Winners and Losers in Marine Conservation: Fishers' Displacement and Livelihood Benefits from Marine Reserves

References

• Béné , C. , E. Belal , M. O. Baba , S. Ovie , A. Raji , I. Malasha , F. Njaya , M. N. Andi , A. Russell , and A. Neiland . 2009 . Power struggle, dispute and alliance over local resources: Analyzing ‘democratic’ decentralization of natural resources through the lenses of Africa inland fisheries . World Dev. 37 : 1935 – 1950 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield , H. J. , C. J. Sweeting , A. C. Mill , S. M. Stead , and N. V. C. Polunin . 2012 . No-trawl area impacts: Perceptions, compliance and fish abundances . Environ. Conserv. 39 ( 3 ): 237 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter , D. W. 2003 . Protected areas in marine resource management: Another look at the economics and research issues . Ocean Coastal Manage. 46 : 439 – 456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christie , P. 2004 . Marine protected areas as biological successes and social failures in southeast Asia . Am. Fisheries Society Symp. 42 : 155 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Christie , P. , B. J. McCay , M. L. Miller , C. Lowe , A. T. White , R. Stoffle , D. L. Fluharty , L. T. McManus , R. Chuenpagdee , C. Pomeroy , D. O. Suman , B. G. Blount , D. Huppert , R. L. V. Eisma , E. Oracion , K. Lowry , and R. B. Pollnac . 2003 . Toward developing a complete understanding: A social science research agenda for marine protected areas . Fisheries 28 ( 12 ): 22 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuenpagdee , R. , J. J. Pascual-Fernández , E. Szeliánszky , J. Luis Alegret , J. Fraga , and S. Jentoft . 2013 . Marine protected areas: Re-thinking their inception . Mar. Policy 39 ( 0 ): 234 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinner , J. E. , T. Daw , and T. R. McClanahan . 2009 . Socioeconomic factors that affect artisanal fishers' readiness to exit a declining fishery . Conserv. Biol. 23 ( 1 ): 124 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulthard , S. 2011 . More than just access to fish: The pros and cons of fisher participation in a customary marine tenure (Padu) system under pressure . Mar. Policy 35 ( 3 ): 405 – 412 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daw , T. M. 2008 . Spatial distribution of effort by artisanal fishers: Exploring economic factors affecting the lobster fisheries of the Corn Islands, Nicaragua . Fisheries Res. 90 ( 1–3 ): 17 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daw , T. M. , K. Brown , S. Rosendo , and R. Pomeroy . 2011 . Applying the ecosystem services concept to poverty alleviation: The need to disaggregate human well-being . Environ. Conserv. 38 ( 4 ): 370 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , H. E. , M. B. Mascia , X. Basurto , A. Costa , L. Glew , D. Heinemann , L. B. Karrer , S. E. Lester , A. V. Lombana , R. S. Pomeroy , C. A. Recchia , C. M. Roberts , J. N. Sanchirico , L. Pet-Soede , and A. T. White . 2012 . Reexamining the science of marine protected areas: Linking knowledge to action . Conserv. Lett. 5 ( 1 ): 1 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , N. A. J. , T. D. Ainsworth , A. H. Baird , N. C. Ban , L. K. Bay , J. E. Cinner , D. M. De Freitas , G. Diaz-Pulido , M. Dornelas , S. R. Dunn , P. I. J. Fidelman , S. Foret , T. C. Good , J. Kool , J. Mallela , L. Penin , M. S. Pratchett , and D. H. Williamson . 2011 . From microbes to people: Tractable benefits of no-take areas for coral reefs . Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 49 : 117 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpern , B. S. , S. E. Lester , and J. B. Kellner . 2010. Spillover from marine reserves and the replenishment of fished stocks. Environ. Conserv. 36:268–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , H. B. , D. H. Williamson , R. D. Evans , G. R. Almany , S. R. Thorrold , G. R. Russ , K. A. Feldheim , L. van Herwerden , S. Planes , M. Srinivasan , M. L. Berumen , and G. P. Jones . 2012 . Larval export from marine reserves and the recruitment benefit for fish and fisheries . Curr. Biol. 22 ( 11 ): 1023 – 1028 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jentoft , S. , T. Son , and M. Bjørkan . 2007 . Marine protected areas: A governance system analysis . Hum. Ecol. 35 ( 5 ): 611 – 622 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangi , S. C. , and M. C. Austen . 2008 . Perceptions of stakeholders towards objectives and zoning of marine-protected areas in southern Europe . J. Nat. Conserv. 16 ( 4 ): 271 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mascia , M. B. , and C. A. Claus . 2009 . A property rights approach to understanding human displacement from protected areas: The case of marine protected areas . Conserv. Biol. 23 ( 1 ): 16 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mascia , M. B. , C. A. Claus , and R. Naidoo . 2010 . Impacts of marine protected areas on fishing communities . Conserv. Biol. 24 ( 5 ): 1424 – 1429 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClanahan , T. R. 2010 . Effects of fisheries closures and gear restrictions on fishing income in a Kenyan coral reef . Conserv. Biol. 24 ( 6 ): 1519 – 1528 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClanahan , T. , and S. Mangi . 2000 . Spillover of exploitable fishes from a marine park and its effect on the adjacent fishery . Ecol. Appl. 10 ( 6 ): 1792 – 1805 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pita , C. , G. J. Pierce , L. Theodossiou , and K. Macpherson . 2011 . An overview of commercial fishers' attitudes towards marine protected areas . Hydrobiologia 670 ( 1 ): 289 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollnac , R. , P. Christie , J. E. Cinner , T. Dalton , T. M. Daw , G. E. Forrester , N. A. J. Graham , and T. R. McClanahan . 2010 . Marine reserves as linked social-ecological systems . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 ( 43 ): 18262 – 18265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollnac , R. , and B. Crawford . 2000 . Assessing behavioural aspects of coastal resource use. Proyek Pesisir Publications Special Report. Coastal Resources Center Report 2226. Narragansett, RI: Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island.
   Google Scholar
• Rudd , M. A. , M. H. Tupper , H. Folmer , and G. C. van Kooten . 2003 . Policy analysis for tropical marine reserves: Challenges and directions . Fish Fisheries 4 : 65 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russ , G. , A. C. Alcala , A. P. Maypa , H. P. Calumpong , and A. T. White . 2004 . Marine reserve benefits local fisheries . Ecol. Appl. 14 ( 2 ): 597 – 606 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sala , E. , C. Costello , D. Dougherty , G. Heal , K. Kelleher , J. H. Murray , A. A. Rosenberg , and R. Sumaila . 2013 . A general business model for marine reserves . PLoS One 8 ( 4 ): e58799 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , M. D. , J. Lynham , J. N. Sanchirico , and J. A. Wilson . 2010 . Political economy of marine reserves: Understanding the role of opportunity costs . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 ( 43 ): 18300 – 18305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamoulis , K. A. , and A. M. Friedlander . 2013 . A seascape approach to investigating fish spillover across a marine protected area boundary in Hawai'i . Fisheries Research 144 : 2 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar