Gender Equality in Conservation Management: Reproducing or Transforming Gender Differences through Local Participation?

References

• Agarwal, B. 2010. Gender and green governance: The political economy of women’s presence within and beyond community forestry. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alnebratt, K., and M. Rönnblom. 2016. Feminism som byråkrati – jämställdhetsintegrering som strategi [Feminism as bureaucracy – gender mainstreaming as the strategy]. Stockholm, Sweden: Leopard förlag.
   Google Scholar
• Alsos, G., H. Bjørkhaug, A. Bolsø, and E. Ljunggren. 2015. Kjønn og naeringsliv i Norge [Gender and business in Norway]. Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk.
   Google Scholar
• Apple, D. D. 1996. Changing social and legal forces affecting the management of national forests. Women in Natural Resources 18 (1):4–10.
   Google Scholar
• Baker-Médard, M. 2017. Gendering marine conservation: The politics of marine protected areas and fisheries access. Society and Natural Resources 30 (6):723–737. doi:10.1080/08941920.2016.1257078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjaminsen, T. A., and H. A. Svarstad. 2017. Politisk økologi. Miljø, menneske og makt [Political ecology. Environment, people and power]. Oslo, Norway: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Bjørkhaug, H, and B. Brandt. 2015. "Litt Jane og litt Tarzan: Om makt og innflytelse i landbrukssamvirkets styrerom" [A bit of Jane and Tarzan: Power and influence in agricultural cooperative boards]. In Kjønn og næringsliv i Norge [Gender and business in Norway], ed. Alsos, G., H. Bjørkhaug, A. Bolsø, and E. Ljunggren, 133–150. Oslo, Norway: Cappelen Damm Akademisk.
   Google Scholar
• Bråtå, H. O., P. K. Alnes, and M. G. Lerfald. 2011. Villreinnemndene: en evaluering av deres struktur og funksjon [Wild reindeer boards: An evaluation of their structure and function]. Lillehammer, Norway: Østlandsforskning.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, G., V. H. Hausner, M. Grodzińska-Jurczak, A. Pietrzyk-Kaszyńska, A. Olszańska, B. Peek, M. Rechciński, and E. Lægreid. 2015. Cross-cultural values and management preferences in protected areas of Norway and Poland. Journal for Nature Conservation 28:89–104. doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2015.09.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, P., and R. Black. 2001. Women in natural resource management: Finding a more balanced perspective. Society and Natural Resources 14 (8):645–656. doi:10.1080/08941920117374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dervo, B. K., M. Skår, B. Köhler, H. Øian, O. I. Vistad, O Andersen, and V. Vegard Gundersen. 2014. Friluftsliv i Norge anno 2014 – status og utfordringer [Outdoor recreational activities in Norway anno 2014 – status and challenges]. NINA Rapport 1073. Lillehammer, Norway: NINA.
   Google Scholar
• Egge-Hoveide, K. 2013. Indikatorer for kjønnslikestilling i kommunene. Likestilling – avhengig av hvor vi Bor [Indicators for gender equality in the municipalities. Gender equality – depending on where you live]. Samfunnsspeilet 3:10–16.
   Google Scholar
• Ellingsæter, A. L., and J. Solheim. 2002. Den Usynlige hånd? Kjønnsmakt og moderne arbeidsliv. Makt- og, demokratiutredningen [the invisible hand? Gender power and mothern worke life. Power- and democracy report]. Oslo, Norway : Gyldendal Akademisk.
   Google Scholar
• Engelstad, E., and S. Gerrard. 2005. Challenging situatedness: Gender, culture, and the production of knowledge. Delft, the Netherlands: Eburon.
   Google Scholar
• Folkestad, B., J. O., Saglie, and S. B. Segaard. 2016. Kvinner i lokalpolitikk 2015 – En statusevaluering [Women in local politics 2015 – a status evaluation]. Oslo, Norway: Institutt for samfunnsforskning.
   Google Scholar
• Gender Equality Act of June 09 1987 nr. 45 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Getzner, M., M. L. Vik, E. Brendehaug, and B. Lane. 2014. Governance and management strategies in national parks: Implications for sustainable regional development. International Journal of Sustainable Society 6 (1/2):82–101. doi:10.1504/IJSSOC.2014.057891.
   Google Scholar
• Halrynjo, S., and M. Teigen. 2016. Ulik likestilling i arbeidslivet [Unequal gender equality in the working life]. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Akademisk.
   Google Scholar
• Haraway, D. J. 1995. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Feminist Studies 14 (3):575–599. doi:10.2307/3178066.
   Google Scholar
• Hausner, V. H., G. Brown, and E. Lægreid. 2015. Effects of land tenure and protected areas on ecosystem services and land use preferences in Norway. Land Use Policy 49:446–461. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.08.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernes, H. M. 1987. Welfare state and woman power: Essays in state feminism. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hongslo, E., S. Hovik, A. Zachrisson, and A. K. Lundberg. 2016. Decentralization of conservation management in Norway and Sweden: Different translations of an international trend. Society and Natural Resources 29 (8):998–1014. doi:10.1080/08941920.2015.1086456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hovik, S., and E. Hongslo. 2017. Balancing local interests and national conservation obligations in nature protection: The case of local management boards in Norway. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60 (4):708–724. doi:10.1080/09640568.2016.1176556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neis, B., S. Gerrard, and N. G. Power. 2013. Women and children first: The gendered and generational social-ecology of small-scale fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador and Northern Norway. Ecology and Society 18 (4):64. doi:10.5751/ES-06010-180464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odden, A. 2009. Hva skjer med norsk friluftsliv? En studie av utviklingstrekk i norsk friluftsliv 1970–2004 [What is happening with Norwegian outdoor recreational activities? A study of development patterns in Norwegian outdoor recreation 1970–2004]. Trondheim, Norway: NTNU, Fakultet for samfunnsvitenskap og teknologiledelse, Geografisk institutt.
   Google Scholar
• Overvåg, K., T. Skjeggedal, and C. Sandström. 2016. Management of mountain areas in Norway and the persistence of local–national conflicts. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 59 (7):1186–1204. doi:10.1080/09640568.2015.1062747.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, A. 1998. Feminism and politics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reed, M. G., and S. Christie. 2009. Environmental geography: We're not quite home – reviewing the gender gap. Progress in Human Geography 33 (2):246–255. doi:10.1177%2F0309132508094079.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, M. G., and B. Mitchell. 2003. Gendering environmental geography. The Canadian Geographer 47 (3):318–337. doi:10.1111/1541-0064.00025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, K., A. J. Sinclair, M. G. Reed, and J. R. Parkins. 2011. Constraints to participation in Canadian forestry advisory committees: A gendered perspective. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41 (3):524–532. doi:10.1139/X10-220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risvoll, C., G. E. Fedreheim, A. Sandberg, and S. BurnSilver. 2014. Does pastoralists' participation in the management of national parks in Northern Norway contribute to adaptive governance? Ecology and Society 19 (2):1–11. doi:10.5751/ES-06658-190271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt, M. 2014. Gender awareness in European alpine protected-area management: Achievements, shortcomings, and the way forward. Mountain Research and Development 34 (3):291–296. doi:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-13-00090.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjeggedal, T., and M. Clemetsen. 2018. Integrated and decentralised protection and development of mountain landscapes. Landscape Research 43 (1):64–76. doi:10.1080/01426397.2017.1291923.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St. prp. 1. 2009–2010. Statsbudsjettet for budsjettåret 2010 [The National Budget 2010]. Oslo, Norway: Regjeringen.
   Google Scholar
• Svarstad, H., K. Daugstad, O. I. Vistad, and I. Guldvik. 2006. New protected areas in Norway: Local participation without gender equality. Mountain Research and Development 26 (1):48–54. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2006)026[0048:NPAINL]2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svarstad, H., S. Skuland, I. Guldvik, and H. Figari. 2009. Fraværet av likestilling i lokal naturforvaltning: Nasjonalparkplanen som eksempel – NINA Rapport 432 [The absence of gender equality in local natural resource management: The National Park Plan as a case – NINA report 432]. Oslo, Norway: Norsk institutt for naturforskning.
   Google Scholar
• Terry, G. 2009. No climate justice without gender justice: An overview of the issues. Gender and Development 17 (1):5–18. doi:10.1080/13552070802696839.
   Google Scholar
• van der Ros, J., V. Johansen, and I. Guldvik. 2010. Fra folkevalgt til utvalgt: Kjønn, makt og kjønnsmaktbalanse [From elected to selected: Gender, power and gender power balance in local politics]. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning 51 (2):221–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varghese, J., and M. G. Reed. 2012. Theorizing the implications of gender order for sustainable forest management. International Journal of Forestry Research 2012:1–11. doi:10.1155/2012/257280.
   Google Scholar
• West, C., and D. H. Zimmerman. 1987. Doing gender. Gender and Society 1 (2):125–151. doi:10.1177/0891243287001002002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westberg, L., and S. Powell. 2015. Participate for women's sake? A gender analysis of a Swedish collaborative environmental management project. Society and Natural Resources 28 (11):1233–1248. doi:10.1080/08941920.2015.1014594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wide, J. 2012. Kvinnorepresentationen i Norges kommuner – Vad förklarar den rumsliga variationen? [Women’s representation in Norwegian municipalities - what can explain the spatial variation?]. Tidsskrift for Samfunnsforskning 53 (3):317–347.
   Google Scholar