soc London. B267:209–261.
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee S. 1978. A primitive parasuchid (phytosaur) reptile from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India. Palaeontology. 21:83–127.
   Google Scholar
• Cincotta A, Yans J, Godefroit P, Garcia G, Dejax J, Benammi M, Amico S, Valentin X. 2015. Integrated paleoenvironmental reconstruction and taphonomy of a unique Upper Cretaceous vertebrate-bearing locality (Velaux, southeastern France). PLoS One. 10:e0134231. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobaugh KL, Schaeffer SM, De Bruyn JM. 2015. Functional and structural succession of soil microbial communities below decomposing human cadavers. PLoS One. 10(6):e0130201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collinson JD. 1996. Alluvial Sediments. In: Reading HG, editor. Sedimentary environments: processes, facies and stratigraphy. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science; p. 37–81.
   Google Scholar
• Collinson JD, Mountney N, Thompson DB. 2006. Sedimentary structures. 3rd ed. London: Terra Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Cook E, Trueman CV. 2009. Taphonomy and geochemistry of a vertebrate microremains assemblage from the early triassic karst deposits at Czatkowice 1, southern Poland. Palaeont Pol. 65:17–30.
   Google Scholar
• Coombs MC, Coombs WP Jr. 1997. Analysis of the geology, fauna, and taphonomy of Morava Ranch Quarry, early Miocene of northwest Nebraska. Palaios. 12:165–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta S, Ghosh P, Gierlowski-Kordesch EH. 2017. A discontinuous ephemeral stream transporting mud aggregates in a continental rift basin: the Late Triassic Maleri Formation, India. J Sediment Res. 87:838–865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta D, Kumar N, Ray S. 2019b. Taxonomic identification of isolated phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) teeth from the Upper Triassic of India and their significances. Hist Biol. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1613652
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta D, Mukherjee D, Ray S. 2020. Taphonomic signatures of a new Upper Triassic phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) bonebed from India: aggregation of a juvenile-dominated palaeocommunity. J Vert Paleontol. 39. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1726361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta D, Ray S, Bandyopadhyay S. 2019a. Cranial morphology of a new phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for phytosaur phylogeny and biostratigraphy. Pap Palaeontol. doi:10.1002/spp2.1292
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denys C, Stoetzel E, Andrews P, Bailon S, Rihane A, Huchet JB, Fernandez-Jalvo Y, Laroulandie V. 2018. Taphonomy of small predators multi-taxa accumulations: palaeoecological implications. Hist Biol. 30:868–881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubiel RF. 1987. Sedimentology of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, southeastern Utah: paleoclimatic implications. J Arizona-Nevada Acad Sci. 22:35–45.
   Google Scholar
• Dubiel RF, Parrish JT, Parrish JM, Good SC. 1991. The Pangaean megamonsoon: evidence from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Colorado Plateau. Palaios. 6:347–370.
   Google Scholar
• Dutuit JM. 1976. Introduction à l’étude paléontologique du Trias Continental marocain. Descriptions des premiers stegocephales recueillis dans le Couloir d’Argana (Atlas occidental) [Introduction to the paleontological study of the Moroccan Continental Triassic. Descriptions of the first stegocephals collected in the Argana Corridor (Western Atlas)]. Mém Mus Natl Hist Nat, Sér C Sci Terre. 36: 1–253. French.
   Google Scholar
• Dyke GJ, Malakhov DV. 2004. Abundance and taphonomy of dinosaur teeth and other vertebrate remains from the Bostobynskaya Formation, north-east Aral Sea region, Republic of Kazakhstan. Cret Res. 25:669–674.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberth DA, Shannon M, Noland BG. 2007a. A bonebeds database: classification, biases, and patterns of occurrence. In: Rogers RR, Eberth DA, Fiorillo AR, editors. Bonebeds: genesis, analysis, and paleobiological significance. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; p. 103–219.
   Google Scholar
• Eberth DA, Rogers RR, Fiorillo AR. 2007b. A practical approach to the study of bonebeds. In: Rogers RR, Eberth DA, Fiorillo AR, editors. Bonebeds: genesis, analysis, and paleobiological significance. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; p. 265–331.
   Google Scholar
• Elorza J, Astibia H, Murelaga X, Pereda-Suberbiola X. 1999. Francolite as a diagenetic mineral in dinosaur and other Upper Cretaceous reptile bones (Laño, Iberian Peninsula): microstructural, petrological and geochemical features. Cret Res. 20:169–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fielding CR. 2006. Upper flow regime sheets, lenses and scour fills: extending the range of architectural elements for fluvial sediment bodies. Sediment Geol. 190:227–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorillo AR. 1988. Taphonomy of Hazard Homestead Quarry (Ogallala Group), Hitchcock County, Nebraska. Contrib Geol Univ Wyoming. 26:57–97.
   Google Scholar
• Fiorillo AR, Padian K, Musikasinthorn C. 2000. Taphonomy and depositional setting of the Placerias Quarry (Chinle Formation: Late Triassic, Arizona). Palaios. 15:373–386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friend PF. 1966. Clay fractions and colours of some Devonian red beds in the Catskill Mountains, USA. Quart J Geol Soc Lond. 122:273–292.
   Google Scholar
• Frostick L, Reid I. 1983. Taphonomic significance of sub-aerial transport of vertebrate fossils on steep semi-arid slopes. Lethaia. 16:157–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galobart A. 2003. Aspectos tafonómicos de los yacimientos del Pleistoceno inferior de Incarcal (Crespià, NE de la Península Ibérica). Paleontologia I Evolució. 34:211–220.
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh P, Sarkar S. 2011. Pedogenic and sedimentologic criteria for recognition of overbank sub-environments in a Triassic anabranching-river deposit. In: Davidson S, North CP, Leleu S, editors. From river to rock record: the preservation of fluvial sediments and their subsequent interpretation. SEPM Special Publ. 97, McLean, Virginia: GeoScienceWorld; p. 125 ̶142.
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh P, Sarkar S, Maulik P. 2006. Sedimentology of a muddy alluvial deposit: Triassic Denwa Formation, India. Sediment Geol. 191:3–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes-Graz D, Alonso-Zarza AM. 2003. Reworked calcretes: their significance in the reconstruction of alluvial sequences (Permian and Triassic, Minorca, Balearic Islands, Spain). Sediment Geol. 158:299–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Good SC. 2004. Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic significance of freshwater bivalves in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Western Interior, USA. Sediment Geol. 167:163–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandstaff DE, Terry DO Jr. 2009. Rare earth element composition of Paleogene vertebrate fossils from Toadstool Geologic Park, Nebraska, USA. J Appl Geochem. 24:733–745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnell GF, Morgan ME, Maas MC, Gingerich PD. 1995. Comparative paleoecology of Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: trophic structure and composition. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 115:265–286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley BA, Klinkhammer GP, McManus J. 2004. Rare earth elements in pore waters of marine sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 68:1265–1279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckert AB. 2004. Late Triassic microvertebrates from the Upper Triassic Chinle Group (Otischalkian-Adamanian: Carnian), southwestern U.S.A. New Mexico Mus Natl Hist Sci Bull. 27:1–170.
   Google Scholar
• Holz M, Barberena MC. 1994. Taphonomy of the south Brazilian Triassic paleoherpetofauna: pattern of death, transport and burial. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 107:179–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holz M, Souto-Ribeiro A. 2000. Taphonomy of the south-brazilian Triassic vertebrates. Rev Bras De Geo. 30:491–494.
   Google Scholar
• Jain SL, Robinson PL, Roy Chowdhury TK. 1962. A new vertebrate fauna from the Early Jurassic of Deccan, India. Nature. 194:755–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johannesson KH, Zhou X. 1999. Origin of middle rare earth element enrichments in acid waters of a Canadian High Arctic lake. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 63:153–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junk WJ. 1997. General aspects of floodplain ecology with special reference to Amazonian floodplains. In: Junk WJ, editor, The Central Amazon Floodplain. Berlin (Heidelberg): Springer; p. 3–20.
   Google Scholar
• Keenan SW, Engel AS. 2017. Early diagenesis and recrystallization of bone. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 196:209–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocsis L, Ősi A, Vennemann T, Trueman CN, Palmer MR. 2009. Geochemical study of vertebrate fossils from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Csehbánya Formation (Hungary): evidence for a freshwater habitat of mosasaurs and pycnodont fish. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 280:532–542.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konietzko-Meier D, Bodzioch A, Sander PM. 2012. Histological characteristics of the vertebral intercentra of Metoposaurus diagnosticus (Temnospondyli) from the Upper Triassic of Krasiejów (Upper Silesia, Poland). Earth Env Sci Trans Roy Soc Edinburgh. 103:237–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowal-Linka M, Jochum KP, Surmik D. 2014. LA-ICP-MS analysis of rare earth elements in marine reptile bones from the Middle Triassic bonebed (Upper Silesia, S Poland): impact of long-lasting diagenesis, and factors controlling the uptake. Chem Geol. 363:213–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langston W. 1953. Permian amphibians from New Mexico. California: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lécuyer C, Reynard B, Grandjean P. 2004. Rare earth element evolution of Phanerozoic seawater recorded in biogenic apatites. Chem Geol. 204:63–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas SG, Rinehar LF, Krainer K, Spielmann JA, Heckert AB. 2010. Taphonomy of the Lamy amphibian quarry: a Late Triassic bonebed in New Mexico, USA. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 298:388–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyman RL. 1994. Relative abundances of skeletal specimens and taphonomic analysis of vertebrate remains. Palaios. 9:288–298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyman RL. 2008. Climatic implications of latest Pleistocene and earliest Holocene mammalian sympatries in Eastern Washington State, USA. Quart Res. 70:426–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mack GH, James WC, Monger HC. 1993. Classification of paleosols. Geol Soc Am Bull. 105:129–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marriott SB, Wright VP. 1996. Sediment recycling on Silurian–Devonian floodplains. J Geol Soc London. 153:661–664.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metzger CA, Jr DO T, Grandstaff DE. 2004. Effect of paleosol formation on rare earth element signatures in fossil bone. Geology. 32:497–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee D. 2015. New insights from bone microanatomy of the Late Triassic Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria): implications for archosauromorph growth strategy. Palaeontology. 58:313–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee D, Ray S. 2012. Taphonomy of an Upper Triassic vertebrate bonebed: a new rhynchosaur (Reptilia; Archosauromorpha) accumulation from India. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 333–334:75–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee D, Ray S. 2014. A new Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for rhynchosaur phylogeny. Palaeontology. 57:1241–1276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee D, Ray S, Chandra S, Pal S, Bandyopadhyay S. 2012. Upper Gondwana succession of the Rewa basin, India: understanding the interrelationship of lithologic and stratigraphic variables. J Geol Soc India. 79:563–575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee D, Sengupta DP, Rakshit N. 2020. New biological insights into the Middle Triassic capitosaurs from India as deduced from limb bone anatomy and histology. Pap Palaeontol. 6:93–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers TP, Voorhies MR, Corner RG. 1980. Spiral fractures and bone pseudotools at paleontological sites. Am Antiq. 45:483–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Njau JK, Blumenschine RJ. 2006. A diagnosis of crocodile feeding traces on larger mammal bone, with fossil examples from the Plio-Pleistocene Olduvai Basin, Tanzania. J Hum Evol. 50:142–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ounis A, Kocsis L, Chaabani F, d Pfeifer HR. 2008. Rare earth elements and stable isotope geochemistry (δ13C and δ18O) of phosphorite deposits in the Gafsa Basin, Tunisia. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 268:1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Parrish JM. 1989. Vertebrate paleoecology of the Chinle Formation (Late Triassic) of the southwestern United States. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 72:227–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick D, Martin JE, Parris DC, Grandstaff DE. 2004. Paleoenvironmental interpretations of rare earth element signatures in mosasaurs (reptilia) from the upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale, central South Dakota, USA. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 212:277–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picard S, Lécuyer C, Barrat JA, Garcia JP, Dromart G, Sheppard SM. 2002. Rare earth element contents of Jurassic fish and reptile teeth and their potential relation to seawater composition (Anglo-Paris Basin, France and England). Chem Geol. 186:1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pobiner B. 2008. Paleoecological information in predator tooth marks. J Taphonomy. 6:373–397.
   Google Scholar
• Prasad GVR, Singh K, Parmar V, Goswami A, Sudan CS. 2008. Hybodont shark teeth from the continental Upper Triassic deposits of India. In: Arratia G, Schultze H-P, Wilson MVH, editors. Mesozoic fishes. 4: homology and phylogeny. Germany: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil; p. 413–432.
   Google Scholar
• Previtera E, Mancuso AC, Marcelo S, Sánchez ES. 2016. Diagenetic analysis of tetrapod from the Upper Triassic, Puesto Viejo Group, Argentina. Andean Geol. 43:197–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu X, Liu C, Mao G, Deng Y, Wang F, Wang J. 2015. Major, trace and platinum-group element geochemistry of the Upper Triassic nonmarine hot shales in the Ordos basin, Central China. J Appl Geochem. 53:42–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakshit N, Bhat MS, Mukherjee D, Ray S. 2019. First record of Mesozoic scroll coprolites: classification, characteristics, elemental composition and probable producers. Palaeontology. 62:451–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakshit N, Bhat MS, Ray S, Datta PM. 2018. First report of dinosaurian claws from the Late Triassic of India. Palaeoworld. 27:179–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray S, Bandyopadhyay S. 2003. Late Permian vertebrate community of the Pranhita–Godavari valley, India. J Asian Earth Sci. 21:643–654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray S, Bhat MS, Datta PM. 2019. First record of varied archosauriforms from the Upper Triassic of India based on isolated teeth, and their biostratigraphic implications. Hist Biol. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1609957
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid I, Frostick LE. 1985. Role of settling, entrainment and dispersive equivalence and of interstice trapping in placer formation. J Geol Soc. 142:739–746.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynard B, Lécuyer C, Grandjean P. 1999. Crystal-chemical controls on rare-earth element concentrations in fossil biogenic apatites and implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Chem Geol. 155:233–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson PL. 1958. Some new vertebrate fossils from the Panchet Series of West Bengal. Nature. 182:1722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers RR. 1990. Taphonomy of three dinosaur bone beds in the upper cretaceous two medicine formation of northwestern Montana: evidence for drought-related mortality. Palaios. 5:394–413.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers RR, Arcucci AB, Abdala F, Sereno PC, Forster CA, May CI. 2001. Paleoenvironment and taphonomy of the Chañares formation tetrapod assemblage (Middle Triassic), northwestern Argentina: spectacular preservation in volcanogenic concretions. Palaios. 16:461–481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoyChowdhury T. 1965. A new metoposaurid amphibian from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of Central India. Philos Trans R Soc London. B250:1–52.
   Google Scholar
• Sahni MR, Tewari AP. 1958. New unionids from the Triassic (Gondwana) rocks of Tihki, Vindhya Pradesh and Maleri, Hyderabad, Deccan. Rec Geol Surv India. 87:406–417.
   Google Scholar
• Sander PM. 1992. The Norian Plateosaurus bonebeds of central Europe and their taphonomy. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 93:255–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar S. 1988. Petrology of caliche-derived peloidal cacirudite/calcarenite in the Late Triassic Maleri Formation of the Pranhita–Godavari valley, south India. Sediment Geol. 55:263–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch RR, Seegis D. 2016. A Middle Triassic palaeontological gold mine: the vertebrate deposits of Vellberg (Germany). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 459:249–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengupta DP. 2002. Indian metoposaurid amphibians revised. Paleontol Res. 6:41–65.
   Google Scholar
• Serrano-Brañas CI, Espinosa-Chávez B. 2017. Taphonomic history of a ‘duck-bill’ dinosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Cerro del Pueblo Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian) Coahuila, Mexico: preservational and paleoecological implications. Cret Res. 74:165–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma BK, Sharma S. 2014. Floodplains of the Brahmaputra River Basin – globally Interesting Eco-tones with Rich Rotifer (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) biodiversity. In: Ahmed B, Sinha RK, editors. Rivers for life—proceedings of the international symposium on river biodiversity: Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna River System, ecosystems for life, a Bangladesh–India initiative. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature. London: Island Press; p. 258–270.
   Google Scholar
• Shipman P, Walker A, Couvering VJA, Hooker PJ, Miller JA. 1981. The Fort Ternan hominoid site, Kenya: geology, age, taphonomy and paleoecology. J Hum Evol. 10:1–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GR, Stearley RF, Badgley CE. 1988. Taphonomic bias in fish diversity from Cenozoic floodplain environments. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimato Palaeoecol. 63:263–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith RM. 1993. Vertebrate taphonomy of Late Permian floodplain deposits in the southwestern Karoo Basin of South Africa. Palaios. 8:45–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suarez CA, Macpherson GL, González LA, Grandstaff DE. 2010. Heterogeneous rare earth element (REE) patterns and concentrations in a fossil bone: implications for the use of REE in vertebrate taphonomy and fossilization history. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 74:2970–2988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner LH 2003. Pedogenic features of the Chinle group, four corners region: evidence of Late Triassic aridification. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 54th Field Conference, Geology of the Zuni Plateau, New Mexico; 269 ̶ 280.
   Google Scholar
• The Rock Colour Chart Committee. 1980. Rock Colour Chart. Boulder (USA):Geological Society of America.
   Google Scholar
• Therrien F, Fastovsky DE. 2000. Paleoenvironments of early theropods, Chinle Formation (Late Triassic), Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Palaios. 15:194–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timberlake J. 2000. Biodiversity of the Zambezi basin. Bulawayo: Biodiversity Foundation for Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Trueman CN. 1999. Rare earth element geochemistry and taphonomy of terrestrial vertebrate assemblages. Palaios. 14:555–568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueman CN. 2007. Trace element geochemistry of bonebeds. In: Rogers RR, Eberth DA, Fiorillo AR, editors. Bonebeds: genesis, analysis, and paleobiological significance. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; p. 397–435.
   Google Scholar
• Trueman CN. 2013. Chemical taphonomy of biomineralized tissues. Palaeontology. 56:475–486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueman CN, Behrensmeyer AK, Potts R, Tuross N. 2006. High-resolution records of location and stratigraphic provenance from the rare earth element composition of fossil bones. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 70:4343–4355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueman CN, Benton MJ. 1997. A geochemical method to trace the taphonomic history of reworked bones in sedimentary settings. Geology. 25:263–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueman CN, Benton MJ, Palmer MR. 2003. Geochemical taphonomy of shallow marine vertebrate assemblages. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 197:151–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueman CN, Privat K, Field J. 2008. Why do crystallinity values fail to predict the extent of diagenetic alteration of bone mineral? Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 266:160–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueman CN, Tuross N. 2002. Trace elements in recent and fossil bone apatite. Rev Mineral Geochem. 48:489–521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker ME. 1988. Techniques in Sedimentology. Oxford (UK): Blackwell Science Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Tütken T, Vennemann TW, Pfretzschner HU. 2008. Early diagenesis of bone and tooth apatite in fluvial and marine settings: constraints from combined oxygen isotope, nitrogen and REE analysis. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 266:254–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voorhies M. 1969. Taphonomy and population dynamics of an early pliocene vertebrate fauna, Knox County, Nebraska. University of Wyoming Contribu Geol Spec Pap. 1:1–69.
   Google Scholar
• Voorhies M. 1992. Ashfall: life and death at a Nebraska waterhole ten million years ago. Univ Nebraska State Mus Notes. 81:1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Wilde P, Quinby-Hunt MS. 2010. Paradoxes and perceptions in colour identification of paleo-redox conditions in peletic rocks from diagenic to metamorphic grade. Intl J Geol. 2:29–35.
   Google Scholar
• Wright VP, Taylor KG, Beck VH. 2000. The paleohydrology of lower cretaceous seasonal wetlands, Isle of Wight, southern England. J Sediment Res. 70:619–632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeigler KE, Lucas SG, Heckert AB. 2003. Variation in the Late Triassic Canjilon quarry (Upper Chinle Group, New Mexico) phytosaur skulls: a case for sexual dimorphism. Palaontol Z. 77:341–351.
   Google Scholar