References
- Wahren-Herlenius M, Dörner T. Immunopathogenic mechanisms of systemic autoimmune disease. Lancet. 2013;382(9894):819–831.
- Wu H, Deng Y, Feng Y, et al. Epigenetic regulation in B-cell maturation and its dysregulation in autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol. 2018;15(7):676–684.
- Neiman M, Hellstrom C, Just D, et al. Individual and stable autoantibody repertoires in healthy individuals. Autoimmunity. 2019;52(1):1–11.
- Tan EM, Feltkamp TEW, Smolen JS, et al. Range of antinuclear antibodies in “healthy” individuals. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(9):1601–1611.
- Damoiseaux J, Andrade LEC, Carballo OG, et al. Clinical relevance of HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescent patterns: the International Consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP) perspective. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(7):879–889.
- Parzych KR, Klionsky DJ. An overview of autophagy: morphology, mechanism, and regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;20(3):460–473.
- Kroemer G. Autophagy: a druggable process that is deregulated in aging and human disease. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(1):1–4.
- Gianchecchi E, Delfino DV, Fierabracci A. Recent insights on the putative role of autophagy in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(3):231–241.
- Allavena G, Del Bello B, Tini P, et al. Trehalose inhibits cell proliferation and amplifies long-term temozolomide- and radiation-induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells: a role for autophagy and premature senescence. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(7):11708–11721.
- Ramos-Casals M, Stone JH, Cid MC, et al. The cryoglobulinaemias. Lancet. 2012;379(9813):348–360.
- Bai H, Inoue J, Kawano T, et al. A transcriptional variant of the LC3A gene is involved in autophagy and frequently inactivated in human cancers. Oncogene. 2012;31(40):4397–4408.
- Koukourakis MI, Kalamida D, Giatromanolaki A, et al. Autophagosome proteins LC3A, LC3B and LC3C have distinct subcellular distribution kinetics and expression in cancer cell lines. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0137675.
- Yin H, Wu H, Chen Y, et al. The therapeutic and pathogenic role of autophagy in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1512
- Pierdominici M, Vomero M, Barbati C, et al. Role of autophagy in immunity and autoimmunity, with a special focus on systemic lupus erythematous. FASEB J. 2012;26(4):1400–1412.
- Wang F, Li B, Schall N, et al. Assessing autophagy in mouse models and patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Cells. 2017;6(3):pii:E16.
- Wang F, Muller S. Manipulating autophagic processes in autoimmune diseases: a special focus on modulating chaperone-mediated autophagy, an emerging therapeutic target. Front Immunol. 2015;6:252.
- Wu DJ, Adamopoulos IE. Autophagy and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol. 2017;176:55–62.
- Nedjic J, Aichinger M, Emmerich J, et al. Autophagy in thymic epithelium shapes the T-cell repertoire and is essential for tolerance. Nature. 2008;455(7211):396–400.
- Gros F, Arnold J, Page N, et al. Macroautophagy is deregulated in murine and human lupus T lymphocytes. Autophagy. 2012;8(7):1113–1123.
- Clarke AJ, Ellinghaus U, Cortini A, et al. Autophagy is activated in systemic lupus erythematosus and required for plasmablast development. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(5):912–920.
- Nashi E, Wang Y, Diamond B. The role of B cells in lupus pathogenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010;42(4):543–550.
- Wang J, Zhao Q. Expression of CCR3, SOX5 and LC3 in patients with elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis and the clinical significance. Exp Ther Med. 2017;14(4):3573–3576.
- Wallace DJ, Gudsoorkar VS, Weisman MH, et al. New insights into mechanisms of therapeutic effects of antimalarial agents in SLE. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8(9):522–533.
- Bonam SR, Wang F, Muller S. Autophagy: a new concept in autoimmunity regulation and a novel therapeutic option. J Autoimmun. 2018;94:16–32.
- Kain R, Tadema H, McKinney EF, et al. High prevalence of autoantibodies to hLAMP-2 in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. JASN. 2012;23(3):556–566.
- Bizzaro N. The predictive significance of autoantibodies in organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol. 2008;34(3):326–331.
- Ma W-T, Chang C, Gershwin ME, et al. Development of autoantibodies precedes clinical manifestations of autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun. 2017;83:95–112.