166
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Infrequent and low AIRE expression in thymoma: Difference in AIRE expression among WHO subtypes does not correlate with association of MG

, , &
Pages 377-382 | Received 12 Dec 2007, Accepted 08 Feb 2008, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Zuklys S, Balciunaite G, Agarwal A, Fasler-Kan E, Palmer E, Hollander GA. Normal thymic architecture and negative selection are associated with Aire expression, the gene defective in the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). J Immunol 2000; 165: 1976–1983
  • Halonen M, Pelto-Huikko M, Eskelin P, Peltonen L, Ulmanen I, Kolmer M. Subcellular location and expression pattern of autoimmune regulator (Aire), the mouse orthologue for human gene defective in autoimmune polyendoctrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). J Hisitochem Cytochem 2001; 49: 197–208
  • Heino M, Peterson P, Kudoh J, Nagamine K, Lagerstedt A, Ovod V, Ranki A, Rantala I, Nieminen M, Tuukkanen J, Scott HS, Antonarakis SE, Shimizu N, Krohn K. Autoimmune regulator is expressed in the cells regulating immune tolerance in thymus medulla. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 257: 821–825
  • Aaltonen J, Bjorses P, Sandkuijl L, Perheentupa J, Peltonen L. An autosomal locus causing autoimmune disease: Autoimmune polyglandular disease type I assigned to chromosome 21. Nat Genet 1994; 8: 83–87
  • Ramsey C, Winqvist O, Puhakka L, Halonen M, Moro A, Kampe O, Eskelin P, Pelto-Huikko M, Peltonen L. Aire deficient mice develop multiple features of APECED phenotype and show altered immune response. Hum Mol Genet 2002; 11: 397–409
  • Anderson MS, Venanzi ES, Klein L, Chen Z, Berzins SP, Turley SJ, von Boehmer H, Bronson R, Dierich A, Benoist C, Mathis D. Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the aire protein. Science 2002; 298: 1395–1401
  • Eisenbarth GS, Gottieb PA. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2068–2079
  • Ahonen P, Myllarniemi S, Sipila I, Perheentupa J. Clinical variation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a series of 68 patients. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1829–1836
  • Egwuagu CE, Charukamnoetkanok P, Gery I. Thymic expression of autoantigens correlates with resistance to autoimmune disease. J Immunol 1997; 159: 3109–3112
  • Hanahan D. Peripheral-antigen-expressing cells in thymic medulla: Factors in self-tolerance and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 1998; 10: 656–662
  • Heath VL, Moore NC, Parnell SM, Mason DW. Intrathymic expression of genes involved in organ specific autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 1998; 11: 309–318
  • Werdelin O, Cordes U, Jensen T. Aberrant expression of tissue-specific proteins in the thymus: A hypothesis for the development of central tolerance. Scand J Immunol 1998; 47: 95–100
  • Johonnidis JB, Venanzi ES, Taxman DJ, Ting JP, Benoist CO, Mathis DJ. Chromosomal clustering of genes controlled by the aire transcription factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 7233–7238
  • Derbinski J, Schulte A, Kyewski B, Klein L. Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 1032–1039
  • Derbinski J, Gäbler J, Brors B, Tierling S, Jonnakuty S, Hergenhahn M, Peltonen L, Walter J, Kyewski B. Promiscuous gene expression in thymic epithelial cells is regulated at multiple levels. J Exp Med 2005; 202: 33–45
  • Laufer TM, Glimcher LH, Lo D. Using thymus anatomy to dissect T cell repertoire selection. Semin Immunol 1999; 11: 65–70
  • Boehm T, Scheu S, Pfeffer K, Bleul CC. Thymic medullary epithelial cell differentiation, thymocyte emigration, and the control of autoimmunity require lympho-epithelial cross talk via LTbR. J Exp Med 2003; 198: 757–769
  • Okumura M, Ohta M, Tanaka H, Nakagawa K, Matsumura A, Maeda H, Tada H, Eimoto T, Matsuda H, Masaoka A. The World Health Organization Histologic Classification System reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma. Cancer 2002; 94: 624–631
  • Kondo K, Yoshizawa K, Tsuyuguchi M, Kimura S, Sumitomo M, Morita J, Miyoshi T, Sakiyama S, Mukai K, Monden Y. WHO histologic classification is a prognostic indicator in thymoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 77: 1183–1188
  • Kondo K, Monden Y. Thymoma and myasthenia gravis: A clinical study of 1,089 patients from Japan. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 79: 219–224
  • Ströbel P, Murumägi A, Klein R, Luster M, Lahti M, Krohn K, Schalke B, Nix W, Gold R, Rieckmann P, Toyka K, Burek C, Rosenwald A, Muller-Hermelink HK, Pujoll-Borrell R, Meager A, Willcox N, Peterson P, Marx A. Deficiency of the autoimmune regulator AIRE in thymomas is insufficient to elicit autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type I (ASP-1). J Pathol 2007; 211: 563–571

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.