The beneficial effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mouse model

References

• Croxford AL, Kurschus FC, Waisman A. Mouse models for multiple sclerosis: historical facts and future implications. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011;1812:177–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma X, Jiang Y, Wu A, et al. Berberine attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57 BL/6 mice. PLoS One. 2010;5:e13489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng J, Tao T, Yan W, et al. Curcumin inhibits mitochondrial injury and apoptosis from the early stage in EAE mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:1.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Zou Y, Chen S, et al. The anti-inflammatory effect of donepezil on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57 BL/6 mice. Neuropharmacology. 2013;73:415–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matute C, Pérez-Cerdá F. Multiple sclerosis: novel perspectives on newly forming lesions. Trends Neurosci. 2005;28:173–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DH, Gold R, Linker RA. Mechanisms of oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic modulation via fumaric acid esters. IJMS. 2012;13:11783–11803.
   Google Scholar
• Zeng Y, Song C, Ding X, et al. Baicalin reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2007;40:1003–1010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prud’homme GJ. Gene therapy of autoimmune diseases with vectors encoding regulatory cytokines or inflammatory cytokine inhibitors. J Gene Med. 2000;2:222–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komiyama Y, Nakae S, Matsuki T, et al. IL-17 plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol. 2006;177:566–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilgun-Sherki Y, Melamed E, Offen D. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: the need for effective antioxidant therapy. J Neurol. 2004;251:261–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciftci O, Ozcan C, Kamisli O, et al. Hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid, has the ameliorative effects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a C57BL/J6 mouse model. Neurochem Res. 2015;40:1111–1120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsui S, Matsumoto H, Sonoda Y, et al. Glycyrrhizin and related compounds down-regulate production of inflammatory chemokines IL-8 and eotaxin 1 in a human lung fibroblast cell line. Int Immunopharmacol. 2004;4:1633–1644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal MK, Iqbal M, Athar M. Inhibitory effect of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid on 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion in mice. Redox Rep. 2005;10:151–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YJ, Lee CS. Glycyrrhizin attenuates MPTP neurotoxicity in mouse and MPP-induced cell death in PC12 cells. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008;12:65–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasan SK, Siddiqi A, Nafees S, et al. Chemopreventive effect of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid via modulation of inflammatory markers and induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Mol Cell Biochem. 2016;416:169–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li XL, Zhou AG. Evaluation of the immunity activity of glycyrrhizin in AR mice. Molecules. 2012;17:716–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou J, Cai W, Jin M, et al. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibition of microglia activation and promotion of remyelination. Sci Rep. 2015;5:13713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oztanir MN, Ciftci O, Cetin A, et al. The beneficial effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid following oxidative and neuronal damage in brain tissue caused by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in a C57BL/J6 mouse model. Neurol Sci. 2014;35:1221–1228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca-Kelly Z, Nassrallah M, Uribe J, et al. Resveratrol neuroprotection in a chronic mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Front Neur. 2012;3:3–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shindler KS, Ventura E, Dutt M, et al. Oral resveratrol reduces neuronal damage in a model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroophthalmol. 2010;30:328–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oztanir MN, Ciftci O, Cetin A, et al. Hesperidin attenuates oxidative and neuronal damage caused by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in a C57BL/J6 mouse model. Neurol Sci. 2014;35:1393–1399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciftci O, Ozdemir I, Vardi N, et al. Ameliorating effects of quercetin and chrysin on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2012; 28:947–954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oguzturk H, Ciftci O, Aydin M, et al. Ameliorative effects of curcumin against acute cadmium toxicity on male reproductive system in rats. Andrologia. 2012;44:243–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2002;359:1221–1231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez DL, Murray ED, Price BH. Depression and psychosis in neurological practice. In: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, editors. Bradley’s Neurology in Clinical Practice. Elsevier 2016;92–114.
   Google Scholar
• Allen I, Brankin B. Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis-the immune diathesis and the role of viruses. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1993;52:95–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Penta A, Moreno B, Reix S, et al. Oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines contribute to demyelination and axonal damage in a cerebellar culture model of neuroinflammation. PLoS One. 2013;8:e54722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghareghani M, Zibara K, Sadeghi H, et al. Spasticity treatment ameliorates the efficacy of melatonin therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2018;38(5):1145–1151. DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0580-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long T, Yang Y, Peng L, et al. Neuroprotective effects of melatonin on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mice via anti-oxidative stress activity. J Mol Neurosci. 2018;64:233–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang IK, Lim SS, Choi KH, et al. Neuroprotective effects of roasted licorice, not raw form, on neuronal injury in gerbil hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006;27:959–965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosayebi G, Ghazavi A, Salehi H, et al. Effect of sesame oil on the inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. Pak J Biol Sci. 2007;10:1790–1796.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ozugurlu F, Sahin S, Idiz N, et al. The effect of Nigella sativa oil against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis via nitric oxide and other oxidative stress parameters. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-Le-Grand). 2005;51:337–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang KC, Tsai CP, Lee CL, et al. α-Lipoic acid enhances endogenous peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Clin Sci. 2013;125:329–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu F, Shi M, Zheng C, et al. The roles of macrophages and microglia in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol. 2018;318:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjelobaba I, Begovic-Kupresanin V, Pekovic S, et al. Animal models of multiple sclerosis: focus on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuro Res. 2018;96:1021–1042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idriss HT, Naismith JH. TNF alpha and the TNF receptor superfamily: structure-function relationship(s). Microsc Res Tech. 2000;50:184–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar