57
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Apoptosis and Autoimmune Disorders

&
Pages 323-330 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Kerr, J.F.R., Wyllie, A.H. and Currie, A.R. (1972) "Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics", Br J. Cancer 26, 239–257.
  • Cory, S. and Adams, J.M. (2002) "The Bc12 family: regulators of the cellular life-or-death switch", Nat. Rev. Cancer 2, 647–656.
  • Strasser, A., O'Connor, L. and Dixit, V.M. (2000) "Apoptosis signaling", Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69, 217–245.
  • Nagata, S. (2000) "Apoptotic DNA fragmentation", Exp. Cell. Res. 256, 12–18.
  • Siegel, R.M., Chan, F.K., Hun, H.J. and Lenardo, M.J. (2000) "The multifaceted role of Fas signaling in immune cell homeostasis and autoimmunity", Nat. Immunol. 1, 469–474.
  • Kischkel, F.C., Hellbardt, S., Behrmann, I., Germer, M., Pawlita, M., Krammer, PH. and Peter, ME. (1995) "Cytotoxicity dependent Apo-1 (Fas/CD95)-associated proteins form a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) with the receptor", EMBO J. 14, 5579–5588.
  • Nagata, S., Nagase, H., Kawane, K., Mukae, N. and Fukuyama, H. (2003) "Degradation of chromosomal DNA during apoptosis", Cell Death Differ 10, 108–116.
  • Al-Zoubi, A.M., Efimova, EN., Kaithamana, S., Martinez, O., El-Idrissi, Mel-A., Dogan, RE. and Prabhakar, B.S. (2001) "Contrasting effects of IG20 and its splice isoforms, MADD and DENN-SV, on tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis and activation of caspase-8 and -3", J. Biol. Chem. 276, 47202–47211.
  • Kennedy, N.J., Kataoka, T., Tschopp, J. and Budd, R.C. (1999) "Caspase activation is required for T cell proliferation", J. Exp. Med. 190, 1891–1896.
  • Alam, A., Cohen, L.Y., Aouad, S. and Sékaly, R-P. (1999) "Early activation of caspases during T lymphocyte stimulation results in selective substrate cleavage in nonapoptotic cells", J. Exp. Med. 190, 1879–1890.
  • Walsh, C.M., Wen, B.G., Chinnaiyan, A.M., O'Rourke, K., Dixit, V.M. and Hedrick, S.M. (1998) "A role for FADD in T cell activation and development", Immunity 8, 439–449.
  • Newton, K., Harris, A.W., Bath, M.L., Smith, K.G. and Strasser, A. (1998) "A dominant interfering mutant of FADD/MORT1 enhances deletion of autoreactive thymocytes and inhibits proliferation of mature T lymphocytes", EMBO J. 17, 706–718.
  • Yeh, W.C., Pompa, J.L., McCurrach, ME., Shu, H.B., Elia, A.J., Shahinian, A., Ng, M., Wakeham, A., Khoo, W., Mitchell, K., El-Deiry, W.S., Lowe, S.W., Goeddel, DN. and Mak, T.W. (1998) "FADD: essential for embryo development and signaling from some, but not all, inducers of apoptosis", Science 279, 1954–1958.
  • Saltnena, L., Lemmers, B., Hakem, A., Matysiak-Zablocki, E., Murakami, K., Au, P.Y., Beny, D.M., Tamblyn, L., Shehabeldin, A., Migon, E., Wakeham, A., Bouchard, D., Yeh, W.C., McGlade, J.C., Ohashi, P.S. and Hakem, R. (2003) "Essential role for caspase 8 in T-cell homeostasis and T-cell-mediated immunity", Genes Dev. 17, 883–895.
  • Newton, K. and Strasser, A. (2003) "Caspases signal not only apoptosis but also antigen-induced activation in cells of the immune system", Genes Dev. 17, 819–825.
  • Ju, ST., Panka, D.J., Cui, H., Ettinger, R., el-Khatib, M., Sherr, D.H., Stanger, B.Z. and Marshak-Rothstein, A. (1995) "Fas(CD95)/FasL interactions required for programmed cell death after T-cell activation", Nature 373, 444–448.
  • Dhein, J., Walczak, H., Baumler, C., Debatin, KM. and Krammer, PH. (1995) "Autocrine T-cell suicide mediated by APO-1/(Fas/CD95)", Nature 373, 438–441.
  • Refaeli, Y, Van Parijs, L., London, C.A., Tschopp, J. and Abbas, A.K. (1998) "Biochemical mechanisms of IL-2-regulated Fas-mediated T cell apoptosis", Immunity 8, 615–623.
  • Van Parijs, L., Refaeli, Y, Abbas, A.K. and Baltimore, D. (1999) "Autoimmunity as a consequence of retrovirus-mediated expression of C-FLIP in lymphocytes", Immunity 11, 763–770.
  • Kirchhoff, S., Muller, W.W., Li-Weber, M. and Krammer, P.H. (2000) "Up-regulation of c-FL1Pshort and reduction of activation-induced cell death in CD28-costimulated human T cells", Eur. J. Immunol. 30, 2765–2774.
  • Rothstein, T.L., Wang, J.K., Panka, D.J., Foote, L.C., Wang, Z., Stanger, B., Cui, H., Ju, S.T. and Marshak-Rothstein, A. (1995) "Protection against Fas-dependent Thl-mediated apoptosis by antigen receptor engagement in B cells", Nature 374, 163–165.
  • Hennino, A., Berard, M., Krammer, PH. and Defrance, T. (2001) "FLICE-inhibitory protein is a key regulator of germinal center B cell apoptosis", J. Exp. Med. 193, 447–458.
  • Hennino, A., Berard, M., Casamayor-Palleja, M., Krammer, P.H. and Defrance, T. (2000) "Regulation of the Fas death pathway by FLICE-inhibitory protein in primary human B cells", J. Immunol. 165, 3023–3030.
  • Wang, J., Lobito, A.A., Shen, F., Hornung, F., Winoto, A. and Lenardo, M.J. (2000) "Inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis by the B cell antigen receptor through c-FLIP", Eur. J. Immunol. 30(1), 155–163.
  • Prasad, K.V., Ao, Z., Yoon, Y, Wu, M.X., Rizk, M., Jacquot, S. and Schlossman, S.F. (1997) "CD27, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, induces apoptosis and binds to Siva, a proapoptotic protein", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 6346–6351.
  • Spinicelli, S., Nocentini, G., Ronchetti, S., Krausz, L.T., Bianchini, R. and Riccardi, C. (2002) "GITR interacts with the pro-apoptotic protein Siva and induces apoptosis", Cell Death Differ 9, 1382–1384.
  • Grell, M., Zimmermann, G., Gottfried, E., Chen, C.M., Grunwald, U., Huang, D.C., Wu Lee, Y.H., Durkop, H., Engelmann, H., Scheurich, P., Wajant, H. and Strasser, A. (1999) "Induction of cell death by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2, CD40 and CD30: a role for TNF-R1 activation by endogenous membrane-anchored TNF", EMBO J. 18, 3034–3043.
  • Chan, F.K., Siegel, R.M. and Lenardo, M.J. (2000) "Signaling by the TNF receptor superfamily and T cell homeostasis", Immunity 13, 419–422.
  • Rathmell, J.C. and Thompson, C.B. (2002) "Pathways of apoptosis in lymphocyte development, homeostasis, and disease", Cell 109(Suppl), S97—S107.
  • Reed, J.C. and Green, D.R. (2002) "Remodeling for demolition: changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure during apoptosis", MoL Cell 9, 1–3.
  • Scorrano, L. and Korsmeyer, S.J. (2003), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 304, 437–444.
  • Wei, M.C., Zong, W.X., Cheng, E.H., Lindsten, T., Panoutsako-poulou, V, Ross, A.J., Roth, K.A., MacGregor, G.R., Thompson, C.B. and Korsmeyer, S.J. (2001) "Proapoptotic BAX and BAK: a requisite gateway to mitochondrial dysfunction and death", Science 292, 727–730.
  • Bouillet, P., Metcalf, D., Huang, D.C., Tarlinton, D.M., Kay, T.W., Kontgen, F., Adams, J.M. and Strasser, A. (1999) "Proapoptotic Bc1-2 relative Bim required for certain apoptotic responses, leukocyte homeostasis, and to preclude autoimmunity", Science 286, 1735–1738.
  • Sebzda, E., Mariathasan, S., Ohteki, T., Jones, R., Bachmann, M.F. and Ohashi, P.S. (1999) "Selection of the T cell repertoire", Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17, 829–874.
  • Melchers, F., ten Boekel, E., Seidl, T., Kong, X.C., Yamagami, T., Onishi, K., Shimizu, T., Rolink, A.G. and Andersson, J. (2000) "Repertoire selection by pre-B-cell receptors and B-cell receptors, and genetic control of B-cell development from immature to mature B cells", Immunol. Rev. 175, 33–46.
  • Baird, A.M., Gerstein, R.M. and Berg, L.J. (1999) "The role of cytokine receptor signaling in lymphocyte development", Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11, 157–166.
  • Bouillet, P., Purton, J.F., Godfrey, DJ., Zhang, L.C., Coultas, L., Puthalakath, H., Pellegrini, M., Cory, S., Adams, J.M. and Strasser, A. (2002) "BH3-only Bc1-2 family member Bim is required for apoptosis of autoreactive thymocytes", Nature 415, 922–926.
  • Burr, J.S., Savage, ND., Messah, G.E., Kimzey, S.L., Shaw, AS., Arch, R.H. and Green, J.M. (2001) "Cutting edge: distinct motifs within CD28 regulate T cell proliferation and induction of Bcl-XL", J. Immunol. 166, 5331–5335.
  • Van Parijs, L. and Abbas, A.K. (1998) "Homeostasis and self-tolerance in the immune system: turning lymphocytes off", Science 280, 243–248.
  • Berard, M., Casamayor-Palleja, M., Billian, G., Bella, C., Mondiere, P. and Defrance, T. (1999) "Activation sensitizes human memory B cells to B-cell receptor-induced apoptosis", Immunology 98, 47–54.
  • Marrack, P., Bender, J., Hildeman, D., Jordan, M., Mitchell, T., Murakami, M., Sakamoto, A., Schaefer, B.C., Swanson, B. and Kappler, J. (2000) "Homeostasis of alpha beta TCR + T cells", Nat. Immunol. 1, 107–111.
  • Ku, C.C., Murakami, M., Sakamoto, A., Kappler, J. and Marrack, P. (2000) "Control of homeostasis of CD8+ memory T cells by opposing cytokines", Science 288, 675–678.
  • Weetman, A.P. and McGregor, A.M. (1994) "Autoimmune thyroid disease: further developments in our understanding", Endocr. Rev. 15, 788–830.
  • Dayan, C.M. and Daniels, G.H. (1996) "Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis", N. EngL J. Med. 335, 99–107.
  • Arscott, P.L. and Baker, Jr, J.R. (1998) "Apoptosis and thyroiditis", Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 87, 207–217.
  • Kaithamana, S., Fan, J., Osuga, Y, Liang, S.G. and Prabhakar, B.S. (1999) "Induction of experimental autoimmune Graves' disease in BALB/c mice", J. Immunol. 163, 5157–5164.
  • Stassi, G. and De Maria, R. (2002) "Autoimmune thyroid disease: new models of cell death in autoimmunity", Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2, 195 — 204.
  • Stassi, G., Di Liberto, D., Todaro, M., Zeuner, A., Ricci-Vitiani, L., Stoppacciaro, A., Ruco, L., Farina, E, Zummo, G. and De Maria, R. (2000) "Control of target cell survival in thyroid autoimmunity by T helper cytokines via regulation of apoptotic proteins", Nat. Immunol. 1, 483–488.
  • Dogan, RN., Vasu, C., Holterman, M.J. and Prabhakar, B.S. (2003) "Absence of IL-4, and not suppression of the Th2 response, prevents development of experimental autoimmune Graves' disease", J. Immunol. 170, 2195–2204.
  • Mathis, D., Vence, L. and Benoist, C. (2001) "beta-Cell death during progression to diabetes", Nature 414, 792–798.
  • Trudeau, J.D., Dutz, J.P., Arany, E., Hill, D.J., Fieldus, W.E. and Finegood, D.T. (2000) "Neonatal beta-cell apoptosis: a trigger for autoimmune diabetes?", Diabetes 49, 1–7.
  • Stassi, G., De Maria, R., Trucco, G., Rudert, W., Testi, R., Galluzzo, A., Giordano, C. and Trucco, M. (1997) "Nitric oxide primes pancreatic beta cells for Fas-mediated destruction in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus", J. Exp. Med. 186, 1193–2000.
  • Hemmer, B., Archelos, J.J. and Hartung, H.P. (2002) "New concepts in the inununopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis", Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 291–301.
  • D'Souza, S.D., Bonetti, B., Balasingam, V., Cashman, N.R., Barker, RA., Troutt, A.B., Raine, C.S. and Antel, J.P. (1996) "Multiple sclerosis: Fas signaling in oligodendrocyte cell death", J. Exp. Med. 184, 2361–2370.
  • Dowling, P., Shang, G., Raval, S., Menonna, J., Cook, S. and Husar, W. (1996) "Involvement of the CD95 (AP0-1/Fas) receptor/ligand system in multiple sclerosis brain", J. Exp. Med. 184, 1513–1518.
  • Inohara, N., Ogura, Y. and Nunez, G. (2002) "Nods: a family of cytosolic proteins that regulate the host response to pathogens", Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 5, 76–80.
  • Beutler, B. (2001) "Autoinununity and apoptosis: the Crohn's connection", Immunity 15, 5–14.
  • Hugot, J.P., Chamaillard, M., Zouali, H., Lesage, S., Cezard, J.P., Belaiche, J., Almer, S., Tysk, C., O'Morain, CA., Gassull, M., Binder, V., Finkel, Y, Cortot, A., Modigliani, R., Laurent-Puig, P., Gower-Rousseau, C., Macry, J., Colombel, J.F., Sahbatou, M. and Thomas, G. (2001) "Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease", Nature 411, 599–603.
  • Ogura, Y, Saab, L., Chen, F.F., Benito, A., Inohara, N. and Nunez, G. (2003) "Genetic variation and activity of mouse Nod2, a susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease small star, filled", Genomics 81, 369–377.
  • Ina, K., Itoh, J., Fukushima, K., Kusugami, K., Yamaguchi, T., Kyokane, K., Imada, A., Binion, D.G., Musso, A., West, GA., Dobrea, G.M., McCormick, T.S., Lapetina, E.G., Levine, A.D., Ottaway, C.A. and Fiocchi, C. (1999) "Resistance of Crohn's disease T cells to multiple apoptotic signals is associated with a Bc1-2/Bax mucosal imbalance", J. Immunol. 163, 1081–1090.
  • Atreya, R., Mudter, J., Finotto, S., Mullberg, J., Jostock, T., Wirtz, S., Schutz, M., Bartsch, B., Hohmann, M., Becker, C., Strand, D., Czaja, J., Schlaak, J.F., Lehr, RA., Autschbach, F., Schurmann, G., Nishimoto, N., Yoshizaki, K., Ito, H., Kishimoto, T., Galle, P.R., Rose-John, S. and Neurath, M.F. (2000) "Blockade of interleukin 6 trans signaling suppresses T-cell resistance against apoptosis in chronic intestinal inflammation: evidence in Crohn disease and experimental colitis in vivo", Nat. Med. 6, 583–588.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.