Advanced search
Publication Cover
Autoimmunity Volume 35, 2002 - Issue 5
Submit an article Journal homepage
52
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Isolation and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Autoantibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase

N. Hayakawa FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU, UK
,
L.D.K.E. Premawardhana Department of Adult Medicine, Caerphilly District Miners' Hospital, St Martin's Road, Caerphilly, CF83 2WW, UK
,
M. Powell FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU, UK
,
M. Masuda FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
,
C. Arnold FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU, UK
,
J. Sanders FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU, UK
,
M. Evans FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU, UK
,
S. Chen FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU, UK
,
J.C. Jaume Hormone Research Institute, 513 Parnassus, Box 0534, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0534, USA
,
S. Baekkeskov Hormone Research Institute, 513 Parnassus, Box 0534, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0534, USA
,
B. Rees Smith FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU, UK
&
J. Furmaniak FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, CF14 5DU, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
 show all
Pages 343-355 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

  • Baekkeskov, S., Aanstoot, H-J., Christgau, S., Reetz, A., Solimena, M., Cascalho, M., et al. (1990) "Identification of the 64 K autoantigen in insulin-depent diabetes as the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase", Nature 347, 151 - 156
  • Rabin, D.U., Pleasic, S.M., Palmer-Crocker, R. and Shapiro, J.A. (1992) "Cloning and expression of IDDM-specific human autoantigens", Diabetes 41, 183 - 1z86
  • Christie, M.R., Hollands, J.A., Brown, T.J., Birgitte, K.M. and Delovitch, T.L. (1993) "Detection of pancreatic islet 64,000 M r autoantigens in insulin-depent diabetes distinct from glutamate decarboxylase", J. Clin. Investig. 92, 240 - 248
  • Sepe, V., Lai, M., Shattock, M., Foxon, R., Collins, P. and Bottazzo, G.F. (1997) "Islet-related autoantigens and the pathogenesis of insulin-depent diabetes mellitus. A 1996 update", In: Leslie, R.D.G., ed, Molecular Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in Hormone Research (Karger, Basel) Vol. 22, pp 68 - 69
  • Furmaniak, J., Sanders, J. and Rees Smith, B. (1999) "Autoantigens in the autoimmune ocrinopathies", In: Volpe, R., ed, Contemporary Endocrinology: Autoimmune Endocrinopathies (Humana Press, Totowa, NJ), pp 183 - 216
  • Strebelow, M., Schlosser, M., Ziegler, B., Rjasanowski, I. and Ziegler, M. (1999) "Karlsburg type-I diabetes risk study of a general population: frequencies and interaction of the four major type-1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies studied in 9419 schoolchildren", Diabetologia 42, 661 - 670
  • Bingley, P.J., Williams, A.J.K. and Gale, E.A.M. (1999) "Optimized autoantibody-based risk assessment in family members", Diabetes Care 22, 1796 - 1801
  • Schwartz, H.L., Chandonia, J.-M., Kash, S.F., Kanaani, J., Tunnell, E., Domingo, A., et al. (1999) "High-resolution autoreactive epitope mapping and structural modeling of the 65 kDa form of human glutamic acid decarboxylase", J. Mol. Biol. 287, 989 - 999
  • Söhnlein, P., Müller, M., Syren, K., Hartmann, U., Böhm, B.O., Meinck, H.M., et al. (2000) "Epitope spreading and a varying but not disease-specific GAD65 antibody response in type-1 diabetes", Diabetologia 43, 210 - 217
  • Myers, M.A., Davies, J.M., Tong, J.C., Whisstock, J., Scealy, M., Mackay, I.R., et al. (2000) "Conformational epitopes on the diabetes autoantigen GAD65 identified by peptide phage display and molecular modeling", J. Immunol. 165, 3830 - 3838
  • Richter, W., Endl, J., Eiermann, T.H., Brandt, M., Kientsch-Engel, R., Thivolet, C., et al. (1992) "Human monoclonal islet cell antibodies from a patient with insulin-depent diabetes mellitus reveal glutamate decarboxylase as the target antigen", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 89, 8467 - 8471
  • Richter, W., Northemann, W., Müller, M. and Böhm, B. (1996) "Mapping of an autoreactive epitope within glutamate decarboxylase using a diabetes-associated human monoclonal autoantibody and an epitope cDNA library", Hybridoma 15, 103 - 108
  • Syren, K., Lindsay, L., Stoehrer, B., Jury, K., Lühder, F., Bækkeskov, S., et al. (1996) "Immune reactivity of diabetes-associated human monoclonal autoantibodies defines multiple epitopes and detects two domain boundaries in glutamate decarboxylase", J. Immunol. 157, 5208 - 5214
  • Madec, A-M., Rousset, F., Ho, S., François, R., Thivolet, C., Orgiazzi, J., et al. (1996) "Four IgG anti-islet human monoclonal antibodies isolated from a type-1 diabetes patient recognize distinct epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 are somatically mutated", J. Immunol. 156, 3541 - 3549
  • Tremble, J., Morgenthaler, N.G., Vlug, A., Powers, A.C., Christie, M.R., Scherbaum, W.A., et al. (1997) "Human B cells secreting immunoglobulin G to glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 from a nondiabetic patient with multiple autoantibodies and Graves' disease: a comparison with those present in type-1 diabetes", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82, 2664 - 2670
  • Tanaka, H., Perez, M., Powell, M., Sanders, J.F., Sawicka, J., Chen, S., et al. (1997) "Steroid 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies: measurements with a new immunoprecipitation assay", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82, 1440 - 1446
  • George, L.D., Selvaraju, R., Reddy, K., Stout, T.V. and Premawardhana, L.D.K.E. (2000) "Vomiting and hyponatraemia in pregnancy", Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 107, 808 - 809
  • Powell, M., Prentice, L., Asawa, T., Kato, R., Sawicka, J., Tanaka, H., et al. (1996) "Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody assay using 125 I-labelled recombinant GAD 65 produced in yeast", Clin. Chim. Acta 256, 175 - 188
  • Bolton, B.J. and Spurr, N.K. (1996) "B-lymphocytes", In: Freshney, R.I. and Freshney, M.G., eds, Culture of Immortalized Cells (Wiley-Liss, New York), pp 283 - 297
  • Carroll, W.L., Thielemans, K., Dilley, J. and Levy, R. (1986) "Mouse × human heterohybridomas as fusion partners with human B cell tumors", J. Immunol. Methods 89, 61 - 72
  • Masuda, M., Powell, M., Chen, S., Beer, C., Fichna, P., Rees Smith, B., et al. (2000) "Autoantibodies to IA-2 in insulin-depent diabetes mellitus. Measurements with a new immunoprecipitation assay", Clin. Chim. Acta 291, 53 - 66
  • Chen, S., Sawicka, J., Betterle, C., Powell, M., Prentice, L., Volpato, M., et al. (1996) "Autoantibodies to steroidogenic enzymes in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, Addison's disease and premature ovarian failure", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81, 1871 - 1876
  • Beever, K., Bradbury, J., Phillips, D., McLachlan, S.M., Pegg, C., Goral, A., et al. (1989) "Highly sensitive assays of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and to thyroid peroxidase", Clin. Chem. 35, 1949 - 1954
  • Betterle, C., Scalici, C., Presotto, F., Pedini, B., Moro, L., Rigon, F., et al. (1988) "The natural history of adrenal function in autoimmune patients with adrenal autoantibodies", J. Endocrinol. 117, 467 - 475
  • Betterle, C., Rossi, A., Dalla Pria, S., Artifoni, A., Pedini, B., Gavasso, S., et al. (1993) "Premature ovarian failure: autoimmunity and natural history", Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 39, 35 - 43
  • De St Groth, S.F. and Scheidegger, D. (1980) "Production of monoclonal antibodies: strategy and tactics", J. Immunol. Methods 35, 1 - 21
  • Chang, Y.-C. and Gottlieb, D.I. (1988) "Characterization of the proteins purified with monoclonal antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase", J. Neurosci. 8, 2123 - 2130
  • Scatchard, G. (1949) "The attraction of proteins for small molecules and ions", Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 51, 660 - 672
  • Laemmli, U.K. (1970) "Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4", Nature 227, 680 - 684
  • Birk, H.-W. and Koepsell, H. (1987) "Reaction of monoclonal antibodies with plasma membrane proteins after binding on nitrocellulose: renaturation of antigenic sites and reduction of nonspecific antibody binding", Anal. Biochem. 164, 12 - 22
  • Horimoto, M., Petersen, V.S., Pegg, C.A.S., Fukuma, N., Wakabayashi, N., Kiso, Y., et al. (1992) "Production and characterisation of a human monoclonal thyroid peroxidase autoantibody", Autoimmunity 14, 1 - 7
  • Prentice, L., Kiso, Y., Fukuma, N., Horimoto, M., Petersen, V., Grennan, F., et al. (1995) "Monoclonal thyroglobulin autoantibodies: variable region analysis and epitope recognition", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80, 977 - 986
  • Chen, S., Sawicka, J., Prentice, L., Sanders, J.F., Tanaka, H., Petersen, V., et al. (1998) "Analysis of autoantibody epitopes on steroid 21-hydroxylase using a panel of monoclonal antibodies", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 2977 - 2986
  • Chomczynski, P. and Sacchi, N. (1987) "Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction", Anal. Biochem. 162, 156 - 159
  • Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. and Coulson, A.R. (1977) "DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 74, 5463 - 5467
  • Richter, W., Shi, Y. and Bækkeskov, S. (1993) "Autoreactive epitopes defined by diabetes-associated human monoclonal antibodies are localized in the middle and C-terminal domains of the smaller form of glutamate decarboxylase", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 90, 2832 - 2836
  • Kabat, E.A., Perry, H., Gottesman, K.S. and Foeller, C. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. (DHHS, Washington, DC)
  • Betterle, C., Volpato, M., Greggio, A.N. and Presotto, F. (1996) "Type 2 polyglandular autoimmune disease (Schmidt's Syndrome)", J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 9, 113 - 123
  • Petersen, J.S., Hejnæs, K.R., Moody, A., Karlsen, A.E., Marshall, M.O., Høier-Madsen, M., et al. (1994) "Detection of GAD 65 antibodies in diabetes and other autoimmune diseases using a simple radioligand assay", Diabetes 43, 459 - 467
  • Seissler, J., Bieg, S., Yassin, N., Mauch, L., Northemann, W., Boehm, B.O., et al. (1994) "Association between antibodies to the M r 67,000 isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and type-1 (insulin-depent) diabetes mellitus with coexisting autoimmune polyocrine syndrome type-2", Autoimmunity 19, 231 - 238
  • Petersen, J.S., Kulmala, P., Clausen, J.T., Knip, M. and Dyrberg, T. (1999) "The Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. Progression to type-1 diabetes is associated with a change in the immunoglobulin isotype profile of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65)", Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 90, 276 - 281
  • Bonifacio, E., Scirpoli, M., Kredel, K., Füchtenbusch, M. and Ziegler, A.-G. (1999) "Early autoantibody responses in prediabetes are IgG1 dominated and suggest antigen-specific regulation", J. Immunol. 163, 525 - 532
  • Hawa, M.I., Fava, D., Medici, F., Deng, Y.G., Notkins, A.L., De Mattia, G., et al. (2000) "Antibodies to IA-2 and GAD65 in type-1 and type-2 diabetes", Diabetes Care 23, 228 - 233
  • Richter, W., Jury, K.M., Loeffler, D., Manfras, B.J., Eiermann, T.H. and Boehm, B.O. (1995) "Immunoglobulin variable gene analysis of human autoantibodies reveals antigen-driven immune response to glutamate decarboxylase in type-1 diabetes mellitus", Eur. J. Immunol. 25, 1703 - 1712
  • Beer, C.E., Rees Smith, B., Tanaka, H., Chen, S., Powell, M. and Furmaniak, W. (1997) "Analysis of the GAD-GAD autoantibody interaction", J. Endocrinol. 155 (S2), P24
  • Rarbaoui, F., Granier, C., Kellou, M., Mani, J-C., van Endert, P., Madec, A-M., et al. (1998) "Peptide specificity of high-titer anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 autoantibodies", Immunol. Lett. 62, 123 - 130
  • Jury, K., Söhnlein, P., Vogel, M. and Richter, W. (2001) "Isolation and functional characterization of recombinant GAD65 autoantibodies derived by IgG repertoire cloning from patients with type-1 diabetes", Diabetes 50, 1976 - 1982
  • Jules, T.H. and King, J.L. (1979) "Evolutionary nucleotide replacements in DNA", Nature 281, 605 - 606
  • Grennan Jones, F., Ziemnicka, K., Sanders, J., Wolstenholme, A., Fiera, R., Furmaniak, J., et al. (1999) "Analysis of autoantibody epitopes on human thyroid peroxidase", Autoimmunity 30, 157 - 169
  • Hampe, C.S., Örtqvist, E., Persson, B., Schranz, D.B. and Lernmark, Å. (1999) "Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibody epitope shift during the first year of type-1 diabetes", Horm. Metab. Res. 31, 553 - 557
  • Hampe, C.S., Hammerle, L.P., Bekris, L., Örtqvist, E., Kockum, I., Rolandsson, O., et al. (2000) "Recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by autoantibodies from different GAD antibody-positive phenotypes", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 4671 - 4679
  • Bonifacio, E., Lampasona, V., Bernasconi, L. and Ziegler, A-G. (2000) "Maturation of the humoral autoimmune response to epitopes of GAD in preclinical childhood type-1 diabetes", Diabetes 49, 202 - 208
  • Teoh, K.L., Fida, S., Rowley, M.J. and Mackay, I.R. (1998) "Autoantigenic reactivity of diabetes sera with a hybrid glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD67-65 molecule GAD67 (1-101)/GAD65 (96-585)", Autoimmunity 28, 259 - 266
  • Kim, J., Namchuk, M., Bugawan, T., Fu, Q., Jaffe, M., Shi, Y., et al. (1994) "Higher autoantibody levels and recognition of a linear NH 2 -terminal epitope in the autoantigen GAD 65, distinguish stiff-man syndrome from insulin-depent diabetes mellitus", J. Exp. Med. 180, 595 - 606
  • Björk, E., Velloso, L.A., Kämpe, O. and Karlsson, F.A. (1994) "GAD autoantibodies in IDDM, stiff-man syndrome, and autoimmune polyocrine syndrome type-I recognize different epitopes", Diabetes 43, 161 - 165
  • Daw, K., Ujihara, N., Atkinson, M. and Powers, A.C. (1996) "Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in stiff-man syndrome and insulin-depent diabetes mellitus exhibit similarities and differences in epitope recognition", J. Immunol. 156, 818 - 825
  • Falorni, A., Ackefors, M., Carlberg, C., Daniels, T., Persson, B., Robertson, J., et al. (1996) "Diagnostic sensitivity of immunodominant epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65) autoantibodies in childhood IDDM", Diabetologia 39, 1091 - 1098
  • Tuomi, T., Rowley, M.J., Knowles, W.J., Chen, Q-Y., McAnally, T., Zimmet, P.Z., et al. (1994) "Autoantigenic properties of native and denatured glutamic acid decarboxylase: evidence for a conformational epitope", Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 71, 53 - 59
  • Davenport, C., Radford, P.M., Al-Bukhari, T.A.M.A., Lai, M., Bottazzo, G.F. and Todd, I. (1998) "Heterogeneity in the occurrence of a subset of autoantibodies to glutamic decarboxylase in autoimmune polyocrine patients with islet cell antibodies", Clin. Exp. Immunol. 111, 497 - 505
  • Ziegler, B., Schlosser, M., Luhder, F., Strebelow, M., Augstein, P., Northemann, W., et al. (1996) "Murine monoclonal glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 antibodies recognize autoimmune-associated GAD epitope regions targeted in patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus and stiff-man syndrome", Acta Diabetol. 33, 225 - 231
  • Ziegler, B., Strebelow, M., Rjasanowski, I., Schlosser, M. and Ziegler, M. (1998) "A monoclonal antibody-based characterization of autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase in adults with latent autoimmune diabetes", Autoimmunity 28, 61 - 68
  • Hendry, E., Taylor, G., Grennan-Jones, F., Sullivan, A., Liddy, N., Godfrey, J., et al. (2001) "X-ray crystal structure of a monoclonal antibody that binds to a major autoantigenic epitope on thyroid peroxidase", Thyroid 11, 1091 - 1099
  • Winter, G. and Milstein, C. (1991) "Man-made antibodies", Nature 349, 293 - 299
  • Bach, J.F., Koutouzov, S. and van Endert, P.M. (1998) "Are there unique autoantigens triggering autoimmune diseases?", Immunol. Rev. 164, 139 - 155
  • Powers, A.C., Bavik, K., Tremble, J., Daw, K., Scherbaum, W.A. and Banga, J.P. (1999) "Comparative analysis of epitope recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by autoantibodies from different autoimmune disorders", Clin. Exp. Immunol. 118, 349 - 356
  • Falorni, A., Gambelunghe, G., Forini, F., Kassi, G., Cosentino, A., Candeloro, P., et al. (2000) "Autoantibody recognition of COOH-terminal epitopes of GAD65 marks the risk for insulin requirement in adult-onset diabetes mellitus", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 309 - 316

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.