682
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Economic Activity Derived from Whale-Based Tourism in Vava'u, Tonga

Pages 481-500 | Published online: 06 Nov 2013

References

  • Anderson , R. C. , Adam , M. S. , Kitchen-Wheeler , A. M. and Stevens , G. 2011 . Extent and economic value of manta ray watching in Maldives . Tourism in Marine Environments , 7 ( 1 ) : 15 – 27 .
  • Balmford , A. , Bruner , A. , Cooper , P. , Costanza , R. , Farber , S. , Green , R. E. and Jenkins , M. 2002 . Economic reasons for conserving wild nature . Science , 297 ( 5583 ) : 950 – 953 .
  • Barnes , J. , Burgess , J. and Pearce , D. 1992 . “ Wildlife tourism ” . In Economics for the wilds , Edited by: Swanson , T. M. and Barbier , E. B. 136 – 151 . London : Earthscan .
  • Carlsen , J. and Butler , R. 2011 . Island tourism: Sustainable perspectives. , Wallingford, Oxfordshire , , UK : CABI Publishing .
  • Catlin , J. , Jones , R. , Jones , T. , Norman , B. and Wood , D. 2010 . Discovering wildlife tourism: A whale shark tourism case study . Current Issues in Tourism , 13 ( 4 ) : 351 – 361 .
  • Catlin , J. , Hughes , M. , Jones , T. , Jones , R. and Campbell , R. 2013 . Valuing individual animals through tourism: Science or speculation? . Biological Conservation , 157 : 93 – 98 .
  • Chee , Y. E. 2004 . An ecological perspective on the valuation of ecosystem services . Biological Conservation , 120 ( 4 ) : 549 – 565 .
  • Chen , C. L. 2010 . Diversifying fisheries into tourism in Taiwan: Experiences and prospects . Ocean & Coastal Management , 53 ( 8 ) : 487 – 492 .
  • Chok , S. , Macbeth , J. and Warren , C. 2007 . Tourism as a tool for poverty alleviation: A critical analysis of “pro-poor tourism” and implications for sustainability . Current Issues in Tourism , 10 ( 2–3 ) : 144 – 165 .
  • Dwyer , L. , Forsyth , P. and Spurr , R. 2004 . Evaluating tourism's economic effects: New and old approaches . Tourism Management , 25 ( 3 ) : 307 – 317 .
  • El Serafy , S. 1998 . Pricing the invaluable: The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital . Ecological Economics , 25 ( 1 ) : 25 – 27 .
  • Fabinyi , M. 2010 . The intensification of fishing and the rise of tourism: Competing coastal livelihoods in the Calamianes Islands, Philippines . Human Ecology , 38 ( 3 ) : 415 – 427 .
  • Gallagher , A. J. and Hammerschlag , N. 2011 . Global shark currency: The distribution, frequency, and economic value of shark ecotourism . Current Issues in Tourism , 14 ( 8 ) : 797 – 812 .
  • Gómez-Baggethun , E. and Ruiz-Pérez , M. 2011 . Economic valuation and the commodification of ecosystem services . Progress in Physical Geography , 35 ( 5 ) : 613 – 628 .
  • Harrison , D. 2008 . Pro-poor tourism: A critique . Third World Quarterly , 29 ( 5 ) : 851 – 868 .
  • Hall , C. A. , Jones , P. W. , Donovan , T. M. and Gibbs , J. P. 2000 . The implications of mainstream economics for wildlife conservation . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 28 ( 1 ) : 16 – 25 .
  • Higginbottom , K. 2004 . Wildlife tourism. Impacts, management and planning. , Altona, Victoria , , Australia : Common Ground Publishing .
  • IFAW . 2008 . Whale-watching tourism in the Kingdom of Tonga. , Surrey Hills, NSW , , Australia : International Fund for Animal Welfare .
  • Kessler , M. and Harcourt , R. 2010 . Aligning tourist, industry and government expectations: A case study from the swim with whales industry in Tonga . Marine Policy , 34 ( 6 ) : 1350 – 1356 .
  • Kessler , M. and Harcourt , R. 2012 . Management implications for the changing interactions between people and whales in Ha’apai, Tonga . Marine Policy , 36 : 440 – 445 .
  • Kessler , M. , Harcourt , R. and Heller , G. 2013 . Swimming with whales in Tonga: Sustainable use or threatening process? . Marine Policy , 39 : 314 – 316 .
  • Lejarraga , I. and Walkenhorst , P. 2010 . On linkages and leakages: Measuring the secondary effects of tourism . Applied Economics Letters , 17 ( 5 ) : 417 – 421 .
  • Mustika , P. L. K. , Birtles , A. , Welters , R. and Marsh , H. 2012 . The economic influence of community-based dolphin watching on a local economy in a developing country: Implications for conservation . Ecological Economics , 79 : 11 – 20 .
  • Newton , K. , Cote , I. M. , Pilling , G. M. , Jennings , S. and Dulvy , N. K. 2007 . Current and future sustainability of island coral reef fisheries . Current Biology , 17 ( 7 ) : 655–658
  • Nunes , P. A. L. D. and van den Bergh , J. C. J. M. 2001 . Economic valuation of biodiversity: Sense or nonsense? . Ecological Economics , 39 ( 2 ) : 203 – 222 .
  • O’Connor , S. , Campbell , R. , Cortez , H. and Knowles , T. 2009 . Whale-watching worldwide: Tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding economic benefits. , Yarmouth , MA : International Fund for Animal Welfare .
  • Orams , M. B. 1996 . A conceptual model of tourist‐wildlife interaction: The case for education as a management strategy . The Australian Geographer , 27 ( 1 ) : 39 – 51 .
  • Orams , M. B. 1999 . The economic benefits of whale-watching in Vava'u, the Kingdom of Tonga. , Auckland , , New Zealand : Centre for Tourism Research, Massey University at Albany .
  • Orams , M. B. 2001 . Form whale hunting to whale-watching in Tonga: A sustainable future? . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 9 ( 2 ) : 128 – 146 .
  • Orams , M. B. 2002 . Humpback whales in Tonga: An economic resource for tourism . Coastal Management , 30 : 361 – 380 .
  • Palmer , C. and Lester , J. A. 2005 . “ Photographic tourism ” . In Niche tourism , Edited by: Novelli , M. 15 – 26 . Oxford , , UK : Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann .
  • Peake , S. 2009 . “ An industry in decline? The evolution of whale-watching tourism in Hervey Bay, Australia ” . In Proceedings of CMT2009, the 6th International Congress on Coastal and Marine Tourism , Edited by: Albers , A. and Myles , P. B. 23 – 26 . Nelson Mandela Bay , , South Africa : (CD–ROM) . June 2009 in
  • Pernetta , J. C. 1992 . Impacts of climate change and sea-level rise on small island states: National and international responses . Global Environmental Change , 2 ( 1 ) : 19 – 31 .
  • Spash , C. L. 1997 . Ethics and environmental attitudes with implications for economic valuation . Journal of Environmental Management , 50 ( 4 ) : 403 – 416 .
  • Tisdell , C. 2012 . Economic benefits, conservation and wildlife tourism (No. 126229). , St Lucia, Queensland , , Australia : University of Queensland, School of Economics .
  • Tisdell , C. and Wilson , C. 2001 . Wildlife-based tourism and increased support for nature conservation financially and otherwise: Evidence from sea turtle ecotourism at Mon Repos . Tourism Economics , 7 ( 3 ) : 233 – 249 .
  • Tonga Department of Statistics . 2011 . Census 2011. Preliminary count . http://www.spc.int/prism/tonga/index.php/tonga-documents/cat_view/124-population-census/118–2011 (accessed August 10, 2012)
  • Tongan Visitors Bureau . 2010 . Overview of tourism in Tonga. http://www.tongaholiday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Sandra.pdf (accessed September 3, 2010)
  • Turner , R. A. , Cakacaka , A. , Graham , N. A. , Polunin , N. V. , Pratchett , M. S. , Stead , S. M. and Wilson , S. K. 2007 . Declining reliance on marine resources in remote South Pacific societies: Ecological versus socio-economic drivers . Coral Reefs , 26 ( 4 ) : 997 – 1008 .
  • Vianna , G. M. S. , Meekan , M. G. , Pannell , D. J. , Marsh , S. P. and Meeuwig , J. J. 2011 . Socio-economic value and community benefits from shark-diving tourism in Palau: A sustainable use of reef shark populations . Biological Conservation , 145 ( 1 ) : 267 – 277 .
  • Whitehead , J. C. 1993 . Total economic values for coastal and marine wildlife: Specification, validity, and valuation issues . Marine Resource Economics , 8 ( 2 ) : 119 – 132 .
  • Wilson , C. and Tisdell , C. 2003 . Conservation and economic benefits of wildlife-based marine tourism: Sea turtles and whales as case studies . Human Dimensions of Wildlife , 8 ( 1 ) : 49 – 58 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.