Publication Cover
Biofouling
The Journal of Bioadhesion and Biofilm Research
Volume 9, 1996 - Issue 4
75
Views
77
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Bacterial biofilms and the encrustation of urethral catheters

Pages 293-305 | Received 15 Dec 1995, Accepted 06 Feb 1996, Published online: 09 Jan 2009

References

  • Bibby , J M and Hukins , D W L . 1993 . Acidification of urine is not a feasible method for preventing encrustation of indwelling urinary catheters . Scand J Urol Nephrol , 27 : 63 – 65 .
  • Bradley , C , Babb , J , Davies , J and Ayliffe , G A J . 1986 . Urinary tract infections in catheterised patients can be prevented . Nurs Times , March 5th : 70 – 73 .
  • Bruce , A W , Sira , S S , Clark , A F and Awad , S A . 1974 . The problem of catheter encrustation . Can Med Assoc J , 111 : 238 – 241 .
  • Bultitude , M J and Eykyn , S . 1973 . The relationship between the urethral flora and urinary infection in the catheterised male . Br J Urol , 45 : 678 – 683 .
  • Capewell , A E and Morris , S L . 1993 . Audit of catheter management provided by district nurses and continence advisors . Br J Urol , 71 : 259 – 264 .
  • Clapham , I , McLean , R J C , Nickel , J C , Downey , J and Costerton , J W . 1990 . The influence of bacteria on struvite crystal habit and its importance in urinary stone formation . J Crystal Growth , 104 : 475 – 484 .
  • Clayton , C L , Chawla , J C and Stickler , D J . 1982 . Some observations on urinary tract infections in patients undergoing long‐term bladder catheterization . J Hosp Infect , 3 : 39 – 47 .
  • Cools , H J M and Van der Meer , J W M . 1986 . Restriction of long‐term indwelling urethral catheterisation in the elderly . Br J Urol , 58 : 683 – 688 .
  • Cox , A J and Hukins , D W L . 1989 . Morphology of mineral deposits on encrusted urinary catheters investigated by scanning electron microscopy . J Urol , 142 : 1347 – 1350 .
  • Cox , A J , Hukins , D W L and Sutton , T M . 1989 . Infection of catheterised patients: bacterial colonisation of encrusted Foley catheters shown by scanning electron microscopy . Urol Res , 17 : 349 – 352 .
  • Daifuku , R and Stamm , W E . 1984 . Association of rectal and urethral colonization with urinary tract infection in patients with indwelling catheters . J Am Med Assoc , 252 : 2028 – 2030 .
  • Dance , D A B , Pearson , A D , Seal , D V and Lowes , J A . 1987 . A hospital outbreak caused by a chlorhexidine and antibiotic resistant Proteus mirabilis . J Hosp Infect , 10 : 10 – 16 .
  • Davies , A J , Desai , H N , Turton , S and Dyas , A . 1987 . Does instillation of chlorhexidine into the bladder of catheterised patients help reduce bacteriuria? . J Hosp Infect , 9 : 72 – 75 .
  • Dumanski , A J , Hedelin , H , Edin‐Liljegren , A , Beauchemin , D and McLean , R J C . 1994 . Unique ability of Proteus mirabilis capsule to enhance mineral growth in infectious urinary calculi . Infect Immun , 62 : 2998 – 3003 .
  • Fawcett , C , Chawla , J C , Quoraishi , A and Stickler , D J . 1986 . A study of the skin flora of spinal cord injured patients . J Hosp Infect , 8 : 149 – 158 .
  • Ganderton , L , Chawla , J , Winters , C , Wimpenny , J and Stickler , D . 1992 . Scanning electron microscopy of bacterial biofilms on indwelling bladder catheters . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , 11 : 789 – 797 .
  • Garibaldi , R A , Burke , J P , Britt , M R , Miller , W A and Smith , C B . 1974 . Factors predisposing to bacteriuria during indwelling urethral catheterization . N Eng J Med , 291 : 215 – 219 .
  • Getliffe , K A . 1994 . The characteristics and management of patients with recurrent blockage of long‐term urinary catheters . J Adv Nurs , 20 : 140 – 149 .
  • Getliffe , K and Mulhall , A . 1991 . The encrustation of indwelling catheters . Br J Urol , 67 : 337 – 341 .
  • Gillespie , W A , Jones , J E , Teasdale , C , Simpson , R A , Nashef , L and Speller , D C . 1983 . Does the addition of disinfectant to urine drainage bags prevent infection in patients? . Lancet , ii : 1037 – 1039 .
  • Griffith , D P , Musher , D M and Itin , C . 1976 . Urease: the preliminary cause of infection induced urinary stones . Invest Urol , 13 : 346 – 350 .
  • Griffith , D P , Gibson , J R , Clinton , C W and Musher , D M . 1978 . Acetohydroxamic acid: clinical studies of a urease inhibitor in patients with staghorn renal calculi . J Urol , 119 : 9 – 15 .
  • Haley , R W , Hooton , T M and Culver , D H . 1981 . Nosocomial infections in US hospitals, 1975–1976: estimated frequency by selected characteristics of patients . Am J Med , 70 : 947 – 959 .
  • Haley , R W , Culver , D H , White , J W , Morgan , W M and Emori , T G . 1985 . The nationwide nosocomial infection rate . Am J Epidemiol , 121 : 159 – 167 .
  • Hedelin , H , Eddeland , A , Larsson , L , Pettersson , S and Ohman , S . 1984 . The composition of catheter encrustations, including the effects of allopurinol treatment . Br J Urol , 56 : 250 – 254 .
  • Hukins , D W L , Hickey , D S and Kennedy , A P . 1983 . Catheter encrustation by struvite . BrJ Urol , 55 : 304 – 305 .
  • Jepsen , O B , Larsen , S O , Dankert , J , Daschner , F , Grönroos , P , Meers , P D , Nyström , B , Rotter , M and Sander , J . 1982 . Urinary tract infection and bacteraemia in hospitalized medical patients‐ a European multicentre prevalence survey on nosocomial infection . J Hosp Infect , 3 : 241 – 252 .
  • Kennedy , A P , Brocklehurst , J C , Robinson , J M and Faraghar , E B . 1992 . Assessment of the use of bladder washouts/instillations in patients with long‐term indwelling catheters . Br J Urol , 70 : 610 – 615 .
  • Kunin , C M . 1987 . Detection, Prevention and Management of Urinary Tract Infections , 4th Ed , Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger .
  • Kunin , C M . 1989 . The blockage of urinary catheters: role of microorganisms and constituents of the urine on formation of encrustations . J Clin Epidemiol , 42 : 835 – 842 .
  • Kunin , C M , Chin , Q F and Chambers , S . 1987 . Formation of encrustations on indwelling catheters in the elderly: a comparison of different types of catheter materials in “blockers”; and “non‐blockers”; . J Urol , 138 : 899 – 902 .
  • Kunin , C M , Douthitt , S , Dancing , J , Anderson , J and Moeschberger , M . 1992 . The association between the use of urinary catheters and morbidity and mortality among elderly patients in nursing homes . Am J Epidemiol , 135 : 291 – 301 .
  • Liedberg , H , Ekman , P and Lundeberg , T . 1991 . Urease‐induced precipitation on latex and silver coated latex in vitro . Scand J Urol Nephrol , 138 ( Suppl ) : 239 – 240 .
  • McLean , R J C , Downey , J , Clapham , L and Nickel , J C . 1990 . Influence of chondroitin sulphate, heparin sulphate and citrate on Proteus mirabilis induced struvite crystallization in vitro . J Urol , 144 : 1267 – 1271 .
  • McLean , R J C , Downey , J , Clapham , L , Wilson , J W L and Nickel , J C . 1991a . Pyrophosphate inhibition of Proteus mirabilis induced struvite crystallization in vitro . Clin Chim Acta , 200 : 107 – 118 .
  • McLean , R J C , Lawrence , J R , Korber , D K and Caldwell , D E . 1991b . Proteus mirabilis biofilm protection against struvite crystal dissolution and its implications in struvite urolithiasis . J Urol , 146 : 1138 – 1142 .
  • Mobley , H L T and Warren , J W . 1987 . Urease‐positive bacteriuria and obstruction of long‐term urinary catheters . J Clin Microbiol , 25 : 2216 – 2217 .
  • Mulhall , A B , Chapman , R G and Crow , R A . 1988 . Bacteriuria during indwelling urethral catheterisation . J Hosp Infect , 11 : 253 – 262 .
  • Nickel , J C . 1991 . Catheter‐associated urinary tract infection: new perspectives on old problems . Can J Infect Contrl , 6 : 38 – 42 .
  • Nickel , J C , Grant , S K and Costerton , J W . 1985a . Catheter associated bacteriuria, an experimental study . Urology , 26 : 369 – 375 .
  • Nickel , J C , Gristina , A G and Costerton , J W . 1985b . Electron microscopic study of an infected Foley catheter . Canad J Surg , 28 : 50 – 52 .
  • Nickel , J C , Costerton , J W , McLean , R J C and Olsen , M . 1994 . Bacterial biofilms: influence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections . J Antimicrob Chemother , 33 ( Supple A ) : 31 – 41 .
  • Ohkawa , M , Sugata , T , Sawaki , M , Nakashima , T , Fuse , H and Hisazumi , H . 1990 . Bacterial and crystal adherence to the surfaces of indwelling urethral catheters . J Urol , 143 : 717 – 721 .
  • Platt , R , Polk , B F , Murdock , B and Rosner , B . 1982 . Mortality associated with nosocomial urinary‐tract infection . N Engl J Med , 307 : 637 – 642 .
  • Platt , R , Polk , B F , Murdock , B and Rosner , B . 1983 . Reduction of mortality associated with nosocomial urinary tract infection . Lancet , I : 893 – 897 .
  • Ramsay , J W A , Garnham , A J , Mulhall , A B , Crow , R A , Bryan , J M , Eardley , I , Vale , J A and Whitfield , H N . 1989 . Biofilms, bacteria and bladder catheters . Br J Urol , 64 : 395 – 398 .
  • Roe , B H . 1989 . Use of bladder washouts: a study of nurses recommendations . J Adv Nurs , 14 : 494 – 500 .
  • Schaeffer , A J and Chmiel , J . 1983 . Urethral meatal colonization in the pathogenesis of catheter associated bacteriuria . J Urol , 130 : 1096 – 1099 .
  • Slack , R C B . 1992 . “ Urinary tract infections ” . In Antibiotic and Chemotherapy , 6th ed , Edited by: Lambert , H P and O'Grady , F W . 407 – 415 . Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone .
  • Stamm , W E . 1991 . Catheter‐associated urinary tract infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention . Am J Med , 91 (suppl 3B) : 65S – 72S .
  • Stickler , D J and Thomas , B . 1980 . Antiseptic and antibiotic resistance in Gram‐negative bacteria causing urinary tract infection . J Clin Path , 33 : 288 – 296 .
  • Stickler , D J and Winters , C . 1994 . “ Biofilms and urethral catheters ” . In Bacterial Biofilms and their Control in Medicine and Industry , Edited by: Wimpenny , J , Nichols , W , Stickler , D and Lappin‐Scott , H . 89 – 92 . Cardiff : Bioline .
  • Stickler , D J and Zimakoff , J . 1994 . Complications of urinary infections associated with devices used for long‐term bladder management . J Hosp Infect , 28 : 177 – 194 .
  • Stickler , D J , Clayton , C L and Chawla , J C . 1987 . The resistance of urinary tract pathogens to chlorhexidine bladder washouts . J Hosp Infect , 10 : 219 – 228 .
  • Stickler , D J , Howe , N S and Winters , C . 1994 . Bacterial biofilm growth on ciprofloxacin treated urethral catheter . Cells & Materials , 4 : 387 – 398 .
  • Stickler , D J , King , J , Winters , C and Morris , S L . 1993a . Blockage of urethral catheters by bacterial biofilms . J Infect , 27 : 133 – 135 .
  • Stickler , D , Ganderton , L , King , J , Nettleton , J and Winters , C . 1993b . Proteus mirabilis biofilms and the encrustation of urethral catheters . Urol Res , 21 : 407 – 411 .
  • Stickler , D J , Williams , T , Jarman , C , Howe , N and Winters , C . 1995 . “ The encrustation of urethral catheters ” . In The Life and Death of Biofilm , Edited by: Wimpenny , J , Handley , P , Gilbert , P and Lappin‐Scott , H . 119 – 125 . Cardiff : Bioline .
  • Takeuchi , H , Takayama , H , Konishi , T and Tomoyoshi , T . 1984 . Scanning electron microscopy detects bacteria within infection stones . J Urol , 132 : 67 – 69 .
  • Warren , J W . 1994 . Catheter associated bacteriuria in long‐term care facilities . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , 15 : 557 – 562 .
  • Warren , J W , Steinberg , L , Hebel , R and Tenney , J H . 1989 . The prevalence of urethral catheterization in Maryland nursing homes . Arch Intern Med , 149 : 1535 – 1537 .
  • Warren , J W , Platt , R , Thomas , R J , Rosner , B and Kass , E H . 1978 . Antibiotic irrigation and catheter associated urinary tract infections . N Eng J Med , 299 : 570 – 573 .
  • Williams , J J , Rodman , J S and Peterson , C M . 1984 . A randomized double‐blind study of acetohydroxamic acid in struvite nephrolithiasis . N Eng J Med , 311 : 760 – 764 .
  • Winters , C , Stickler , D J , Howe , N S , Williams , T J , Wilkinson , N and Buckley , C . 1995 . Some observations on the structure of encrusting biofilms of Proteus mirabilis on urethral catheters . Cells Materials , 5 : 245 – 253 .
  • Zimakoff , J , Pontoppidan , B , Larsen , S O and Stickler , D J . 1993 . Management of urinary bladder function in Danish hospitals, nursing homes and home care . J Hosp Infect , 24 : 183 – 199 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.