Statistical evaluation of a newly modified Robbins device using a bioluminescent pseudomonad to quantify adhesion to plastic

References

• Amin‐Hanjani , S , Meikle , A , Glover , L A , Prosser , J I and Killham , K . 1993 . Plasmid and chromosomally encoded bioluminescence marker systems for detecting Ps. fluorescens in soil . Mol Ecol , 2 : 47 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezanson , G , Burbridge , S , Haldane , D and Marrie , T . 1992 . In situ colonisation of polyvinyl chloride, brass and copper by Legionella pneumophila . Can J Microbiol , 38 : 328 – 330 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blenkinsopp , S A , Khoury , A E and Costerton , J W . 1992 . Electrical enhancement of biocide efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms . Appl Environ Microbiol , 58 : 3770 – 3773 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brading , M G , Boyle , J and Lappin‐Scott , H M . 1995 . Biofilm formation in laminar flow using Pseudomonas fluorescens EX101 . J Ind Microbiol , 15 : 297 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Colbourne , J S , Trew , R M and Dennis , P J . 1988 . Treatment of water for aquatic bacterial growth studies . J Appl Bact , 65 : 79 – 85 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costerton , J W , Nickel , J C and Ladd , T I . 1986 . “ Suitable methods for the comparative study of free‐living and surface‐associated bacterial populations ” . In Bacteria in Nature, Vol 2, Methods and Special Applications in Bacterial Ecology , Edited by: Poindexter , J S and Leadbetter , E R . 49 – 84 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• De Lorenzo , V and Timmis , K N . 1994 . Analysis and construction of stable phenotypes in Gram negative bacteria with Tn5‐ and Tn10‐derived minitransposons . Methods Enzymol , 235 : 386 – 405 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Lorenzo , V , Herrero , M , Jakubzik , U and Timmis , K N . 1990 . Mini‐Tn5 transposon derivatives for insertion mutagenesis, promoter probing, and chromosomal insertion of cloned DNA in Gram negative eubacteria . J Bacteriol , 172 : 6568 – 6572 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingue , G , Ellis , B , Dasgupta , M and Costerton , J W . 1994 . Testing antimicrobial susceptibilities of adherent bacteria by a method that incorporates guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards . J Clin Microbiol , 32 : 2564 – 2568 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doolittle , M M , Cooney , J J and Cald well , D E . 1995 . Lytic infection of Escherichia coli biofilms by bacteriophage T4 . Can J Microbiol , 41 : 12 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , S , Glover , L A , Killham , K and Prosser , J I . 1994 . Luminescence based detection of activity of starved and viable but non culturable bacteria . Appl Environ Microbiol , 60 : 1308 – 1316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gjaltema , A and Griebe , T . 1995 . Laboratory biofilm reactors and on‐line monitoring: report of the discussion session . Water Sci Technol , 32 : 257 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jass , J , Costerton , J W and Lappin‐Scott , H M . 1995 . Assessment of a chemostat‐coupled modified Robbins device to study biofilms . J Ind Microbiol , 15 : 283 – 289 .
   Google Scholar
• Jass , J , Phillips , L E , Allan , E J , Costerton , J W and Lappin‐Scott , H M . 1994 . Growth and adhesion of Enterococcusfaecium L‐forms . FEMS Microbiol Lett , 115 : 157 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John , S F , Hillier , V F , Handley , P S and Derrick , M R . 1995 . Adhesion of staphylococci to polyurethane and hydrogel‐coated polyurethane catheters assayed by an improved radiolabelling technique . J Med Microbiol , 43 : 133 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , C R . 1997 . The effect of biocides in PVC on the adhesion and bioluminescence of Pseudomonas veronii , UK : University of Manchester . PhD Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Jones , C R , Handley , P S , Robson , G D , Eastwood , I M and Greenhalgh , M . 1996 . Biocides incorporated into plasticised Polyvinylchloride reduce adhesion of Pseudomonas fluorescens BL146 and substratum hydrophobicity . J Appl Bacteriol , 81 : 553 – 560 .
   Google Scholar
• Linton , C J , Sherriff , A and Millar , M R . 1999 . Use of a modified Robbins device to directly compare the adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A to surfaces . J Appl Microbiol , 86 : 194 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy , W F , Bryers , J D , Robbins , J and Costerton , J W . 1981 . Observations of fouling biofilm formation . Can J Microbiol , 27 : 910 – 917 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meighen , EA . 1991 . Molecular biology of bacterial bioluminescence . Microbiol Rev , 55 : 123 – 142 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miles , A A , Misra , S S and Irwin , J O . 1938 . The estimation of the bactericidal power of the blood . J Hygiene , 38 : 733 – 749 .
   Google Scholar
• Nickel , J C , Ruseka , I , Wright , J B and Costerton , J W . 1985 . Tobramycin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells growing as a biofilm on urinary catheter material . Antimicrob Agents Chemother , 27 : 619 – 624 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prosser , J I . 1994 . Molecular marker systems for detection of genetically engineered microorganisms in the environment . Microbiology (Reading) , 140 : 5 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanford , B A , Thomas , V L , Mattingly , S J , Ramsay , M A and Miller , M M . 1995 . Lectin‐biotin assay for slime present in in situ biofilm produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) . J Ind Microbiol , 15 : 156 – 161 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schultz , C L , Pezzutti , M R , Silor , D and White , R . 1995 . Bacterial adhesion measurements on soft contact lenses using a modified vortex device and a modified Robbins device . J Ind Microbiol , 15 : 243 – 247 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaw , J J and Kado , C I . 1986 . Development of a Vibrio bioluminescence gene‐set to monitor phytopathogenic bacteria during the ongoing disease process in a non disruptive manner . Biotechnology , 4 : 560 – 465 .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , G S A B and Williams , P . 1992 . lux genes and the application of bacterial bioluminescence . J Gen Microbiol , 138 : 1289 – 1300 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sutton , N A , Hughes , N and Handley , P S . 1994 . A comparison of conventional SEM techniques, low temperature SEM and the electroscan wet scanning electron microscope to study the structure of a biofilm of Streptococcus crista CR3 . J Appl Bacteriol , 76 : 448 – 454 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tunney , M M , Keane , P F and Gorman , S P . 1997 . Assessment of urinary tract biomaterial encrustation using a Modified Robbins Device continuous flow model . J Biomed Mater Res , 38 : 87 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisberg , W G , Barns , S M , Pelletier , D A and Lane , D J . 1991 . 16S rRNA amplification for phylogenetic study . J Bacteriol , 173 : 697 – 703 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , K H , Blitchingdon , R B and Greene , R C . 1990 . Amplification of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA with polymerase chain reaction . J Clin Microbiol , 28 : 1942 – 1946 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wimpenny , J W T , Kinniment , S L and Scourfield , M A . 1993 . “ The physiology and biochemistry of biofilm ” . In Microbial biofilms: Formation and Control , Edited by: Denyer , S , Gorman , S P and Sussman , M . 247 – 258 . Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Corresponding author; fax: + 44(0)161 275 5656; e‐mail: [email protected]
   Google Scholar