Occurrence of enterovirus RNA in serum of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and islet cell autoantibody-positive subjects in a population with a low incidence of type 1 diabetes

References

• Kulmala P, Savola K, Reijonen H, Veijola R, Vähäsalo P, Karjalainen J, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Ilonen J, Tuomilehto J, Akerblom HK, Knip M, the Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. Genetic markers, humoral autoimmunity, and prediction of type 1 diabetes in siblings of affected children. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. Diabetes 2000; 49: 48–58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krischer JP, Cuthbertson DD, Yu L, Orban T, Maclaren N, Jackson R, Winter WE, Schatz DA, Palmer JP, Eisenbarth GS. Screening strategies for the identification of multiple antibody-positive relatives of individuals with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 103–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrano-Ríos M, Goday A, Martínez Larrad T. Migrant populations and the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus: An overview of the literature with a focus on the Spanish-heritage countries in Latin America. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 1999; 15: 113–132
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hyoty H, Taylor KW. The role of viruses in human diabetes. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 1353–1361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varela-Calvino R, Peakman M. Enteroviruses and type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2003; 19: 431–441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roivainen M. Enteroviruses: New findings on the role of enteroviruses in type 1 diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 38: 721–725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Horta O, Bello M, Cabrera-Rode E, Suarez J, Mas P, Garcia I, Abalos I, Jofra R, Molina G, Diaz-Diaz O, Di Mario U. Echovirus 4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Autoimmunity 2001; 34: 275–281
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cabrera-Rode E, Sarmiento L, Molina G, Pérez C, Arranz C, Galvan J, Prieto M, Barrios J, Palomera R, Fonseca M, Mas P, Díaz-Díaz O, Díaz-Horta O. Islet cell related antibodies and type 1 diabetes associated with echovirus 30 epidemic: A case report. J Med Virol 2005; 76: 373–377
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foy CA, Quirke P, Lewis FA, Futers TS, Bodansky HJ. Detection of common viruses using the polymerase chain reaction to assess levels of viral presence in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabet Med 1995; 12: 1002–1008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andreoletti L, Hober D, Hober-Vandenberghe C, Belaich S, Vantyghem MC, Lefebvre J, Wattre P. Detection of coxsackie B virus RNA sequences in whole blood samples from adult patients at the onset of type I diabetes mellitus. J Med Virol 1997; 52: 121–127
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nairn C, Galbraith DN, Taylor KW, Clements GB. Enterovirus variants in the serum of children at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1999; 16: 509–513
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chehadeh W, Weill J, Vantyghem MC, Alm G, Lefebvre J, Wattre P, Hober D. Increased level of interferon-alpha in blood of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Relationship with coxsackievirus B infection. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 1929–1939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonnrot M, Salminen K, Knip M, Savola K, Kulmala P, Leinikki P, Hyypiä T, Akerblom HK, Hyöty H, the Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. Enterovirus RNA in serum is a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity and clinical type 1 diabetes: A prospective study. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. J Med Virol 1997; 61: 214–220
   Google Scholar
• Lonnrot M, Korpela K, Knip M, Ilonen J, Simell O, Korhonen S, Savola K, Muona P, Simell T, Koskela P, Hyoty H. Enterovirus infection as a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity in a prospectively observed birth cohort: The Finnish Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study. Diabetes 2000; 49: 1314–1318
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coutant R, Carel JC, Lebon P, Bougneres PF, Palmer P, Cantero-Aguilar L. Detection of enterovirus RNA sequences in serum samples from autoantibody-positive subjects at risk for diabetes. Diabet Med 2002; 19: 968–969
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yin H, Berg AK, Tuvemo T, Frisk G. Enterovirus RNA is found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a majority of type 1 diabetic children at onset. Diabetes 2002; 51: 1964–1971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig ME, Howard NJ, Silink M, Rawlinson WD. Reduced frequency of HLA DRB1*03-DQB1*02 in children with type 1 diabetes associated with enterovirus RNA. J Infect Dis 2003; 15: 1562–1570
   Google Scholar
• Dahlquist GG, Forsberg J, Hagenfeldt L, Boman J, Juto P. Increased prevalence of enteroviral RNA in blood spots from newborn children who later developed type 1 diabetes: A population-based case-control study. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 285–286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moya-Suri V, Schlosser M, Zimmermann K, Rjasanowski I, Gurtler L, Mentel R. Enterovirus RNA sequences in sera of schoolchildren in the general population and their association with type 1-diabetes-associated autoantibodies. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54: 879–883
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karvonen M, Viik-Kajander M, Moltchanova E, Libman I, LaPorte R, Tuomilehto J. Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1516–1526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoll GJ, Melchers WJ, Kopecka H, Jambroes G, van der Poel HJ, Galama JM. General primer-mediated polymerase chain reaction for detection of enteroviruses: Application for diagnostic routine and persistent infections. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 160–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CF, De L, Yang SJ, Gómez JR, Cruz JR, Halloway B, Pallansch MA, Kew O. Genotype-specific in vitro amplification of sequences of the wild type 3 polioviruses from México y Guatemala. Virus Res 1992; 24: 277–296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarmiento L, Mas P, Goyenechea A, Palomera R, Morier L, Capo V, Quintana I, Santin M. First epidemic of echovirus 16 meningitis in Cuba. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7: 887–889
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kwok S, Higuchi R. Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature 1989; 339: 237–238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabrera-Rode E, Sarmiento L, Tiberti C, Molina G, Barrios J, Hernández D, Díaz-Horta O, Di Mario U. Type 1 diabetes associated antibodies in subjects infected by echovirus 16. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 1348–1353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallansch M, Raymond P. Enteroviruses: Polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses and newer enterovirus. Fields virology3rd ed., D Knipe, P Howley, D Griffin. Lippincott Raven Publisher, Philadelphia 2001; 123–775
   Google Scholar
• Viskari H, Ludvigsson J, Uibo R, Salur L, Marciolionyte D, Hermann R, Soltesz G, Füchtenbusch M, Ziegler AG, Kondrasshova A, Romanov A, Knip M, Hyoty H. Relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and enterovirus infections in different European populations: Results from the EPIVIR project. J Med Virol 2004; 72: 610–617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarmiento L. Enteroviral meningitis and emergence of rare enterovirus types: Cuban experience. Focus on meningitis research, P Strong. Nova Science Publishers, New York 2004; 1–14
   Google Scholar
• Tracy S, Chapman N, Rubocki R, Beck M. Host immune responses to enterovirus infections. Human enterovirus infections, H Rotbart. ASM Press, Washington 1995; 175–191
   Google Scholar
• Horwitz MS, Bradley LM, Harbertson J, Krahl T, Lee J, Sarvetnick N. Diabetes induced by coxsackie virus-initiation by bystander damage and not molecular mimicry. Nat Med 1998; 4: 781–785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roivainen M, Rasilainen S, Ylipaasto P, Nissinen R, Ustinov J, Bouwens L, Eizirik DL, Hovi T, Otonkoski T. Mechanisms of coxsackievirus-induced damage to human pancreatic β-cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 432–440
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haverkos HW, Battula N, Drotman DP, Rennert OM. Enterovirus and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2003; 57: 379–385
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elshebani A, Olsson A, Westman J, Tuvemo T, Korsgren O, Frisk G. Effects on isolated human pancreatic islet cell after infection with strains of enterovirus isolated at clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes. Virus Res 2007; 124: 193–203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar