Publication Cover
Historical Biology
An International Journal of Paleobiology
Volume 33, 2021 - Issue 10
192
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Dragon bones from the heavens: European explorations and early palaeontology in Zanda Basin of Tibet, retracing type locality of Qurliqnoria hundesiensis and Hipparion (Plesiohipparion) zandaense

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 2216-2227 | Received 30 Apr 2020, Accepted 31 May 2020, Published online: 12 Jun 2020

References

  • Andrade AD. 2017. Sweet MJ, translator. Zwilling L, editor. “More than the promised land”: letters and relations from Tibet by the Jesuit Missionary António De Andrade (1580–1634). Boston: Institute of Jesuit Sources.
  • Anonymous. 1852. The Himalaya in Kumaon and Gurhwal. Calcutta Rev. 18(III.–10):72–115.
  • Batten JH. 1838. Note of a visit to the Nítí pass of the grand Himálayan chain. J Asiatic Soc Bengal. 7(1):310–316.
  • Bohlin B. 1937. Eine Tertiäre säugetier-fauna aus Tsaidam. Sino-Swedish Exped Publ. 1:3–111.
  • Bray J. 2014. Christian missionary enterprise and Tibetan trade. Tibet J. 39(1):11–37.
  • Buckland W. 1823. Reliquiae Diluvianae; or, observations on the organic remains contained in caves, fissures, and diluvial gravel, and on other geological phenomena, attesting the action of an Universal Deluge. London: John Murray.
  • Deng T, Li Q, Tseng ZJ, Takeuchi GT, Wang Y, Xie G, Wang S, Hou S, Wang X. 2012. Locomotive implication of a Pliocene three-toed horse skeleton from Tibet and its paleo-altimetry significance. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 109(19):7374–7378. doi:10.1073/pnas.1201052109.
  • Deng T, Wang X, Fortelius M, Li Q, Wang Y, Tseng ZJ, Takeuchi GT, Saylor JE, Säilä LK, Xie G. 2011. Out of Tibet: pliocene woolly rhino suggests high-plateau origin of Ice age megaherbivores. Science. 333:1285–1288. doi:10.1126/science.1206594.
  • Desideri I. 1937. Historical sketch of Thibet and an account of the mission and travels in that country by Father Ippolito Desideri of the Society of Jesus, Written by Himself, 1712–1733. In: Filippi FD, editor. An account of Tibet: the Travels of Ippolito Desideri of Pistoia, SJ, 1712–1727. Revised ed. London: George Routledge & Sons ltd; p. 49–347.
  • Desideri I. 2010. Sweet MJ, translator. Zwilling L, editor. Mission to Tibet: the extraordinary eighteenth-century account of Father Ippolito Desideri, S. J. Boston: Wisdom.
  • Falconer H. 1867. Descriptions of the plates of the Fauna antiqua sivalensis. London: Robert Hardwickf.
  • Falconer H. 1868. VII. On the fossil rhinoceros of central Tibet and its relation to recent upheaval of the Himalayahs. Palaeontological memoirs and notes of the Late Hugh Falconer, Volume 1. Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis. 1(7):173–185.
  • Gaborieau M. 2011. The discovery of the muslims of Tibet by the first Portuguese missionaries. In: Akasoy A, Burnett C, Yoeli-Tlalim R, editors. Islam and Tibet – interactions along the Musk Routes. London: Routledge; p. 253–260.
  • Gentry AW. 1968. The extinct bovid genus Qurliqnoria Bohlin. J Mammal. 49(4):769. doi:10.2307/1378744.
  • Griesbach CL. 1880. Geological notes. Rec Geol Surv India. 13(2):83–93.
  • Herbert JD. 1831. On the organic remains found in the Himmalayas. Gleanings Sci. 3(33):265–272.
  • Huang W-B, Ji H-X, Chen W-Y, Hsu C-Q, Zheng S-H. 1980. Pliocene stratum of Guizhong and Bulong Basin, Xizang. In: Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Team of Chinese Academy of Sciences, editor. Paleontology of Tibet, part 1. Beijing: Science Press; p. 4–17.
  • Huntington KW, Saylor J, Quade J, Hudson AM. 2015. High late miocene–pliocene elevation of the Zhada Basin, southwestern Tibetan Plateau, from carbonate clumped isotope thermometry. Geol Soc Am Bull. 127(1–2):181–199. doi:10.1130/B31000.1.
  • Ji H-X, Hsu C-Q, Huang W-B. 1980. The Hipparion fauna from Guizhong Basin, Xizang. In: Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Team of Chinese Academy of Sciences, editor. Paleontology of Tibet, part 1. Beijing: Science Press; p. 18–32.
  • Jina PS. 1995. Famous Western explorers to Ladakh. New Delhi: Indus Publishing Company.
  • Koken E. 1885. Ueber fossile Säugethiere aus China nach den Sammlungen des herrn Ferdinand Freiherrn von Richthofen. Palaeontol Abh. 3(2):31–114.
  • Landor AHS. 1898. In the forbidden land, an account of a journey in Tibet, capture by the Tibetan authorities, imprisonment, torture, and ultimate release. London: William Heinemann.
  • Li F-L, Li D-L. 1990. Latest miocene Hipparion (Plesiohipparion) of Zanda Basin. In: Yang Z, Nie Z, editors. Paleontology of the Ngari Area, Tibet (Xi Zang). Wuhan: China University of Geological Science Press; p. 186–193.
  • Li Q, Stidham TA, Ni X, Li L. 2018. Two new pliocene hamsters (Cricetidae, Rodentia) from southwestern Tibet (China), and their implications for rodent dispersal ‘into Tibet’. J Vert Paleontol. 37:e1403443.
  • Li Q, Wang X. 2015. Into Tibet: an early pliocene dispersal of fossil zokor (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Mongolian Plateau to the hinterland of Tibetan Plateau. PLoS One. 10(12):e0144993. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144993.
  • Li Q, Xie G-P, Takeuchi GT, Deng T, Tseng ZJ, Grohé C, Wang X. 2014. Vertebrate fossils on the Roof of the World: biostratigraphy and geochronology of high-elevation Kunlun Pass Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, and basin history as related to the Kunlun strike-slip fault. Palaeogeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol. 411:46–55. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.029.
  • Lydekker R. 1881. Observations on the ossiferous beds of Húndes in Tibet. Rec Geol Surv India. 14(2):178–184.
  • Lydekker R. 1886a. Catalogue of the fossil mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History), part III. Containing the order Ungulata, suborders Perissodactyla, Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Amblypoda. London: Taylor and Francis.
  • Lydekker R. 1886b. On the fossil mammalia of Maragha, in north-western Persia. Q J Geol Soc. 42(1–4):173–176. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1886.042.01-04.19.
  • Lydekker R. 1901. On the skull of a chiru-like antelope from the ossiferous deposits of Hundes (Tibet). Q J Geol Soc. 57(1–4):289–292. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1901.057.01-04.22.
  • McCormick JP, Parascandola J. 1981. Dragon bones and drugstores: the interaction of pharmacy and paleontology in the search for early man in China. Pharm Hist. 23(2):55–70.
  • Montgomerie TG. 1868. Report of the Trans-Himalayan explorations during 1867. Proc Roy Geog Soc London. 13(3):183–198.
  • Moorcroft W. 1816. A journey to Lake Mánasaróvara in Ún-dés, a province of little Tibet. Asiatic Res. 12(10):375–534.
  • Owen R. 1870. On fossil remains of mammals found in China. Q J Geol Soc London. 26:417–434. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1870.026.01-02.40.
  • Qiu Z-X, Tedford RH. 2013. Chapter 2. History of scientific exploration of Yushe Basin. In: Tedford RH, Qiu Z-X, Flynn LJ, editors. Late Cenozoic Yushe Basin, Shanxi Province, China: geology and fossil mammals volume I: history, geology, and magnetostratigraphy. New York: Springer; p. 7–34.
  • Rawling CG. 1905. The Great Plateau. Being an account of exploration in Central Tibet, 1903, and of the Gartok Expedition, 1904–1905. London: Edward Arnold.
  • Royle JF. 1839. Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan Mountains, and of the Flora of Cashmere, volume I. London: Wm. H. Allen and Co.
  • Salter JW, Blanford HF. 1865. Palaeontology of Niti in the northern Himalaya; being descriptions and figures of the palaeozoic and secondary fossils collected by Colonel Richard Strachey. Calcutta: O. T. Cutter, Military Orphan Press.
  • Saylor J, DeCelles P, Gehrels GE, Murphy MA, Zhang R, Kapp PA. 2010. Basin formation in the high Himalaya by arc-parallel extension and tectonic damming: Zhada Basin, southwestern Tibet. Tectonics. 29:TC1004. doi:10.1029/2008TC002390.
  • Schlosser M. 1903. Die fossilen Säugethiere Chinas nebst einer Odontographie der recenten Antilopen. Abh Bayerischen Akad Wis Munchen. 22:1–221.
  • Strachey R. 1851a. On the geology of part of the Himalaya mountains and Tibet. Proc Geol Soc. 7(1–2):292–310.
  • Strachey R. 1851b. On the physical geography of the provinces of Kumáon and Garhwál in the Himálaya mountains, and of the adjoining parts of Tibet. J Roy Geog Soc London. 21:57–85.
  • Sweet MJ. 2006. Desperately seeking capuchins: Manoel Freyre’s report on the Tibets and their routes (Tibetorum ac eorum Relatio Viarum) and the Desideri mission to Tibet. J Int Asso Tibetan Stu. 2:1–33.
  • Tedford RH, Qiu Z-X, Ye J. 2013. Chapter 3. Cenozoic geology of the Yushe Basin. In: Tedford RH, Qiu Z-X, Flynn LJ, editors. Late Cenozoic Yushe Basin, Shanxi Province, China: geology and fossil mammals volume I: history, geology, and magnetostratigraphy. New York: Springer; p. 35–67.
  • Traill GW. 1832. Statistical report on the Bhotia Mehals of Kumaon. Asiatic Res. 17:1–50.
  • Tseng ZJ, Li Q, Wang X. 2013a. A new cursorial hyena from Tibet, and analysis of biostratigraphy, paleozoogeography, and dental morphology of Chasmaporthetes (Mammalia, Carnivora). J Vert Paleontol. 33(6):1457–1471. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.775142.
  • Tseng ZJ, Wang X, Li Q, Xie G. 2016. Pliocene bone-cracking Hyaeninae (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Zanda Basin, Tibet autonomous region, China. Hist Biol. 28(1–2):69–77. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1004330.
  • Tseng ZJ, Wang X, Slater GJ, Takeuchi GT, Li Q, Liu J, Xie G. 2013b. Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats. Proc Royal Soc B. 281:20132686. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2686.
  • Walker D. 1990. The Pundits: British exploration of Tibet and Central Asia. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky.
  • Wang X, Li Q, Takeuchi GT. 2016. Out of Tibet: an early sheep from the Pliocene of Tibet, Protovis himalayensis, genus and species nov. (Bovidae, Caprini), and origin of Ice Age mountain sheep. J Vert Paleontol. 36(5):e1169190. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1169190.
  • Wang X, Li Q, Xie G. 2014a. Earliest record of Sinicuon in Zanda Basin, southern Tibet and implications for hypercarnivores in cold environments. Quat Int. 355:3–10. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.03.028.
  • Wang X, Li Q, Xie G-P, Saylor JE, Tseng ZJ, Takeuchi GT, Deng T, Wang Y, Hou S-K, Liu J, et al. 2013a. Mio-pleistocene Zanda Basin biostratigraphy and geochronology, pre-Ice Age fauna, and mammalian evolution in western Himalaya. Palaeogeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol. 374:81–95. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.01.007.
  • Wang X, Qiu Z-D, Li Q, Wang B-Y, Qiu Z-X, Downs WR, Xie G-P, Xie J-Y, Deng T, Takeuchi GT, et al. 2007. Vertebrate paleontology, biostratigraphy, geochronology, and paleoenvironment of Qaidam Basin in northern Tibetan Plateau. Palaeogeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol. 254:363–385. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.06.007.
  • Wang X, Tseng ZJ, Li Q, Takeuchi GT, Xie G. 2014b. From ‘third pole’ to north pole: a Himalayan origin for the arctic fox. Proc Royal Soc B. 281(1787):20140893. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0893.
  • Wang X, Wang Y, Li Q, Tseng ZJ, Takeuchi GT, Deng T, Xie G, Chang -M-M, Wang N. 2014c. Cenozoic vertebrate evolution and paleoenvironment in Tibetan Plateau: progress and prospects. Gondwana Res. 27:1335–1354. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.10.014.
  • Wang Y, Xu Y, Khawaja S, Passey BH, Zhang C, Wang X, Li Q, Tseng ZJ, Takeuchi GT, Deng T, et al. 2013b. Diet and environment of a mid-Pliocene fauna from southwestern Himalaya: paleo-elevation implications. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 376:43–53. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.014.
  • Webber TW. 1902. The forests of upper India and their inhabitants. London: Edward Arnold.
  • Wessels C. 1924. Early Jesuit travellers in Central Asia: 1603–1721. Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Wessels C. 1937. Introduction. The Jesuit Mission in Tibet, 1625–1721. In: Filippi F, editor. An account of Tibet: the travels of Ippolito Desideri of Pistoia, SJ, 1712–1727. Revised ed. London: George Routledge & Sons ltd; p. 1–32.
  • Zhang Q-S, Wang F-B, Ji H-X, Huang W-B. 1981. Pliocene stratigraphy of Zhada Basin, Tibet. J Stratigr. 5(3):216–220.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.