Publication Cover
Historical Biology
An International Journal of Paleobiology
Volume 35, 2023 - Issue 5
218
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

New species of Percrocuta (Carnivora, Hyaenidae) from the early middle Miocene of Tongxin, China

Pages 799-820 | Received 27 Feb 2022, Accepted 14 Apr 2022, Published online: 01 May 2022

References

  • Arambourg C. 1959. Vertébrés continentaux du Miocène supérieur de l’Afrique du Nord. Publications du Service de la Carte Geologique de l’Algerie (Paleontologie Memoire). 4:1–161.
  • Bastl K, Nagel D, Morlo M, Göhlich UB. 2020. The Carnivora (Mammalia) from the middle miocene locality of Gračanica (Bugojno Basin, Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia And Herzegovina). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 100(2):307–319. doi:10.1007/s12549-018-0353-0.
  • Bowdich TE. 1821. An analysis of the natural classifications of mammalia: for the use of students and travellers. Paris: J. Smith.
  • Butler PM. 1946. The evolution of carnassial dentitions in the mammalia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 116(2):198–220. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1946.tb00117.x.
  • Chen GF, Schmidt-Kittler N. 1983. The deciduous dentition of Percrocuta kretzoi and the diphyletic origin of the hyaenas (Carnivora, Mammalia). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 57(1–2):159–169. doi:10.1007/BF03031758.
  • Chen GF, Wu WY. 1976. [Miocene mammalian Fauna of Jiulongkou, Cixian County, Hebei]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 14(1):6–15. Chinese.
  • Colbert EH. 1935. Siwalik mammals in the American Museum of Natural History. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, New Series. 26:1–401 doi:10.2307/1005467.
  • Colbert EH. 1939. Carnivora of the Tung Gur formation of Mongolia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 76:47–81.
  • Crusafont-Pairó M, Aguirre E. 1971. A new species of Percrocuta from the middle Miocene of Kenya. Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung. 60:51–58.
  • de Beaumont G. 1967. Observations sur les Herpestinae (Viverridae, Carnivora) de l’Oligocène supérieur, avec quelques remarques sur des Hyaenidae du Néogène. Archives des Sciences, Genève. 20:79–108.
  • de Bonis L, Koufos G. 1994. Some Hyaenidae from the late Miocene of Macedonia (Greece) and a contribution to the phylogeny of hunting hyaenas. Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen Reihe A. 26:81–96.
  • Deng T. 2006. Chinese neogene mammal biochronology. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 44(2):143–163.
  • El-Shawaihdi M, Mozley P, Boaz N, Salloum F, Pavlakis P, Muftah A, Triantaphyllou M. 2016. Stratigraphy of the Neogene Sahabi units in the Sirt Basin, northeast Libya. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 118:87–106. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.02.015.
  • Ficcarelli G, Torre D. 1970. Remarks on the taxonomy of hyaenids. Palaeontographia Italica. 36:13–33.
  • Fraile SG. 2016. Estudio de Protictitherium crassum del Cerro de los Batallones (Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid): aportación a la filogenia y evolución de la familia Hyaenidae. Madrid: Universidad Complutense Madrid.
  • Gabunia LK. 1958. Ob iskopayemykh ostatkakh khishchnikov iz Chokraka Belomechetskoy. (severnyy Kavkaz). [On the fossil remains of carnivores from the Chokrakian of Belomechetskaya. (North Caucasus)]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2(4):249–252. Russian.
  • Gabunia LK. 1973. Belomechetskaya fauna iskopayemykh pozvonochnyk. [Fossil Vertebrates of the Belomechetskaya Fauna]. Tbilisi: Akademii Nauk, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. Russian.
  • Ghaffar A, Akhtar M, Butt MJ, Khan MA, Ikram T. 2011. Late Miocene hyaenids from the Middle Siwaliks of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 43:5.
  • Ghaffar A, Akhtar M, Khan M, Babar M. 2019. Comments on Percrocuta carnifex (Carnivora, Percrocutidae) based on new fossil material from the Nagri Formation (Middle Siwaliks) of Hasnot, Pakistan. Geologica Acta. 17(2):1–9.
  • Göhlich UB, Mandic O. 2020. Introduction to the special issue “The drowning swamp of Gračanica (Bosnia-Herzegovina)—a diversity hotspot from the middle Miocene in the Bugojno Basin”. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 100(2):281–293. doi:10.1007/s12549-020-00437-0.
  • Gray JE. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository. 15(1):296–310.
  • Guan J, van der Made J. 1993. Fossil Suidae from Dingjiaergou near Tongxin, China. Memoirs of the Beijing Natural History Museum. 53:151–199.
  • Hammer Ø, Harper DA, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica. 4(1):9.
  • Howell FC. 1987. Preliminary observations on Carnivora from the Sahabi Formation (Libya). In: Boaz NT, editor. Neogene paleontology and geology of Sahabi. New York: A.R. Liss; p. 153–181.
  • Howell FC, Petter G. 1985. Comparative observations on some middle and upper Miocene hyaenids, genera: Percrocuta kretzoi, Allohyaena kretzoi, Adcrocuta kretzoi (Mammalia, Carnivora, Hyaenidae). Geobios. 18(4):419–491. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(85)80001-2.
  • Hunt RM Jr. 1974. The auditory bulla in Carnivora: An anatomical basis for reappraisal of carnivore evolution. Journal of Morphology. 143(1):21–75. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051430103.
  • Hunt RM Jr. 1998. Evolution of the aeluroid Carnivora. diversity of the earliest aeluroids from Eurasia (Quercy, Hsanda-gol) and the origin of felids. American Museum Novitates. 3252:1–65.
  • Hunt RMJ, Solounias N. 1991. Evolution of the aeluroid Carnivora: Hyaenid affinities of the Miocene carnivoran Tungurictis spocki from Inner Mongolia. American Museum Novitates. 3030:1–25.
  • Hunt RMJ, Tedford RH. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships within the aeluroid Carnivora and implications of their temporal and geographic distribution. In: Szalay FS, Novacek MJ, McKenna MC, editors. Mammal phylogeny: Placentals. New York: Springer Verlag; p. 53–73.
  • Joeckel RM. 1998. Unique frontal sinuses in fossil and living Hyaenidae (Mammalia, Carnivora): Description and interpretation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 18(3):627–639. doi:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011089.
  • Kaya T, Geraads D, Tuna V. 2003. A new middle Miocene mammalian fauna from Mordoğan (Western Turkey). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 77(2):293–302. doi:10.1007/BF03006943.
  • Koufos GD. 2008. Carnivores from the early/middle Miocene locality of Antonios (Chalkidiki, Macedonia, Greece). Geobios. 41(3):365–380. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2007.05.003.
  • Koufos GD. 2013. Neogene mammal biostratigraphy and chronology of Greece. In: Wang XM, Flynn LJ, Fortelius M, editors. Fossil mammals of Asia: Neogene biostratigraphy and chronology. New York: Columbia University Press; p. 595–626.
  • Kretzoi M. 1938. Die Raubtiere von Gombaszög nebst einer Übersicht der Gesamtfauna (Ein Beitrag zur Stratigraphie des Altquartaers). Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. 31:89–157.
  • Kurtén B. 1956. The status and affinities of Hyaena sinensis Owen and Hyaena ultima Matsumoto. American Museum Novitates. 1764:1–48.
  • Kurtén B. 1957. Percrocuta Kretzoi (Mammalia, Carnivora), a group of Neogene hyenas. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. 2(16):375–404.
  • Kurtén B. 1976. Fossil Carnivora from the late Tertiary of Bled Douarah and Cherichira, Tunisia. Notes du Service Géologique de Tunisie. 42:177–214.
  • Kurtén B. 1982. Status of the fossil hyaenids Ictitherium viverrinum and Thalassictis robusta (Mammalia). Zeitschrift für Geologische Wissenschaften. 10(7):1009–1018.
