Advanced search
Publication Cover
Autoimmunity Volume 35, 2002 - Issue 5
Submit an article Journal homepage
33
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Immune Reactivity to GAD25 in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Steven D. Chessler Robert H. Williams Laboratory, Department of Medicine, HSB K-161, Box 357710, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7710, USA
,
Christiane S. Hampe Robert H. Williams Laboratory, Department of Medicine, HSB K-161, Box 357710, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7710, USA
,
Eva Örtqvist Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
,
William T. Simonson Robert H. Williams Laboratory, Department of Medicine, HSB K-161, Box 357710, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7710, USA
&
Lynn Bekris Robert H. Williams Laboratory, Department of Medicine, HSB K-161, Box 357710, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7710, USA
Pages 335-341 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

  • Baekkeskov, S., Kanaani, J., Jaume, J.C. and Kash, S. (2000) "Does GAD have a unique role in triggering IDDM?", J. Autoimmun. 15, 279 - 286
  • Yoon, J.W., Yoon, C.S., Lim, H.W., Huang, Q.Q., Kang, Y., Pyun, K.H., Hirasawa, K., Sherwin, R.S. and Jun, H.S. (1999) "Control of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by GAD expression or suppression in beta cells", Science 284, 1183 - 1187
  • Lernmark, A. (1996) "Glutamic acid decarboxylase-gene to antigen to disease", J. Intern. Med. 240, 259 - 277
  • Tisch, R., Yang, X.D., Singer, S.M., Liblau, R.S., Fugger, L. and McDevitt, H.O. (1993) "Immune response to glutamic acid decarboxylase correlates with insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice", Nature 366, 72 - 75
  • Elliott, J.F., Qin, H.Y., Bhatti, S., Smith, D.K., Singh, R.K., Dillon, T., Lauzon, J. and Singh, B. (1994) "Immunization with the larger isoform of mouse glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice", Diabetes 43, 1494 - 1499
  • Ellis, T.M. and Atkinson, M.A. (1996) "The clinical significance of an autoimmune response against glutamic acid decarboxylase", Nat. Med. 2, 148 - 153
  • Seissler, J., Amann, J., Mauch, L., Haubruck, H., Wolfahrt, S., Bieg, S., Richter, W., Holl, R., Heinze, E., Northemann, W. and Scherbaum, W.A. (1993) "Prevalence of autoantibodies to the 65- and 67-kD isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus", J. Clin. Investig. 92, 1394 - 1399
  • Cram, D.S., Faulkner-Jones, B., Kun, J. and Harrison, L.C. (1995) "Glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD67): expression relative to GAD65 in human islets and mapping of autoantibody epitopes", Endocrinology 136, 1111 - 1119
  • Petersen, J.S., Russel, S., Marshall, M.O., Kofod, H., Buschard, K., Cambon, N., Karlsen, A.E., Boel, E., Hagopian, W.A., Hejnaes, K.R., Moody, A., Dryberg, T., Lernmark, A., Madsen, O. and Michelson, B.K. (1993) "Differential expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase in rat and human islets", Diabetes 42, 484 - 495
  • Kim, J., Richter, W., Aanstoot, H.J., Shi, Y., Fu, Q., Rajotte, R., et al. (1993) "Differential expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in human, rat, and mouse pancreatic islets", Diabetes 42, 1799 - 1808
  • Falorni, A., Grubin, C.E., Takei, I., Shimada, A., Kasuga, A., Maruyama, T., et al. (1994) "Radioimmunoassay detects the frequent occurrence of autoantibodies to the Mr 65,000 isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase in Japanese insulin-dependent diabetes", Autoimmunity 19, 113 - 125
  • Falorni, A., Ackefors, M., Carlberg, C., Daniels, T., Persson, B., Robertson, J., et al. (1996) "Diagnostic sensitivity of immunodominant epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibodies in childhood IDDM", Diabetologia 39, 1091 - 1098
  • Grubin, C.E., Daniels, T., Toivola, B., Landin-Olsson, M., Hagopian, W.A., Li, L., Karlsen, A.E., Boel, E., Michelsen, B. and Lernmark, A. (1994) "A novel radioligand binding assay to determine diagnostic accuracy of isoform-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in childhood IDDM", Diabetologia 37, 344 - 350
  • Kaufman, D.L., Erlander, M.G., Clare-Salzler, M., Atkinson, M.A., Maclaren, N.K. and Tobin, A.J. (1992) "Autoimmunity to two forms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus", J. Clin. Investig. 89, 283 - 292
  • Hallengren, B., Falorni, A., Landin-Olsson, M., Lernmark, A., Papadopoulos, K.I. and Sundkvist, G. (1996) "Islet cell and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in hyperthyroid patients: at diagnosis and following treatment", J. Intern. Med. 239, 63 - 68
  • Bonifacio, E., Lampasona, V., Bernasconi, L. and Ziegler, A.G. (2000) "Maturation of the humoral autoimmune response to epitopes of GAD in preclinical childhood type 1 diabetes", Diabetes 49, 202 - 208
  • Chessler, S.D. and Lernmark, A. (2000) "Alternative splicing of GAD67 results in the synthesis of a third form of glutamic-acid decarboxylase in human islets and other non-neural tissues", J. Biol. Chem. 275, 5188 - 5192
  • Szabo, G., Katarova, Z. and Greenspan, R. (1994) "Distinct protein forms are produced from alternatively spliced bicistronic glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNAs during development", Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 7535 - 7545
  • Vandewalle, C.L., Falorni, A., Svanholm, S., Lernmark, A., Pipeleers, D.G. and Gorus, F.K. (1995) "High diagnostic sensitivity of glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with clinical onset between age 20 and 40 years. The Belgian Diabetes Registry", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80, 846 - 851
  • Hampe, C.S., Ortqvist, E., Rolandsson, O., Landin-Olsson, M., Torn, C., Agren, A., Persson, B., Schranz, D.B. and Lernmark, A. (1999) "Species-specific autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 643 - 648
  • Marner, B., Lernmark, A., Ludvigsson, J., MacKay, P., Matsuba, I., Nerup, J. and Rabinovitch, A. (1985) "Islet cell antibodies in insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetic children treated with plasmapheresis", Diabetes Res. 2, 231 - 236
  • Bonifacio, E., Lernmark, A. and Dawkins, R.L. (1988) "Serum exchange and use of dilutions have improved precision of measurement of islet cell antibodies", J. Immunol. Methods 106, 83 - 88
  • Mire-Sluis, A.R. and Lernmark, Das R.G. (1999) "The development of a World Health Organisation international standard for islet cell antibodies: the aims and design of an international collaborative study", Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 15, 72 - 77
  • Falorni, A., Ortqvist, E., Persson, B. and Lernmark, A. (1995) "Radioimmunoassays for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and GAD65 autoantibodies using 35S or 3H recombinant human ligands", J. Immunol. Methods 186, 89 - 99
  • Li, L., Jiang, J., Hagopian, W.A., Karlsen, A.E., Skelly, M., Baskin, D.G. and Lernmark, A. (1995) "Differential detection of rat islet and brain glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) isoforms with sequence-specific peptide antibodies", J. Histochem. Cytochem. 43, 53 - 59
  • Hampe, C.S., Hammerle, L.P., Bekris, L., Ortqvist, E., Kockum, I., Rolandsson, O., Landin-Olsson, M., Torn, C., Persson, B. and Lernmark, A. (2000) "Recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by autoantibodies from different GAD antibody-positive phenotypes", J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 4671 - 4679
  • Ortqvist, E., Falorni, A., Scheynius, A., Persson, B. and Lernmark, A. (1997) "Age governs gender-dependent islet cell autoreactivity and predicts the clinical course in childhood IDDM", Acta Paediatr. 86, 1166 - 1171
  • Schmidli, R.S., Colman, P.G., Bonifacio, E., Bottazzo, G.F. and Harrison, L.C. (1994) "High level of concordance between assays for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. The First International Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody Workshop", Diabetes 43, 1005 - 1009
  • Verge, C.F., Stenger, D., Bonifacio, E., Colman, P.G., Pilcher, C., Bingley, P.J. and Eisenbarth, G.S. (1998) "Combined use of autoantibodies (IA-2 autoantibody, GAD autoantibody, insulin autoantibody, cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies) in type 1 diabetes: Combinatorial Islet Autoantibody Workshop", Diabetes 47, 1857 - 1866
  • Peakman, M., Tree, T.I., Endl, J., van Endert, P., Atkinson, M.A. and Roep, B.O. (2001) "Characterization of preparations of GAD65, proinsulin, and the islet tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 for use in detection of autoreactive T-cells in type 1 diabetes: report of phase II of the Second International Immunology of Diabetes Society Workshop for Standardization of T-cell assays in type 1 diabetes", Diabetes 50, 1749 - 1754
  • Roep, B.O., Atkinson, M.A., van Endert, P.M., Gottlieb, P.A., Wilson, S.B. and Sachs, J.A. (1999) "Autoreactive T cell Responses in Insulin-dependent (Type 1) Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the First International Workshop for Standardization of T cell assays", J. Autoimmun. 13, 267 - 282

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.