Combination of Sarsasapogenin and Fluticasone attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model

References

• Asthma GIf. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2016. Available from: www.ginasthma.org.
   Google Scholar
• Manuyakorn W, Howarth PH, Holgate ST. Airway remodelling in asthma and novel therapy. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2013;31(1):3–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez FD. Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal. Eur J Biochem. 2007;29:179–184.
   Google Scholar
• Lemanske RF, Busse WW. Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(2):S95–S102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busse WW, Calhoun WF, Sedgwick JD. Mechanisms of airway inflammation in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;147(6_pt_2):S20–S24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, et al. The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(3):638–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster PS, Maltby S, Rosenberg HF, et al. Modeling TH2 responses and airway inflammation to understand fundamental mechanisms regulating the pathogenesis of asthma. Immunol Rev. 2017;278(1):20–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matucci A, Vultaggio A, Maggi E, et al. Is IgE or eosinophils the key player in allergic asthma pathogenesis? Are we asking the right question. Respir Res. 2018;19(1):10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mckenzie GJ, Emson CL, Bell SE, et al. Impaired development of Th2 cells in IL-13-deficient mice. Immunity. 1998;9(3):423–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang T, Yan L, Zhe L, et al. Characteristics of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in airways of asthmatics: relationships with disease severity and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Chin Med J (Engl). 2017;130(17):2033–2040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park CS, Kim TB, Lee KY, et al. Increased oxidative stress in the airway and development of allergic inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009;103(3):238–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power FB, Salway AH. Chemical examination of sarsaparilla root. J Chem Soc Trans. 1914;105:201–219.
   Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Xia Z, Sun Q, et al. A new approach to the pharmacological regulation of memory: Sarsasapogenin improves memory by elevating the low muscarinic acetylcholine receptor density in brains of memory-deficit rat models. Brain Res. 2005;1060(1–2):26–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peana AT, Moretti MD, Manconi V, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts and steroidal sapogenins of Agave americana. Planta Med. 1997;63(03):199–202.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thurman FM. The treatment of psoriasis with Sarsaparilla compound. Pharmacol Res Commun. 1988;20:59–62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ageel AM, Mossa JS, Al-Yahya MA, et al. Experimental studies on antirheumatic crude drugs used in Saudi traditional medicine. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1989;15(8):369–372.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shao B, Guo H, Cui Y, et al. Steroidal saponins from Smilax china and their anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochem. 2007;68(5):623–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YW, Hao YC, Chen YJ, et al. Protective effects of Sarsasapogenin against an early stage of diabetic nephropathy in rats: Sarsasapogenin prevents the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Phytother Res. 2018;32:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma D, Zhang J, Sugahara K, et al. Effect of Sarsasapogenin and its derivatives on the stimulus coupled responses of human neutrophils. Clin Chim Acta. 2001;314(1–2):107–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillipps GH. Structure-activity relationships of topically active steroids: the selection of fluticasone propionate. Respir Med. 1990;84:19–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe MM, Lichtenstein DR, Singh G. Lichtenstein gastrointestinal toxicity of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(24):1888–1899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ, Ito K, Adcock IM. Corticosteroid resistance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: inactivation of histone deacetylase. Lancet. 2004;363(9410):731–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baraket M, Oliver BGG, Burgess JK, et al. Is low dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy as effective for inflammation and remodelling in asthma? A randomized, parallel-group study. Respir Res. 2012;13(1):11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OECD Guidelines. OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. Test No. 425. Acute toxic class method. 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Wang J, Fu Y, Wei Z, et al. Anti-asthmatic activity of osthole in an ovalbumin-induced asthma murine model. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2017;239:64–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson AB, Teschler H, Wang YM, et al. Preparation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with microscope slide smears. Eur Respir J. 1996;9(3):603–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce ML, Yamashita J, Beazell J. Measurement of pulmonary oedema. Circ Res. 1965;16(5):482–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daba MH, Abdel-Aziz AA, Moustafa AM, et al. Effects of L-carnitine and ginkgo biloba extract (EG b 761) in experimental bleomycin induced lung fibrosis. Pharmacol Res. 2002;45(6):461–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979;95(2):351–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959;82(1):70–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 1974;47(3):469–474.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barone FC, Hillegass LM, Price WJ, et al. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into cerebral focal ischemic tissue: myeloperoxidase activity assay and histologic verification. J Neurosci Res. 1991;29(3):336–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, et al. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15 N] nitrate in biological fluids. Anal Biochem. 1982;126(1):131–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay A, Leung BP, McInnes IB, et al. A novel anti-inflammatory role of simvastatin in a murine model of allergic asthma. J Immunol. 2004;172(5):2903–2908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reber LL, Daubeuf F, Nemska S, et al. The AGC kinase inhibitor H89 attenuates airway inflammation in mouse models of asthma. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firinci F, Karaman M, Cilaker-Mıcılı S, et al. The effect of atorvastatin on lung histopathology in a murine model of chronic asthma. Allergol Immunopathol. 2014;42:355–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Y, Ge A, Zhu W, et al. Morinm attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation by modulating oxidative stress responsive MAPK signaling. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016; 2016:1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camateros P, Tamaoka M, Hassan M, et al. Chronic asthma-induced airway remodeling is prevented by toll-like receptor-7/8 ligand S28463. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175(12):1241–1249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar RK, Herbert C, Foster PS. The ‘classical’ ovalbumin challenge model of asthma in mice. Curr Drug Targets. 2008;9(6):485–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurai J, Watanabe M, Sano H, et al. A muscarinic antagonist reduces airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction induced by ambient particulate matter in a mouse model of asthma. IJERPH . 2018;15(6):1189.
   Google Scholar
• Tillie-Leblond I, Gosset P, Le Berre R, et al. Keratinocyte growth factor improves alterations of lung permeability and bronchial epithelium in allergic rats. Eur Respir J. 2007;30(1):31–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamid Q, Tulic MK, Liu MC, et al. Inflammatory cells in asthma: mechanisms and implications for therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111(1):S5–S12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wei DZ, Guo XY, Lin LN, et al. Effects of Angelicin on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Inflammation. 2016;39(6):1876–1882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drazen JM, Arm JP, Austen KF. Sorting out the cytokines of asthma. J Exp Med. 1996;183(1):1–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riffo-Vasquez Y, Spina D. Role of cytokines and chemokines in bronchial hyperresponsiveness and air way inflammation. Pharmacol Ther. 2002;94(3):185–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tumеs DJ, Cormie J, Calvert MG, et al. Strain-dеpеndеnt rеsistancе to allеrgеn-inducеd lung pathophysiology in micе corrеlatеs with ratе of apoptosis of lung-dеrivеd еosinophils. J Leukoc Biol. 2007;81:1362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada S, Kita H, George TJ, et al. Migration of еosinophils through basеmеnt mеmbranе componеnts in vitro: rolе of matrix mеtalloprotеinasе-9. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997;17(4):519–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousquet J, Chanez P, Lacoste JY, et al. Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(15):1033–1039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ. Th2 cytokines and asthma: an introduction. Respir Res. 2001;2(2):64–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holgate ST. The airway epithelium is central to the pathogenesis of asthma. Allergol Int. 2008;57(1):1–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ingawale DK, Mandlik SK, Patel SS. Anti-inflammatory potential of hecogenin on atopic dermatitis and airway hyper-responsiveness by regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2019;41(2):327–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platts-Mills TA. The role of immunoglobulin E in allergy and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164(supplement_1):S1–S5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee DS, Park WS, Heo SJ, et al. Polyopes affinis alleviates airway inflammation in a murine model of allergic asthma. J Biosci. 2011;36(5):869–877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kongerud J, Crissman K, Hatch G, et al. Ascorbic acid is decreased in induced sputum of mild asthmatics. Inhal Toxicol. 2003;15(2):101–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ. Reactive oxygen species and airway inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med. 1990;9(3):235–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louhelainen N, Myllärniemi M, Rahman I, et al. Airway biomarkers of the oxidant burden in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current and future perspectives. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2008;3(4):585–603.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fatani SH. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in acute and chronic bronchial asthma. J Asthma. 2014;51(6):578–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayala A, Muñoz MF, Argüelles S. Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:1–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghezzi P. Role of glutathione in immunity and inflammation in the lung. Int J Gen Med. 2011;4:105–113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larkin EK, Gao YT, Gebretsadik T, et al. New risk factors for adult-onset incident asthma. A nested case–control study of host antioxidant defense. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(1):45–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prado CM, Martins MA, Tibério IF. Nitric oxide in asthma physiopathology. ISRN Allergy. 2011;19:832560.
   Google Scholar