139
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Serum autoantibodies: A road map for the clinical hepatologist

, , , &
Pages 27-34 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G. Autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmun Rev 2003; 2: 241–247
  • Jones DE. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Autoimmunity 2004; 37: 325–328
  • Kaplan MM, Gershwin ME. Primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1261–1273
  • Levy C, Lindor KD. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: Epidemiology, natural history and prognosis. Semin Liver Dis 2006; 26: 22–30
  • Krawitt EL. Autoimmune hepatitis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 54–66
  • Vergani D, Alvarez F, Bianchi FB, Cancado EL, Mackay IR, Manns MP, et al. Liver autoimmune serology: A consensus statement from the committee for autoimmune serology of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. J Hepatol 2004; 41: 677–683
  • Selmi C, Mayo MJ, Bach N, Ishibashi H, Invernizzi P, Gish RG, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: Genetics, epigenetics, and environment. Gastroenterol 2004; 127: 485–492
  • Kita H, Mackay IR, Van De Water J, Gershwin ME. The lymphoid liver: Considerations on pathways to autoimmune injury. Gastroenterol 2001; 120: 1485–1501
  • Vergani D, Choudhuri K, Bogdanos DP, Mieli-Vergani G. Pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2002; 6: 727–737
  • Selmi C, Mackay IR, Gershwin ME. The immunological milieu of the liver. Semin Liver Dis 2007; 27: 129–139
  • Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G. Mechanisms of autoimmune hepatitis. Pediatr Transplant 2004; 8: 589–593
  • He XS, Ansari AA, Ridgway WM, Coppel RL, Gershwin ME. New insights to the immunopathology and autoimmune responses in primary biliary cirrhosis. Cell Immunol 2006; 239: 1–13
  • Moritoki Y, Lian ZX, Ohsugi Y, Ueno Y, Gershwin ME. B cells and autoimmune liver diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2006; 5: 449–457
  • Invernizzi P, Crosignani A, Battezzati PM, Covini G, De Valle G, Larghi A, et al. Comparison of the clinical features and clinical course of antimitochondrial antibody-positive and -negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1997; 25: 1090–1095
  • Bogdanos DP, Baum H, Vergani D. Antimitochondrial and other autoantibodies. Clin Liver Dis 2003; 7: 759–777, vi
  • Gershwin ME, Mackay IR, Sturgess A, Coppel RL. Identification and specificity of a cDNA encoding the 70 kd mitochondrial antigen recognized in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Immunol 1987; 138: 3525–3531
  • Ishibashi H, Shimoda S, Gershwin ME. The immune response to mitochondrial autoantigens. Semin Liver Dis 2005; 25: 337–346
  • Bruggraber SF, Leung PS, Amano K, Quan C, Kurth MJ, Nantz MH, et al. Autoreactivity to lipoate and a conjugated form of lipoate in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterol 2003; 125: 1705–1713
  • Miyakawa H, Tanaka A, Kikuchi K, Matsushita M, Kitazawa E, Kawaguchi N, et al. Detection of antimitochondrial autoantibodies in immunofluorescent AMA-negative patients with primary biliary cirrhosis using recombinant autoantigens. Hepatology 2001; 34: 243–248
  • Oertelt S, Rieger R, Selmi C, Invernizzi P, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, et al. A sensitive bead assay for antimitochondrial antibodies: Chipping away at AMA-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2007; 45: 659–665
  • Metcalf JV, Mitchison HC, Palmer JM, Jones DE, Bassendine MF, James OF. Natural history of early primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1996; 348: 1399–1402
  • Invernizzi P, Selmi C, Ranftler C, Podda M, Wesierska-Gadek J. Antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 2005; 25: 298–310
  • Szostecki C, Guldner HH, Will H. Autoantibodies against “nuclear dots” in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 1997; 17: 71–78
  • Courvalin JC, Worman HJ. Nuclear envelope protein autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 1997; 17: 79–90
  • Wesierska-Gadek J, Penner E, Battezzati PM, Selmi C, Zuin M, Hitchman E, et al. Correlation of initial autoantibody profile and clinical outcome in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2006; 43: 1135–1144
  • Nakamura M, Shimizu-Yoshida Y, Takii Y, Komori A, Yokoyama T, Ueki T, et al. Antibody titer to gp210-C terminal peptide as a clinical parameter for monitoring primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2005; 42: 386–392
  • Cowling DC, Mackay IR, Taft LI. Lupoid hepatitis. Lancet 1956; 271: 1323–1326
  • Doniach D, Walker G. Immunopathology of liver disease. Prog Liver Dis 1972; 4: 381–402
  • Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs AK, Cancado EL, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: Review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 1999; 31: 929–938
  • McFarlane IG. Autoimmune hepatitis: Diagnostic criteria, subclassifications, and clinical features. Clin Liver Dis 2002; 6: 605–621
  • Strassburg CP, Alex B, Zindy F, Gerken G, Luttig B, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH, et al. Identification of cyclin A as a molecular target of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in hepatic and non-hepatic autoimmune diseases. J Hepatol 1996; 25: 859–866
  • Czaja AJ, Morshed SA, Parveen S, Nishioka M. Antibodies to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA in antinuclear antibody-positive type 1-autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 1997; 26: 567–572
  • Nishioka M, Morshed SA. Heterogeneity of anti-nuclear antibodies in autoimmune liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 1999; 53: 293–300
  • Huguet S, Labas V, Duclos-Vallee JC, Bruneel A, Vinh J, Samuel D, et al. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 identified as an autoantigen in autoimmune hepatitis by proteome analysis. Proteomics 2004; 4: 1341–1345
  • Czaja AJ, Cassani F, Cataleta M, Valentini P, Bianchi FB. Antinuclear antibodies and patterns of nuclear immunofluorescence in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42: 1688–1696
  • Johnson GD, Holborow EJ, Glynn LE. Antibody to smooth muscle in patients with liver disease. Lancet 1965; 2: 878–879
  • Muratori P, Muratori L, Agostinelli D, Pappas G, Veronesi L, Granito A, et al. Smooth muscle antibodies and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmunity 2002; 35: 497–500
  • Toh BH. Smooth muscle autoantibodies and autoantigens. Clin Exp Immunol 1979; 38: 621–628
  • Pedersen JS, Toh BH, Mackay IR, Tait BD, Gust ID, Kastelan A, et al. Segregation of autoantibody to cytoskeletal filaments, actin and intermediate filaments with two types of chronic active hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1982; 48: 527–532
  • Kurki P, Miettinen A, Linder E, Pikkarainen P, Vuoristo M, Salaspuro MP. Different types of smooth muscle antibodies in chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: Their diagnostic and prognostic significance. Gut 1980; 21: 878–884
  • Czaja AJ, Cassani F, Cataleta M, Valentini P, Bianchi FB. Frequency and significance of antibodies to actin in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 1996; 24: 1068–1073
  • Czaja AJ. Behavior and significance of autoantibodies in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 1999; 30: 394–401
  • Rizzetto M, Swana G, Doniach D. Microsomal antibodies in active chronic hepatitis and other disorders. Clin Exp Immunol 1973; 15: 331–344
  • Gueguen M, Meunier-Rotival M, Bernard O, Alvarez F. Anti-liver kidney microsome antibody recognizes a cytochrome P450 from the IID subfamily. J Exp Med 1988; 168: 801–806
  • Zanger UM, Hauri HP, Loeper J, Homberg JC, Meyer UA. Antibodies against human cytochrome P-450db1 in autoimmune hepatitis type II. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 8256–8260
  • Manns MP, Johnson EF, Griffin KJ, Tan EM, Sullivan KF. Major antigen of liver kidney microsomal autoantibodies in idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis is cytochrome P450db1. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 1066–1072
  • Vergani D. LKM antibody: Getting in some target practice. Gut 2000; 46: 449–450
  • Manns MP, Griffin KJ, Sullivan KF, Johnson EF. LKM-1 autoantibodies recognize a short linear sequence in P450IID6, a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 1370–1378
  • Kerkar N, Choudhuri K, Ma Y, Mahmoud A, Bogdanos DP, Muratori L, et al. Cytochrome P4502D6(193-212): A new immunodominant epitope and target of virus/self cross-reactivity in liver kidney microsomal autoantibody type 1-positive liver disease. J Immunol 2003; 170: 1481–1489
  • Ma Y, Thomas MG, Okamoto M, Bogdanos DP, Nagl S, Kerkar N, et al. Key residues of a major cytochrome P4502D6 epitope are located on the surface of the molecule. J Immunol 2002; 169: 277–285
  • Muratori L, Parola M, Ripalti A, Robino G, Muratori P, Bellomo G, et al. Liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 targets CYP2D6 on hepatocyte plasma membrane. Gut 2000; 46: 553–561
  • Lohr HF, Schlaak JF, Lohse AW, Bocher WO, Arenz M, Gerken G, et al. Autoreactive CD4+ LKM-specific and anticlonotypic T-cell responses in LKM-1 antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 1996; 24: 1416–1421
  • Ma Y, Bogdanos DP, Hussain MJ, Underhill J, Bansal S, Longhi MS, et al. Polyclonal T-cell responses to cytochrome P450IID6 are associated with disease activity in autoimmune hepatitis type 2. Gastroenterol 2006; 130: 868–882
  • Lenzi M, Ballardini G, Fusconi M, Cassani F, Selleri L, Volta U, et al. Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus infection. Lancet 1990; 335: 258–259
  • Zimmerman HJ, Lewis JH, Ishak KG, Maddrey WC. Ticrynafen-associated hepatic injury: Analysis of 340 cases. Hepatology 1984; 4: 315–323
  • Philipp T, Durazzo M, Trautwein C, Alex B, Straub P, Lamb JG, et al. Recognition of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferases by LKM-3 antibodies in chronic hepatitis D. Lancet 1994; 344: 578–581
  • Crivelli O, Lavarini C, Chiaberge E, Amoroso A, Farci P, Negro F, et al. Microsomal autoantibodies in chronic infection with the HBsAg associated delta (delta) agent. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 54: 232–238
  • Fabien N, Desbos A, Bienvenu J, Magdalou J. Autoantibodies directed against the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in human autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmun Rev 2004; 3: 1–9
  • Claise C, Johanet C, Bouhnik Y, Kapel N, Homberg JC, Poupon R. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in autoimmune liver and inflammatory bowel diseases. Liver 1996; 16: 28–34
  • Targan SR, Landers CJ, Cobb L, MacDermott RP, Vidrich A. Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are spontaneously produced by mucosal B cells of ulcerative colitis patients. J Immunol 1995; 155: 3262–3267
  • Mulder AH, Horst G, Haagsma EB, Kleibeuker JH, Kallenberg CG. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in autoimmune liver disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 1993; 336: 545–549
  • Savige J, Gillis D, Benson E, Davies D, Esnault V, Falk RJ, et al. International consensus statement on testing and reporting of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Am J Clin Pathol 1999; 111: 507–513
  • Kain R, Matsui K, Exner M, Binder S, Schaffner G, Sommer EM, et al. A novel class of autoantigens of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis: The lysosomal membrane glycoprotein h-lamp-2 in neutrophil granulocytes and a related membrane protein in glomerular endothelial cells. J Exp Med 1995; 181: 585–597
  • Lindgren S, Nilsson S, Nassberger L, Verbaan H, Wieslander J. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in patients with chronic liver diseases: Prevalence, antigen specificity and predictive value for diagnosis of autoimmune liver disease. Swedish internal medicine liver club (SILK). J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15: 437–442
  • Terjung B, Spengler U, Sauerbruch T, Worman HJ. “Atypical p-ANCA” in IBD and hepatobiliary disorders react with a 50-kilodalton nuclear envelope protein of neutrophils and myeloid cell lines. Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 310–322
  • Roozendaal C, Van Milligen de Wit AW, Haagsma EB, Horst G, Schwarze C, Peter HH, et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Defined specificities may be associated with distinct clinical features. Am J Med 1998; 105: 393–399
  • Bansi DS, Bauducci M, Bergqvist A, Boberg K, Broome U, Chapman R, et al. Detection of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis: A comparison of the alkaline phosphatase and immunofluorescent techniques. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997; 9: 575–580
  • Pokorny CS, Norton ID, McCaughan GW, Selby WS. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody: A prognostic indicator in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994; 9: 40–44
  • Vitozzi S, Djilali-Saiah I, Lapierre P, Alvarez F. Anti-soluble liver antigen/liver–pancreas (SLA/LP) antibodies in pediatric patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmunity 2002; 35: 485–492
  • Costa M, Rodriguez-Sanchez JL, Czaja AJ, Gelpi C. Isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding the antigenic protein of the human tRNP(Ser)Sec complex recognized by autoantibodies from patients withtype-1 autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 121: 364–374
  • Wies I, Brunner S, Henninger J, Herkel J, Kanzler S, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH, et al. Identification of target antigen for SLA/LP autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis. Lancet 2000; 355: 1510–1515
  • Ma Y, Okamoto M, Thomas MG, Bogdanos DP, Lopes AR, Portmann B, et al. Antibodies to conformational epitopes of soluble liver antigen define a severe form of autoimmune liver disease. Hepatology 2002; 35: 658–664
  • Miyakawa H, Tanaka A, Selmi C, Hosoya N, Mataki N, Kikuchi K, et al. Serum reactivity against bacterial pyruvate dehydrogenase: Increasing the specificity of anti-mitochondrial antibodies for the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2006; 13: 289–294
  • Janka C, Selmi C, Gershwin ME, Will H, Sternsdorf T. Small ubiquitin-related modifiers: A novel and independent class of autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2005; 41: 609–616

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.