References
- Bohlander G, Montemarano JA. 1997. Biofouling, fleet, maintenance and operational needs. Nav Res Rev. ( ONR) XLIX:9-17.
- Earley PJ, Swope BL, Barbeau K, Bundy R, McDonald JA, Rivera-Duarte I. 2014. Life cycle contributions of copper from vessel painting and maintenance activities. Biofouling, 30:51–68. doi:10.1080/08927014.2013.84189110.1080/08927014.2013.841891
- EPA 842-D-06-001. EPA characterization report, hull coating leachate – Draft, August 2003.
- EPA-800-R-11-004. Underwater ship husbandry discharges. November 2011.
- EPA-842-R-99-001. Phase I Final rule and technical development document of uniform national discharge standards (UNDS) underwater ship husbandry: Nature of Discharge April 1999.
- Finnie A 2006. Improved estimates of environmental copper release rates from antifouling products. Biofouling, 22:5-279-291. doi:10.1080/08927010600898862
- Haslbeck E, Valkirs A, Seligman P, Zirino A, Rivera I, Caso J, Chen E. 2000. Release rate determination and interpretation for copper antifouling coatings. In: Assessing the future of coating work. Proceedings of the PCE 2000 Conference and Exhibition; 2000 Mar 8-10; Genoa, Italy; p. 329-348.
- Hearin J, Hunsucker KZ, Swain G, Stephens A, Gardner H, Lieberman K, Harper M. 2015. Analysis of long-term mechanical grooming on large-scale test panels coated with an antifouling and a fouling-release coating. Biofouling. 31:625–638. doi:10.1080/08927014.2015.108168710.1080/08927014.2015.1081687
- Martin F, Ingle M. 2012. Shipboard coatings developments and emerging surface technologies [Internet]. [cited 2012 Sep]. Available from: http://www.asetsdefense.org/documents/Workshops/SustainableSurfaceEngineering2009/Agenda/Tuesday/Martin%20-%20For%20Posting.pdf
- MIL-PRF-24647D. 2005. Performance specification: paint system, anti-corrosive and anti-fouling, ship hull, Feb 16.
- ONR News and Media Center. 2009. Media release; autonomous underwater robot maintains naval commitment to environment [Internet]. [cited 2017 May 21]. Available from: https://www.onr.navy.mil/en/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2009/Autonomous-Underwater-Robot
- Preiser HS, Laster DR. 1981. On optimization of underwater hull cleaning for greater fuel economy. Nav Eng J. 93:45–52. doi:10.1111/nej.1981.93.issue-110.1111/nej.1981.93.issue-1
- Schultz MP, Bendick JA, Holm ER, Hertel WM. 2011. Economic impact of biofouling on a naval surface ship. Biofouling. 27:87–98. doi:10.1080/08927014.2010.542809
- Seligman PF, Neumeister JW. 1983. In situ leach measuring system. US Patent 4375451.
- Seligman PF, Valkirs AO, Caso JS, Rivera-Duarte I, Haslbeck E. 2001. Copper release rates from antifouling marine coatings and their relationship to loading and toxicity in San Diego Bay, California. In: Champ MA, editor. Symposium on Pollution Prevention from Ships and Shipyards. Oceanology International 2001 Conference; 2001 April 4-5; Miami, Florida; p. 64-81.
- Tribou M, Swain G. 2010. The use of proactive in-water grooming to improve the performance of ship hull antifouling coatings. Biofouling. 26:47–56. doi:10.1080/0892701090329097310.1080/08927010903290973
- Tribou M, Swain G. 2015. Grooming using rotating brushes as a proactive method to control ship hull fouling. Biofouling. 31:309–319. doi:10.1080/08927014.2015.104102110.1080/08927014.2015.1041021
- US Navy. 2006 Oct 1. Naval ships’ technical manual. Chapter 081: Waterborne underwater hull cleaning of navy ships (5th rev.). US.Naval Sea Systems Command. Washington (DC). Pub#S9086-CQ-STM-010/CH-081.
- Valkirs AO, Seligman PF, Haslbeck E, Caso JS. 2003. Of copper release rates from antifouling paint under laboratory and in situ conditions: implications for loading estimation to marine water bodies. Mar Pollut Bull. 46:763–779. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00044-410.1016/S0025-326X(03)00044-4
- Weiss. 1947. The comparative tolerances of some fouling organisms to copper and mercury. Biol Bull. 93:56–63.
- Whitaker LR, Bohlander G. 1997. Analyzing and predicting underwater hull coating system wear. In: Expanding coatings knowledge worldwide: Proceedings of the SSPC 1997 Seminars (SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings); 1997 Nov 16; San Diego, CA; p. 331–341.
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). 1952. Marine fouling and its prevention. United States, Navy Dept. Bureau of Ships. Annapolis (MD).
- Yebra DM, Kiil S, Weinell CE, Dam-Johansen K. 2006. Presence and effects of marine microbial biofilms on biocide-based antifouling paints. Biofouling. 22:33–41. doi:10.1080/0892701050051909710.1080/08927010500519097