A GFP promoter fusion library for the study of Salmonella biofilm formation and the mode of action of biofilm inhibitors

References

• Andersen JB, Sternberg C, Poulsen LK, Bjorn SP, Givskov M, Molin S. 1998. New unstable variants of green fluorescent protein for studies of transient gene expression in bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 64:2240–2246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee I, Pangule RC, Kane RS. 2011. Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms. Adv Mater. 23:690–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barak JD, Whitehand LC, Charkowski AO. 2002. Differences in attachment of Salmonella enterica serovars and Escherichia coli O157:H7 to alfalfa sprouts. Appl Environ Microbiol. 68:4758–4763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barak JD, Jahn CE, Gibson DL, Charkowski AO. 2007. The role of cellulose and O-antigen capsule in the colonization of plants by Salmonella enterica. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 20:1083–1091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barak JD, Liang A, Narm KE. 2008. Differential attachment to and subsequent contamination of agricultural crops by Salmonella enterica. Appl Environ Microbiol. 74:5568–5570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrios AF, Zuo R, Ren D, Wood TK. 2006. Hha, YbaJ, and OmpA regulate Escherichia coli K12 biofilm formation and conjugation plasmids abolish motility. Biotechnol Bioeng. 93:188–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazaka K, Jacob MV, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. 2012. Efficient surface modification of biomaterial to prevent biofilm formation and the attachment of microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 95:299–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beloin C, Valle J, Latour-Lambert P, Faure P, Kzreminski M, Balestrino D, Haagensen JA, Molin S, Prensier G, Arbeille B, et al. 2004. Global impact of mature biofilm lifestyle on Escherichia coli K-12 gene expression. Mol Microbiol. 51:659–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boles BR, Horswill AR. 2008. Agr-mediated dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. PLoS Pathog. 4:e1000052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandl MT. 2006. Fitness of human enteric pathogens on plants and implications for food safety. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 44:367–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodsky IE, Ghori N, Falkow S, Monack D. 2005. Mig-14 is an inner membrane-associated protein that promotes Salmonella Typhimurium resistance to CRAMP, survival within activated macrophages and persistent infection. Mol Microbiol. 55:954–972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruellhoff K, Fiedler J, Moller M, Groll J, Brenner RE. 2010. Surface coating strategies to prevent biofilm formation on implant surfaces. Int J Artif Organs. 33:646–653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chmielewski C, Frank JF. 2003. Biofilm formation and control in food processing facilities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Safety. 2:22–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choi J, Shin D, Kim M, Park J, Lim S, Ryu S. 2012. LsrR-mediated quorum sensing controls invasiveness of Salmonella Typhimurium by regulating SPI-1 and flagella genes. PLoS One. 7:e37059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chubiz LM, Glekas GD, Rao CV. 2012. Transcriptional cross talk within the mar-sox-rob regulon in Escherichia coli is limited to the rob and marRAB operons. J Bacteriol. 194:4867–4875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coenye T, Nelis HJ. 2010. In vitro and in vivo model systems to study microbial biofilm formation. J Microbiol Methods. 83:89–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cormack BP, Valdivia RH, Falkow S. 1996. FACS-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Gene. 173:33–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costerton JW, Geesey GG, Cheng KJ. 1978. How bacteria stick. Sci Am. 238:86–95.
   Google Scholar
• Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. 1999. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science. 284:1318–1322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford RW, Reeve KE, Gunn JS. 2010. Flagellated but not hyperfimbriated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium attaches to and forms biofilms on cholesterol-coated surfaces. J Bacteriol. 192:2981–2990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies D. 2003. Understanding biofilm resistance to antibacterial agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2:114–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Keersmaecker SC, Varszegi C, van Boxel N, Habel LW, Metzger K, Daniels R, Marchal K, De Vos D, Vanderleyden J. 2005. Chemical synthesis of (S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione, a bacterial signal molecule precursor, and validation of its activity in Salmonella Typhimurium. J Biol Chem. 280:19563–19568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DePas WH, Hufnagel DA, Lee JS, Blanco LP, Bernstein HC, Fisher ST, James GA, Stewart PS, Chapman MR. 2013. Iron induces bimodal population development by Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110:2629–2634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donlan RM, Costerton JW. 2002. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev. 15:167–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dotsch A, Eckweiler D, Schniederjans M, Zimmermann A, Jensen V, Scharfe M, Geffers R, Haussler S. 2012. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcriptome in planktonic cultures and static biofilms using RNA sequencing. PLoS One. 7:e31092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein AK, Hochbaum AI, Kim P, Aizenberg J. 2011. Control of bacterial biofilm growth on surfaces by nanostructural mechanics and geometry. Nanotechnology. 22:494007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng Y, Cronan JE. 2009. Escherichia coli unsaturated fatty acid synthesis: complex transcription of the fabA gene and in vivo identification of the essential reaction catalyzed by FabB. J Biol Chem. 284:29526–29535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields PI, Swanson RV, Haidaris CG, Heffron F. 1986. Mutants of Salmonella Typhimurium that cannot survive within the macrophage are avirulent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 83:5189–5193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkesson A, Lofdahl S, Normark S. 2002. The Salmonella enterica subspecies I specific centisome 7 genomic island encodes novel protein families present in bacteria living in close contact with eukaryotic cells. Res Microbiol. 153:537–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia B, Latasa C, Solano C, Garcia-del Portillo F, Gamazo C, Lasa I. 2004. Role of the GGDEF protein family in Salmonella cellulose biosynthesis and biofilm formation. Mol Microbiol. 54:264–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Contreras R, Zhang XS, Kim Y, Wood TK. 2008. Protein translation and cell death: the role of rare tRNAs in biofilm formation and in activating dormant phage killer genes. PLoS One. 3:e2394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glinel K, Thebault P, Humblot V, Pradier CM, Jouenne T. 2012. Antibacterial surfaces developed from bio-inspired approaches. Acta Biomater. 8:1670–1684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golubeva YA, Sadik AY, Ellermeier JR, Slauch JM. 2012. Integrating global regulatory input into the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type III secretion system. Genetics. 190:79–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottenbos B, Grijpma DW, van der Mei HC, Feijen J, Busscher HJ. 2001. Antimicrobial effects of positively charged surfaces on adhering Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother. 48:7–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grantcharova N, Peters V, Monteiro C, Zakikhany K, Romling U. 2010. Bistable expression of CsgD in biofilm development of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 192:456–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall-Stoodley L, Stoodley P. 2009. Evolving concepts in biofilm infections. Cell Microbiol. 11:1034–1043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall-Stoodley L, Costerton JW, Stoodley P. 2004. Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2:95–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer ND, Schmidt JC, Chapman MR. 2007. The curli nucleator protein, CsgB, contains an amyloidogenic domain that directs CsgA polymerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:12494–12499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen AM, Qiu Y, Yeh N, Blattner FR, Durfee T, Jin DJ. 2005. SspA is required for acid resistance in stationary phase by downregulation of H-NS in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 56:719–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton JC, Jones K. 2008. Microbial contamination of fruit and vegetables and the behaviour of enteropathogens in the phyllosphere: a review. J Appl Microbiol. 104:613–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hengge-Aronis R. 2002. Signal transduction and regulatory mechanisms involved in control of the sigma(S) (RpoS) subunit of RNA polymerase. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 66:373–395, table of contents.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermans K, Nguyen TL, Roberfroid S, Schoofs G, Verhoeven T, De Coster D, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SC. 2011. Gene expression analysis of monospecies Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms using differential fluorescence induction. J Microbiol Methods. 84:467–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez LD, Hueffer K, Wenk MR, Galan JE. 2004. Salmonella modulates vesicular traffic by altering phosphoinositide metabolism. Science. 304:1805–1807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoiby N, Ciofu O, Johansen HK, Song ZJ, Moser C, Jensen PO, Molin S, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T, Bjarnsholt T. 2011. The clinical impact of bacterial biofilms. Int J Oral Sci. 3:55–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoiseth SK, Stocker BA. 1981. Aromatic-dependent Salmonella Typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines. Nature. 291:238–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphries AD, Raffatellu M, Winter S, Weening EH, Kingsley RA, Droleskey R, Zhang S, Figueiredo J, Khare S, Nunes J, et al. 2003. The use of flow cytometry to detect expression of subunits encoded by 11 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium fimbrial operons. Mol Microbiol. 48:1357–1376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husnain SI, Busby SJ, Thomas MS. 2009. Downregulation of the Escherichia coli guaB promoter by upstream-bound cyclic AMP receptor protein. J Bacteriol. 191:6094–6104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa-Ankerhold HC, Ankerhold R, Drummen GP. 2012. Advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques–FRAP, FLIP, FLAP, FRET and FLIM. Molecules. 17:4047–4132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssens JC, Steenackers H, Robijns S, Gellens E, Levin J, Zhao H, Hermans K, De Coster D, Verhoeven TL, Marchal K, et al. 2008. Brominated furanones inhibit biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 74:6639–6648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvik T, Smillie C, Groisman EA, Ochman H. 2010. Short-term signatures of evolutionary change in the Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium 14028 genome. J Bacteriol. 192:560–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings ME, Quick LN, Ubol N, Shrom S, Dollahon N, Wilson JW. 2012. Characterization of Salmonella type III secretion hyper-activity which results in biofilm-like cell aggregation. PLoS One. 7:e33080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonas K, Tomenius H, Kader A, Normark S, Romling U, Belova LM, Melefors O. 2007. Roles of curli, cellulose and BapA in Salmonella biofilm morphology studied by atomic force microscopy. BMC Microbiol. 7:70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph B, Otta SK, Karunasagar I. 2001. Biofilm formation by Salmonella spp. on food contact surfaces and their sensitivity to sanitizers. Int J Food Microbiol. 64:367–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunakaran E, Mukherjee J, Ramalingam B, Biggs CA. 2011. ‘Biofilmology’: a multidisciplinary review of the study of microbial biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 90:1869–1881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim W, Surette MG. 2006. Coordinated regulation of two independent cell-cell signaling systems and swarmer differentiation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 188:431–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kint G, De Coster D, Marchal K, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SC. 2010. The small regulatory RNA molecule MicA is involved in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium biofilm formation. BMC Microbiol. 10:276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroger C, Dillon SC, Cameron AD, Papenfort K, Sivasankaran SK, Hokamp K, Chao Y, Sittka A, Hebrard M, Handler K, et al. 2012. The transcriptional landscape and small RNAs of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109:E1277–1286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landini P, Antoniani D, Burgess JG, Nijland R. 2010. Molecular mechanisms of compounds affecting bacterial biofilm formation and dispersal. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 86:813–823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapidot A, Romling U, Yaron S. 2006. Biofilm formation and the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium on parsley. Int J Food Microbiol. 109:229–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazazzera BA. 2005. Lessons from DNA microarray analysis: the gene expression profile of biofilms. Curr Opin Microbiol. 8:222–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledeboer NA, Frye JG, McClelland M, Jones BD. 2006. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium requires the Lpf, Pef, and Tafi fimbriae for biofilm formation on HEp-2 tissue culture cells and chicken intestinal epithelium. Infect Immun. 74:3156–3169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JW, Helmann JD. 2007. Functional specialization within the Fur family of metalloregulators. Biometals. 20:485–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenz AP, Williamson KS, Pitts B, Stewart PS, Franklin MJ. 2008. Localized gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol. 74:4463–4471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leveau JH, Lindow SE. 2001. Predictive and interpretive simulation of green fluorescent protein expression in reporter bacteria. J Bacteriol. 183:6752–6762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Xia H, Bai F, Xu H, Yang L, Yao H, Zhang L, Zhang X, Bai Y, Saris PE, et al. 2007. Identification of a new gene PA5017 involved in flagella-mediated motility, chemotaxis and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 272:188–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez D, Vlamakis H, Kolter R. 2010. Biofilms. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2:a000398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu CD, Kilstrup M, Neuhard J, Abdelal A. 1989. Pyrimidine regulation of tandem promoters for carAB in Salmonella Typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 171:5436–5442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch AS, Abbanat D. 2010. New antibiotic agents and approaches to treat biofilm-associated infections. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 20:1373–1387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacFaddin JF. 1985. Media for isolation-cultivation-identication-maintenance of medical bacteria. vol 1. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Marchal K, De Keersmaecker S, Monsieurs P, van Boxel N, Lemmens K, Thijs G, Vanderleyden J, De Moor B. 2004. In silico identification and experimental validation of PmrAB targets in Salmonella Typhimurium by regulatory motif detection. Genome Biol. 5:R9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland M, Sanderson KE, Spieth J, Clifton SW, Latreille P, Courtney L, Porwollik S, Ali J, Dante M, Du F, et al. 2001. Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. Nature. 413:852–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merighi M, Septer AN, Carroll-Portillo A, Bhatiya A, Porwollik S, McClelland M, Gunn JS. 2009. Genome-wide analysis of the PreA/PreB (QseB/QseC) regulon of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. BMC Microbiol. 9:42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moir S, Fauci AS. 2010. Immunology. Salmonella susceptibility. Science. 328:439–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro DR, Gorup LF, Takamiya AS, Ruvollo-Filho AC, de Camargo ER, Barbosa DB. 2009. The growing importance of materials that prevent microbial adhesion: antimicrobial effect of medical devices containing silver. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 34:103–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro C, Papenfort K, Hentrich K, Ahmad I, Le Guyon S, Reimann R, Grantcharova N, Romling U. 2012. Hfq and Hfq-dependent small RNAs are major contributors to multicellular development in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. RNA Biol. 9:489–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan E, Campbell JD, Rowe SC, Bispham J, Stevens MP, Bowen AJ, Barrow PA, Maskell DJ, Wallis TS. 2004. Identification of host-specific colonization factors of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Mol Microbiol. 54:994–1010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musken M, Di Fiore S, Dotsch A, Fischer R, Haussler S. 2010. Genetic determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm establishment. Microbiology. 156:431–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor K, Fletcher SA, Csonka LN. 2009. Increased expression of Mg(2+) transport proteins enhances the survival of Salmonella enterica at high temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:17522–17527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogasawara H, Yamamoto K, Ishihama A. 2011. Role of the biofilm master regulator CsgD in cross-regulation between biofilm formation and flagellar synthesis. J Bacteriol. 193:2587–2597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang T, Bhutta ZA, Finlay BB, Altwegg M. 1995. Typhoid fever and other salmonellosis: a continuing challenge. Trends Microbiol. 3:253–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry CM, Threlfall EJ. 2008. Antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal and nontyphoidal salmonellae. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 21:531–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson SK, Borewicz K, Johnson T, Xu W, Isaacson RE. 2012. Characterization and differential gene expression between two phenotypic phase variants in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PLoS One. 7:24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez JC, Latifi T, Groisman EA. 2008. Overcoming H-NS-mediated transcriptional silencing of horizontally acquired genes by the PhoP and SlyA proteins in Salmonella enterica. J Biol Chem. 283:10773–10783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prouty AM, Gunn JS. 2003. Comparative analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium biofilm formation on gallstones and on glass. Infect Immun. 71:7154–7158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramesh N, Joseph SW, Carr LE, Douglass LW, Wheaton FW. 2002. Evaluation of chemical disinfectants for the elimination of Salmonella biofilms from poultry transport containers. Poult Sci. 81:904–910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieseberg M, Kasper C, Reardon KF, Scheper T. 2001. Flow cytometry in biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 56:350–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbe-Saule V, Carreira I, Kolb A, Norel F. 2008. Effect of growth temperature on Crl-dependent regulation of sigmaS activity in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 190:4453–4459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romling U. 2005. Characterization of the rdar morphotype, a multicellular behaviour in Enterobacteriaceae. Cell Mol Life Sci. 62:1234–1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romling U, Sierralta WD, Eriksson K, Normark S. 1998. Multicellular and aggregative behaviour of Salmonella Typhimurium strains is controlled by mutations in the agfD promoter. Mol Microbiol. 28:249–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saini S, Pearl JA, Rao CV. 2009. Role of FimW, FimY, and FimZ in regulating the expression of type i fimbriae in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 191:3003–3010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
   Google Scholar
• Seneviratne CJ, Wang Y, Jin L, Wong SS, Herath TD, Samaranayake LP. 2012. Unraveling the resistance of microbial biofilms: has proteomics been helpful? Proteomics. 12:651–665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra DO, Richter AM, Klauck G, Mika F, Hengge R. 2013. Microanatomy at cellular resolution and spatial order of physiological differentiation in a bacterial biofilm. MBio. 4:e00103–00113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen S, Fang FC. 2012. Integrated stress responses in Salmonella. Int J Food Microbiol. 152:75–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simm R, Lusch A, Kader A, Andersson M, Romling U. 2007. Role of EAL-containing proteins in multicellular behavior of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 189:3613–3623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoes M, Simoes LC, Vieira MJ. 2010. A review of current and emergent biofilm control strategies. Lwt-Food Sci Technol. 43:573–583.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenackers HP, Ermolat'ev DS, Savaliya B, Weerdt AD, Coster DD, Shah A, Van der Eycken EV, De Vos DE, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SC. 2011a. Structure-activity relationship of 2-hydroxy-2-aryl-2,3-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts and 2 N-substituted 4(5)-aryl-2-amino-1H-imidazoles as inhibitors of biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg Med Chem. 19:3462–3473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenackers HP, Ermolat'ev DS, Savaliya B, De Weerdt A, De Coster D, Shah A, Van der Eycken EV, De Vos DE, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SC. 2011b. Structure-activity relationship of 4(5)-aryl-2-amino-1H-imidazoles, N1-substituted 2-aminoimidazoles and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts as inhibitors of biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem. 54:472–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenackers H, Hermans K, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SCJ. 2012. Salmonella biofilms: an overview on occurrence, structure, regulation and eradication. Food Res Int. 45:502–531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart PS, Franklin MJ. 2008. Physiological heterogeneity in biofilms. Nat Rev Microbiol. 6:199–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stocki SL, Annett CB, Sibley CD, McLaws M, Checkley SL, Singh N, Surette MG, White AP. 2007. Persistence of Salmonella on egg conveyor belts is dependent on the belt type but not on the rdar morphotype. Poult Sci. 86:2375–2383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoodley P, Sauer K, Davies DG, Costerton JW. 2002. Biofilms as complex differentiated communities. Annu Rev Microbiol. 56:187–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanabe Y, Wada T, Ono K, Abo T, Kutsukake K. 2011. The transcript from the sigma(28)-dependent promoter is translationally inert in the expression of the sigma(28)-encoding gene fliA in the fliAZ operon of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 193:6132–6141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi Y, Choi PJ, Li GW, Chen H, Babu M, Hearn J, Emili A, Xie XS. 2010. Quantifying E. coli proteome and transcriptome with single-molecule sensitivity in single cells. Science. 329:533–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teplitski M, Al-Agely A, Ahmer BM. 2006. Contribution of the SirA regulon to biofilm formation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Microbiology. 152:3411–3424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teplitski M, Barak JD, Schneider KR. 2009. Human enteric pathogens in produce: un-answered ecological questions with direct implications for food safety. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 20:166–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thijs IM, De Keersmaecker SC, Fadda A, Engelen K, Zhao H, McClelland M, Marchal K, Vanderleyden J. 2007. Delineation of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium HilA regulon through genome-wide location and transcript analysis. J Bacteriol. 189:4587–4596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troxell B, Sikes ML, Fink RC, Vazquez-Torres A, Jones-Carson J, Hassan HM. 2011. Fur negatively regulates hns and is required for the expression of HilA and virulence in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 193:497–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdivia RH, Falkow S. 1996. Bacterial genetics by flow cytometry: rapid isolation of Salmonella typhimurium acid-inducible promoters by differential fluorescence induction. Mol Microbiol. 22:367–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vestby LK, Moretro T, Ballance S, Langsrud S, Nesse LL. 2009. Survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient Salmonella from the feed industry. BMC Vet Res. 5:43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White AP, Gibson DL, Kim W, Kay WW, Surette MG. 2006. Thin aggregative fimbriae and cellulose enhance long-term survival and persistence of Salmonella. J Bacteriol. 188:3219–3227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White AP, Weljie AM, Apel D, Zhang P, Shaykhutdinov R, Vogel HJ, Surette MG. 2010. A global metabolic shift is linked to Salmonella multicellular development. PLoS One. 5:e11814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe AJ, Visick KL. 2008. Get the message out: cyclic-Di-GMP regulates multiple levels of flagellum-based motility. J Bacteriol. 190:463–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong HS, Townsend KM, Fenwick SG, Maker G, Trengove RD, O'Handley RM. 2010. Comparative susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms of different ages to disinfectants. Biofouling. 26:859–864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood TK. 2009. Insights on Escherichia coli biofilm formation and inhibition from whole-transcriptome profiling. Environ Microbiol. 11:1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaslaver A, Bren A, Ronen M, Itzkovitz S, Kikoin I, Shavit S, Liebermeister W, Surette MG, Alon U. 2006. A comprehensive library of fluorescent transcriptional reporters for Escherichia coli. Nat Methods. 3:623–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar