Evidence for the contribution of humic substances to conditioning films from natural waters

References

• Baier , R E , Goupil , D W , Perlmutter , S and King , R . 1974 . Dominant chemical composition of sea‐surface films, natural slicks, and foams . J Rech Atmospher , 8 : 571 – 600 .
   Google Scholar
• Beckett , R , Jue , Z and Giddings , J C . 1987 . Determination of molecular weight distributions of fulvic and humic and fulvic acids using flow‐field‐flow fractionation . Environ Sci Technol , 21 : 289 – 295 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borman , S . 1987 . Progress in molecular SMS . Anal Chem , 59 : 588A – 592A .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs , D . 1990 . “ Static SIMS ‐ surface analysis of organic materials ” . In Practical Surface Analysis, Vol 2 ‐ Jon and Neutral Spectroscopy , 2nd Edn , 367 – 424 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Chin , Y‐P , Aiken , G and Danielsen , K M . 1997 . Binding of pyrene to aquatic and commercial humic substances: the role of molecular weight and aromaticity . Environ Sci Technol , 31 : 1630 – 1635 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fetsch , D and Havel , J . 1998 . Capillary zone electrophoresis for the separation and characterization of humic acids . J Chro‐matogr , 802 : 189 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes , M H B . 1997 . “ Emerging concepts of the compositions and structures of humic substances ” . In Humic Substances in Soils, Peats and Waters: Health and Environmental Aspects , Edited by: Hayes , M H B and Wilson , W S . 3 – 30 . Cambridge : The Royal Society of Chemistry .
   Google Scholar
• Hayes , M H B and Wilson , W S , eds. 1997 . Humic Substances in Soils, Peats and Waters: Health and Environmental Aspects , 496 Cambridge : The Royal Society of Chemistry .
   Google Scholar
• Hayes , M H B , MacCarthy , P , Malcolm , R M and Swift , R S . 1989 . “ Structures of humic substances: the emergence of “forms” . In Humic Substances II: In Search of Structure , Edited by: Hayes , M H B , MacCarthy , P , Malcolm , R M and Swift , R S . 689 – 733 . Chichester : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Hedges , J I and Prahl , F G . 1993 . “ Early diagenesis: consequences for applications of molecular biomarkers ” . In Organic Geochemistry , Edited by: Engel , M H and Macko , S A . 237 – 254 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , K A . 1980 . Microelectrophoretic properties of natural surface‐active organic matter in coastal seawater . Limnol Oceanogr , 25 : 807 – 822 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchman , D L , Henry , D L and Dexter , S C . 1989 . Adsorption of proteins to surfaces in seawater . Mar Chem , 27 : 201 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kretschmar , R , Hesterberg , D and Sticher , H . 1997 . Effects of adsorbed humic acid on surface charge and flocculation of kaolinite . Soil Sci Soc Am J , 61 : 101 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristoffersen , A , Rølla , G , Sømju , T and Jantzen , E . 1982 . The organic film developed on metal surfaces exposed to seawater: chemical studies . J Colloid Interface Sci , 90 : 191 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao , W , Christman , R F , Johnson , J D , Millington , D S and Hass , J R . 1982 . Structural characterization of aquatic humic material . Environ Sci Technol , 16 : 403 – 410 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little , B . 1985 . Factors influencing the adsorption of dissolved organic material from natural waters . J Colloid Interface Sci , 108 : 331 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeb , G I and Neihof , R A . 1975 . Marine conditioning films . Adv Chem. Ser , 145 : 319 – 335 .
   Google Scholar
• MacCarthy , P . 1976 . A proposal to establish a reference collection of humic materials for interlaboratory comparisons . Geoderma , 16 : 179 – 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malcolm , R L . 1989 . “ Applications of solid‐state 13CNMR spectroscopy to geochemical studies of humic substances ” . In Humic Substances II: In Search of Structure , Edited by: Hayes , M H B , MacCarthy , P , Malcolm , R M and Swift , R S . 340 – 372 . Chichester : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Meyers‐Schulte , K J and Hedges , J I . 1986 . Molecular evidence for a terrestrial component of organic matter dissolved in ocean water . Nature (Lond) , 321 : 61 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Münster , U . 1993 . Concentrations and fluxes of organic carbon substrates in the aquatic environment . Antonie Leeuwenhoek , 63 : 243 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novotny , F J , Rice , J A and Weil , D A . 1995 . Characterization of fulvic acid by laser‐desorption mass spectrometry . Environ Sci Technol , 29 : 2464 – 2466 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochs , M . 1991 . Coordinative and hydrophobic interaction of humic substances with aquatic surfaces , Zurich : Swiss Federal Institute of Technology . PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Schulten , H R . 1987 . Pyrolysis and soft ionization mass spectrometry of aquatic/terrestrial humic substances and soils . J Anal Appl Pyrolysis , 12 : 149 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulten , H R and Schnitzer , M . 1993 . A state of the art structural concept for humic substances . Naturwissenschaften , 80 : 29 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverstein , R M , Bassler , G C and Morrill , T C . 1991 . Svectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds , 5th Edn. , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Spark , K M , Wells , J D and Johnson , B B . 1997 . Characteristics of the sorption of humic acid by soil minerals . Aust J Soil Res , 35 : 103 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson , F J . 1994 . Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions , 2nd Edn. , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Thurman , E M . 1985 . Organic Geochemistry of. Natural Waters , Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff /Dr W Junk Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Tipping , E . 1981 . The adsorption of aquatic humic substances by ironoxides . Geochim Cosmochim Acta , 45 : 191 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt , B E , Malcolm , R L , Hayes , M H B , Clark , N W E and Chipman , J K . 1996 . The chemistry and potential mutageni‐city of humic substances in waters from different watersheds in Britain and Ireland . Water Res , 6 : 1502 – 1516 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wershaw , R L and Aiken , G R . 1985 . “ Molecular size and weight measurements of humic substances ” . In Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment, and Water: Geochemistry, Isolation, and Characterization , Edited by: Aiken , G R , McKnight , D M , Wershaw , R L and MacCarthy , P . 477 – 492 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Widayati , S and Tan , K H . 1997 . Atomic force microscopy of humic acid . Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal , 28 : 189 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corresponding author. Present address: Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univer‐sidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508–900, São Paulo, Brasil; fax: +55 11 818 7354; e‐mail: [email protected]
   Google Scholar
• Present address: University of Duisburg, Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Geibelstr. 41, D‐47057 Duisburg, Germany
   Google Scholar