  • Mayda S, Koufos GD, Kaya T, Gul A. 2015. New carnivore material from the middle Miocene of Turkey. implications on biochronology and palaeoecology. Geobios. 48(1):9–23. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2014.11.001.
  • Morales J, Mayda S, Valenciano A, DeMiguel D, Kaya T. 2019. A new lophocyonid, Izmirictis cani gen. et sp. nov. (Carnivora: Mammalia), from the lower Miocene of Turkey. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17(16):1347–1358. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1529000.
  • Morales J, Pickford M. 2005. Carnivores from the middle Miocene Ngorora Formation (13-12 ma), Kenya. Estudios Geológicos. 61(3–6):271–284.
  • Morales J, Pickford M. 2006. A large percrocutid carnivore from the late Miocene (ca. 10–9 ma) of Nakali, Kenya. Annales de Paléontologie. 92(4):359–366. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2006.07.004.
  • Morales J, Pickford M, Fraile S, Salesa MJ, Soria D. 2003. Creodonta and Carnivora from Arrisdrift, early middle Miocene of southern Namibia. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia. 19:177–194.
  • Morales J, Pickford M, Soria D, Fraile S. 1998. New carnivores from the basal middle Miocene of arrisdrift, Namibia. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. 91:27–40.
  • Nagel D. 2003. Carnivora from the middle Miocene hominoid locality of Çandir (Turkey). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 240:113–132.
  • Ozansoy F. 1965. Étude des gisements continentaux et des mammifères du cénozoïque de Turquie. Mémoires de la Société géologique de France Nouvelle série. 44(102):1–92.
  • Pavlović M. 1969. Miozän-Säugetiere des Toplica-Beckens, paläontologisch-stratigraphische Studie. Annales géologiques de la péninsule Balkanique . 34:269–394 Serbian with German summary .
  • Pavlović M, Thenius E. 1965. Eine neue Hyäne (Carnivora, Mammalia) aus dem Miozän Jugoslawiens und ihre phylogenetische Stellung. Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. 102:1–14.
  • Peigné S, de Bonis L. 1999. The genus Stenoplesictis Filhol (mammalia, carnivora) from the Oligocene deposits of the phosphorites of Quercy, France. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19(3):566–575. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011165.
  • Pilgrim GE. 1913. Correlation of the siwalik with mammal horizon of Europe. Records of the Geological Survey of India. 43(4):264–326.
  • Pilgrim GE. 1932. The fossil carnivora of India. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India Palaeontologia Indica New Series. 18:1–232.
  • Qiu ZX, Qiu ZD, Deng T, Li CK, Zhang ZQ, Wang BY, Wang XM. 2013. Neogene land mammal stages/ages of China. In: Wang XM, Flynn LJ, Fortelius M, editors. Fossil mammals of Asia: Neogene biostratigraphy and chronology. New York: Columbia University Press; p. 29–90.
  • Qiu ZX, Xie JY, Yan DF. 1988a. Discovery of the skull of Dinocrocuta gigantea. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 26(2):128–138.
  • Qiu ZX, Ye J, Cao JX. 1988b. A new species of Percrocuta from Tongxin, Ningxia. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 26(2):116–127.
  • Radović P, Mayda S, Alaburić S, Marković Z. 2021. Percrocuta miocenica (Percrocutidae, Carnivora) from the middle Miocene of Brajkovac (Central Serbia). Geobios. 65:41–49. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.001.
  • Schmidt-Kittler N. 1976. Raubtiere aus dem Jungtertiär Kleinasiens. Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 155(1–4):1–131.
  • Semenov YA. 1994. Allohyaena sarmatica (carnivora, mammalia) - a new hyaenid species from the late Miocene of the Ukraine. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. 37:1.
  • Semenov YA. 2008. Taxonomical reappraisal of “ictitheres”(mammalia, carnivora) from the late Miocene of Kenya. Comptes Rendus Palevol. 7(8):529–539. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2008.09.012.
  • Solounias N. 1981. The Turolian fauna from the Island of Samos, Greece with special emphasis on the hyaenids and the bovids. New York: S. Karger. (Contributions to Vertebrate Evolution).
  • Tanner JB, Dumont ER, Sakai ST, Lundrigan BL, Holekamp KE. 2008. Of arcs and vaults: the biomechanics of bone-cracking in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 95(2):246–255. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01052.x.
  • Teilhard de Chardin P. 1915. Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paléontologie. 9:101–192.
  • Thenius E. 1966. Zur Stammesgeschichte der Hyänen (Carnivora, Mammalia). Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 31(4):292–300.
  • Tseng ZJ. 2009. Cranial function in a late Miocene Dinocrocuta gigantea (Mammalia: Carnivora) revealed by comparative finite element analysis. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 96(1):51–67. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01095.x.
  • von den Driesch A. 1976. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites. Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum Press.
  • Wang XM. 2004. New materials of Tungurictis (Hyaenidae, Carnivora) fromTunggur Formation, Nei Mongol. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 43(2):144–153.
  • Wang XM, Tseng ZJ, Wu WY, Ye J, Meng J, Bi SD. 2020. A new species of Tungurictis Colbert, 1939 (Carnivora, Hyaenidae) from the middle Miocene of Junggar Basin, northwestern China and the early divergence of basal hyaenids in East Asia. Geodiversitas. 42(3):29–45. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a3.
  • Wang SQ, Zong LY, Yang Q, Sun BY, Li Y, Shi QQ, Yang XW, Ye J, Wu WY. 2016. Biostratigraphic subdividing of the Neogene Dingjia’ergou mammalian fauna, Tongxin County, Ningxia Province, and its background for the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Quaternary Sciences. 36(4):789–809.
  • Werdelin L. 1988. Studies of fossil hyaenas: the genera Thalassictis Gervais ex Nordmann, Palhyaena Gervais, Hyaenictitherium Kretzoi, Lycyaena Hensel and Palinhyaena Qiu, Huang & Guo. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 92(3):211–265. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01512.x.
  • Werdelin L. 1996. Carnivores, exclusive of Hyaenidae, from the later Miocene of Europe and Western Asia. In: Bernor RL, Fahlbusch V, Mittmann H-W, editors. The evolution of western Eurasian Neogene mammal faunas. New York: Columbia University Press; p. 271–289.
  • Werdelin L. 2019. Middle Miocene Carnivora and Hyaenodonta from Fort Ternan, western Kenya. Geodiversitas. 41(sp1):267–283. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a6.
  • Werdelin L, Kurtén B. 1999. Allohyaena (Mammalia: Carnivora): giant hyaenid from the late Miocene of Hungary. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 126(3):319–334 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1999.tb01374.x.
  • Werdelin L, Solounias N. 1991. The Hyaenidae: taxonomy, systematics and evolution. Fossils and Strata. 30:1–104.
  • Wible JR, Spaulding M. 2013. On the cranial osteology of the African palm civet, Nandinia binotata (Gray, 1830) (Mammalia, Carnivora, Feliformia). Annals of Carnegie Museum. 82(1):1–114. doi:10.2992/007.082.0101.
  • Wu WY, Ye J, Zhu BC. 1991. On Alloptox (Lagomorpha, Ochotonidae) from the middle Miocene of Tongxin, Ningxia Hui Auronomous Region, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 29(3):204.
  • Xiong WY. 2019. Basicranial morphology of late Miocene Dinocrocuta gigantea (Carnivora: Hyaenidae) from Fugu, Shaanxi. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 57(4):274–307.
  • Zhai RJ. 1964. Leptarctus and other Carnivora from the Tung Gur formation, Inner Mongolia. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 8(1):18–30.
  • Zhang YX, Xue XX. 1996. New materials of Dinocrocuta gigantea found in Fugu County, Shaanxi Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 34(1):18–26.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.