Rituximab induces a flare-up of activated neutrophil extracellular traps under in vitro conditions

References

• Mantovani A, Cassatella MA, Costantini C, et al. Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(8):519–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science. 2004;303(5663):1532–1535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branzk N, Lubojemska A, Hardison SE, et al. Neutrophils sense microbe size and selectively release neutrophil extracellular traps in response to large pathogens. Nat Immunol. 2014;15(11):1017–1025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilsczek FH, Salina D, Poon KKH, et al. A novel mechanism of rapid nuclear neutrophil extracellular trap formation in response to Staphylococcus aureus. J Immunol. 2010;185(12):7413–7425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yipp BG, Petri B, Salina D, et al. Infection-induced NETosis is a dynamic process involving neutrophil multitasking in vivo. Nat Med. 2012;18(9):1386–1393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palić D, Ostojić J, Andreasen CB, et al. Fish cast NETs: neutrophil extracellular traps are released from fish neutrophils. Dev Comp Immunol. 2007;31(8):805–816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs TA, Abed U, Goosmann C, et al. Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps. J Cell Biol. 2007;176(2):231–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li P, Li M, Lindberg MR, et al. PAD4 is essential for antibacterial innate immunity mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps. J Exp Med. 2010;207(9):1853–1862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metzler KD, Fuchs TA, Nauseef WM, et al. Myeloperoxidase is required for neutrophil extracellular trap formation: implications for innate immunity. Blood. 2011;117(3):953–959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papayannopoulos V, Metzler KD, Hakkim A, et al. Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase regulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. J Cell Biol. 2010;191(3):677–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Lyu X, Werth VP. Recent progress in the mechanistic understanding of NET formation in neutrophils. FEBS J. 2021;febs:16036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg BE, Grinstein S. Unconventional roles of the NADPH oxidase: signaling, ion homeostasis, and cell death. Sci STKE. 2007;2007(379): pe11–pe11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosazza T, Warner J, Sollberger G. NET formation – mechanisms and how they relate to other cell death pathways. FEBS J. 2021;288(11):3334–3350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakkim A, Fürnrohr BG, Amann K, et al. Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(21):9813–9818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessenbrock K, Krumbholz M, Schönermarck U, et al. Netting neutrophils in autoimmune small-vessel vasculitis. Nat Med. 2009;15(6):623–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahlenberg JM, Carmona-Rivera C, Smith CK, et al. Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated protein activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is enhanced in lupus macrophages. J Immunol. 2013;190(3):1217–1226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lood C, Blanco LP, Purmalek MM, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps enriched in oxidized mitochondrial DNA are interferogenic and contribute to lupus-like disease. Nat Med. 2016;22(2):146–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangaletti S, Tripodo C, Chiodoni C, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate transfer of cytoplasmic neutrophil antigens to myeloid dendritic cells toward ANCA induction and associated autoimmunity. Blood. 2012;120(15):3007–3018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lande R, Ganguly D, Facchinetti V, et al. Neutrophils activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells by releasing self-DNA–peptide complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Transl Med. 2011;3(73):73ra19–73ra19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnatsch A, Ioannou M, Wang Q, et al. Inflammation. Neutrophil extracellular traps license macrophages for cytokine production in atherosclerosis. Science. 2015;349(6245):316–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demers M, Krause DS, Schatzberg D, et al. Cancers predispose neutrophils to release extracellular DNA traps that contribute to cancer-associated thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(32):13076–13081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Brühl M-L, Stark K, Steinhart A, et al. Monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in vivo. J Exp Med. 2012;209(4):819–835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs TA, Brill A, Duerschmied D, et al. Extracellular DNA traps promote thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(36):15880–15885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perisanidis C, Kornek G, Pöschl PW, et al. High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent marker of poor disease-specific survival in patients with oral cancer. Med Oncol. 2013;30(1):334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao W-K, Chen D, Li S-Q, et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Pan K, Wang W, et al. The prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils in gastric adenocarcinoma after resection. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park J, Wysocki RW, Amoozgar Z, et al. Cancer cells induce metastasis-supporting neutrophil extracellular DNA traps. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(361): 361ra138–ra361ra138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdol Razak N, Elaskalani O, Metharom P. Pancreatic cancer-induced neutrophil extracellular traps: a potential contributor to cancer-associated thrombosis. IJMS. 2017;18(3):487.
   Google Scholar
• Cedervall J, Zhang Y, Huang H, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps accumulate in peripheral blood vessels and compromise organ function in tumor-bearing animals. Cancer Res. 2015;75(13):2653–2662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger-Achituv S, Brinkmann V, Abed UA, et al. A proposed role for neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer immunoediting. Front Immunol. 2013;4:48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houghton AM, Rzymkiewicz DM, Ji H, et al. Neutrophil elastase-mediated degradation of IRS-1 accelerates lung tumor growth. Nat Med. 2010;16(2):219–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wada Y, Yoshida K, Tsutani Y, et al. Neutrophil elastase induces cell proliferation and migration by the release of TGF-alpha, PDGF and VEGF in esophageal cell lines. Oncol Rep. 2007;17(1):161–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaida MM, Steffen TG, Günther F, et al. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils promote dyshesion of tumor cells and elastase-mediated degradation of E-cadherin in pancreatic tumors. Eur J Immunol. 2012;42(12):3369–3380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acuff HB, Carter KJ, Fingleton B, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 from bone marrow-derived cells contributes to survival but not growth of tumor cells in the lung microenvironment. Cancer Res. 2006;66(1):259–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coussens LM, Tinkle CL, Hanahan D, et al. MMP-9 supplied by bone marrow-derived cells contributes to skin carcinogenesis. Cell. 2000;103(3):481–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demers M, Wong SL, Martinod K, et al. Priming of neutrophils toward NETosis promotes tumor growth. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5(5):e1134073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masucci MT, Minopoli M, Del Vecchio S, et al. The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in tumor progression and metastasis. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavillet M, Martinod K, Renella R, et al. Flow cytometric assay for direct quantification of neutrophil extracellular traps in blood samples. Am J Hematol. 2015;90(12):1155–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manda-Handzlik A, Ostafin M, Bystrzycka W, et al. Flow cytometric quantification of neutrophil extracellular traps: limitations of the methodological approach. Am J Hematol. 2016;91(3):E9–E10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zharkova O, Tay SH, Lee HY, et al. A flow cytometry-based assay for high-throughput detection and quantification of neutrophil extracellular traps in mixed cell populations. Cytometry A. 2019;95(3):268–278.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beiter K, Wartha F, Albiger B, et al. An endonuclease allows Streptococcus pneumoniae to escape from neutrophil extracellular traps. Curr Biol. 2006;16(4):401–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan JT, Simpson AJ, Aziz RK, et al. DNase expression allows the pathogen group a Streptococcus to escape killing in neutrophil extracellular traps. Curr Biol. 2006;16(4):396–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yost CC, Cody MJ, Harris ES, et al. Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation: a novel innate immune deficiency of human neonates. Blood. 2009;113(25):6419–6427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albrengues J, Shields MA, Ng D, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps produced during inflammation awaken dormant cancer cells in mice. Science. 2018;361:6409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraaij T, Kamerling SWA, de Rooij ENM, et al. The NET-effect of combining rituximab with belimumab in severe systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun. 2018;91:45–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dam LS, Osmani Z, Kamerling SWA, et al. A reverse translational study on the effect of rituximab, rituximab plus belimumab, or bortezomib on the humoral autoimmune response in SLE. Rheumatology. 2020;59(10):2734–2745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desbois AC, Biard L, Sène D, et al. Rituximab-associated vasculitis flare: incidence, predictors, and outcome. J Rheumatol. 2020;47(6):896–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki K, Nagasawa H, Kameda H, et al. Severe acute thrombotic exacerbation in two cases with anti-phospholipid syndrome after retreatment with rituximab in phase I/II clinical trial for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology. 2009;48(2):198–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feuring-Buske M, Kneba M, Unterhalt M, et al. IDEC-C2B8 (rituximab) anti-CD20 antibody treatment in relapsed advanced-stage follicular lymphomas: results of a phase-II study of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Ann Hematol. 2000;79(9):493–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dada R, Zekri J, Ramal B, et al. Acute jugular vein thrombosis during rituximab administration: review of the literature. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2016;22(1):165–169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim MJ, Kim HO, Kim HY, et al. Rituximab-induced vasculitis: a case report and review of the medical published work. J Dermatol. 2009;36(5):284–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandula P, Kouides PA. Rituximab-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis: a case report. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142(2):246–247.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dereure O, Navarro R, Rossi J-F, et al. Rituximab-induced vasculitis. Dermatology. 2001;203(1):83–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodogai M, Lee Chang C, Wejksza K, et al. Anti-CD20 antibody promotes cancer escape via enrichment of tumor-evoked regulatory B cells expressing low levels of CD20 and CD137L. Cancer Res. 2013;73(7):2127–2138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkler U, Jensen M, Manzke O, et al. Cytokine-release syndrome in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and high lymphocyte counts after treatment with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab, IDEC-C2B8). Blood. 1999;94(7):2217–2224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim LC, Koh LP, Tan P. Fatal cytokine release syndrome with chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in a 71-year-old patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol: Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1999;17:1962–1963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni HS, Kasi PM. Rituximab and cytokine release syndrome. Case Rep Oncol. 2012;5(1):134–141.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Byrd JC, Waselenko JK, Maneatis TJ, et al. Rituximab therapy in hematologic malignancy patients with circulating blood tumor cells: association with increased infusion-related side effects and rapid blood tumor clearance. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(3):791–795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu S-J, Chou W-C, Ko B-S, et al. Severe pulmonary complications after initial treatment with rituximab for the Asian-variant of intravascular lymphoma. Haematologica. 2007;92(1):141–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal A, Vieira CA, Book BK, et al. Rituximab, anti-CD20, induces in vivo cytokine release but does not impair ex vivo T-cell responses. Am J Transplant. 2004;4(8):1357–1360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta AK, Joshi MB, Philippova M, et al. Activated endothelial cells induce neutrophil extracellular traps and are susceptible to NETosis-mediated cell death. FEBS Lett. 2010;584(14):3193–3197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazeldine J, Harris P, Chapple IL, et al. Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap formation: a novel defect in the innate immune system of aged individuals. Aging Cell. 2014;13(4):690–698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remijsen Q, Berghe TV, Wirawan E, et al. Neutrophil extracellular trap cell death requires both autophagy and superoxide generation. Cell Res. 2011;21(2):290–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi MB, Lad A, Prasad ASB, et al. High glucose modulates IL-6 mediated immune homeostasis through impeding neutrophil extracellular trap formation. FEBS Lett. 2013;587(14):2241–2246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bienvenu J, Chvetzoff R, Salles G, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha release is a major biological event associated with rituximab treatment. Hematol J: Off J Eur Haematol Assoc. 2001;2:378–384.
   Google Scholar
• Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Gödel P, Subklewe M, et al. Cytokine release syndrome. J Immunother Cancer. 2018;6(1):56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djaldetti M, Leibovitch C, Cohen EG, Bessler H. Rituximab modifies peripheral blood mononuclear cells immune responses. Int J Immunol Immunother. 2019;6:37.
   Google Scholar
• Nakazawa D, Shida H, Tomaru U, et al. Enhanced formation and disordered regulation of NETs in myeloperoxidase-ANCA-associated microscopic polyangiitis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25(5):990–997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapponi MJ, Carestia A, Landoni VI, et al. Regulation of neutrophil extracellular trap formation by anti-inflammatory drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013;345(3):430–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan T, Zhang Y, Yuan K, et al. Acetylsalicylic acid promotes corneal epithelium migration by regulating neutrophil extracellular traps in alkali burn. Front Immunol. 2020;11:551057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchner T, Hermann E, Möller S, et al. Flavonoids and 5-aminosalicylic acid inhibit the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:710239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carestia A, Davis RP, Grosjean H, et al. Acetylsalicylic acid inhibits intravascular coagulation during Staphylococcus aureus-induced sepsis in mice. Blood. 2020;135(15):1281–1286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petretto A, Bruschi M, Pratesi F, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) induced by different stimuli: a comparative proteomic analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0218946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Repka W, Tokarz-Deptuła B, et al. "In sickness and in health" – how neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) works in infections, selected diseases and pregnancy. J Inflamm. 2019;16:15.
   Google Scholar
• Masuda S, Shimizu S, Matsuo J, et al. Measurement of NET formation in vitro and in vivo by flow cytometry. Cytometry A. 2017;91(8):822–829.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaplan MJ, Radic M. Neutrophil extracellular traps: double-edged swords of innate immunity. J Immunol1950. 2012;189:2689–2695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar