Science and the climate convention

Notes and references

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• RITE, 1992 Research Institute of Technology for the Earth, Kyoto, Japan.
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• Article 2 of the Climate Convention, “The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.”
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• Article 3, item 3, of the Climate Convention, “The Parties should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures, taking into account that policies and measures to deal with climate change should be cost effective so as to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost. To achieve this, such policies and measures should take into account different socio‐economic contexts, be comprehensive, cover all relevant sources, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse and adaptation and comprise all economic sectors. Efforts to address climate change may be carried out cooperatively by interested Parties.”
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• Article 4, item 2a and item 2b of the Climate Convention, “Each of these Parties shall adopt national policies and take corresponding measures on the mitigation of climate change, by limiting its anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting and enhancing its greenhouse gas sinks and reservoirs. These policies and measures will demonstrate that developed countries are taking the lead in modifying longer‐term trends in a anthropogenic emissions consistent with the objective of this Convention, recognizing that the return by the end of the present decade to earlier levels of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol would contribute to such modification.”
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• Article 4, item 2b, “In order to promote progress to this end, each of these Parties shall communicate, within six months of the entry into force of the Convention for it and periodically thereafter, and in accordance with Article 12, detailed information on its policies and measures referred to in subparagraph (a) above, as well as on its resulting projected anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol for the period referred to in subparagraph (a), with the aim of returning individually or jointly to their 1990 levels these anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.”
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• Subroto , R. 1992 . “Energy and Cooperation,” . World Energy Council, 15th Congress . September 20–25 1992 , Madrid.
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• AGENDA 21 was a non‐binding document accepted by all countries attending the UNCED in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. It outlines a set of protocols to achieve “sustainable development” and estimates the costs incurred.
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