Public Understanding of Science in Pacific Northwest Salmon Recovery Policy

References

• Abraham , J. and J. Shepard . 1997 . Democracy, technocracy, and secret state of medicines control: Expert and nonexpert perspectives . Sci. Technol. Hum. Values 22 ( 2 ): 139 – 167 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alm , L. R. 2000 . Crossing borders, crossing boundaries: The role of scientists in the U.S. acid rain debate . Westport , CT : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Alvesson , M. and D. Karreman . 2000 . Varieties of discourse: On the study of organizations through discourse analysis . Hum. Relations 53 ( 9 ): 1125 – 1149 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashman , K. M. and P. S. Baringer . 2001 . After the science wars . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bauer , M. W. , K. Petkova , and P. Boyadjieva . 2000 . Public knowledge of and attitudes to science: Alternative measures that may end the “science war.” Sci. Technol. Hum. Values 25 ( 1 ): 30 – 51 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayer , R. 2004 . A sampling of salmon recovery viewpoints 2004 [cited October 25 2004]. Available from http://www.orednet.org/~rbayer/salmon
   Google Scholar
• Bensuade-Vincent , B. 2001 . A genealogy of the increasing gap between science and the public . Public Understand. Sci. 10 ( 1 ): 99 – 113 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Bourdon , S. 2000 . Inter-coder reliability verification using QSR NUD∗IST . Paper read at Conference on Strategies in Qualitative Research: Issues and Results from Analysis Using QSR NVivo and QSR NUD∗IST , at the Institute of Education , University of London , London , UK .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , P. 1992 . Popular epidemiology and toxic waste contamination: Lay and professional ways of knowing . J. Health Social Behav. 33 : 267 – 281 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , R. N. and E. E. Meidinger . 1998 . Integrating science and policy in natural resource management: Lessons and opportunities from North America . Portland , OR : USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station .
   Google Scholar
• Eden , S. 1996 . Public participation in environmental policy: Considering scientific, counter-scientific and non-scientific contributions . Public Understand. Sci. 5 ( 3 ): 183 – 204 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Einsiedel , E. F. 1994 . Mental maps of science: Knowledge and attitudes among Canadian adults . Int. J. Public Opin. Res. 6 ( 1 ): 35 – 44 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Elam , M. and M. Bertilsson . 2003 . Consuming, engaging and confronting science: The emerging dimensions of scientific citizenship . Eur. J. Social Theory 6 ( 2 ): 233 – 251 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Fiorino , D. J. 1990. Citizen participation and environmental risk: A survey of institutional mechanisms. Sci. Technol. Hum. Values 15(2):226–243. [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer , F. 2000 . Citizens, experts, and the environment: The politics of local knowledge . Durham , NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Flynn , J. , P. Slovic , and C. K. Mertz . 1993 . Decidedly different: Expert and public views of risks from a radioactive waste repository . Risk Anal. 13 : 643 – 648 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freemuth , J. and R. M. Cawley . 1998 . Science, expertise and the public: The politics of ecosystem management in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem . Landscape Urban Plan. 40 ( 1–3 ): 211 – 219 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Hisschemöller , M. and C. J. H. Midden . 1999 . Improving the usability of research on the public perception of science and technology for policy-making . Public Understand. Sci. 8 ( 1 ): 17 – 33 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Hull , R. B. , D. P. Robertson , and A. Kendra . 2001 . Public understandings of nature: A case study of local knowledge about “natural” forest conditions . Society Nat. Resources 14 ( 4 ): 325 – 340 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin , A. 2001 . Constructing the scientific citizen: Science and democracy in the biosciences . Public Understand. Sci. 10 ( 1 ): 1 – 18 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasanoff , S. 1990 . The fifth branch: Science advisers as policymakers . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jasanoff , S. 1995 . Science at the bar . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kajanne , A. and A. M. Pirttila-Backman . 1999 . Laypeople's viewpoints about the reasons for expert controversy regarding food additives . Public Understand. Sci. 8 ( 4 ): 303 – 315 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Kinchy , A. and D. L. Kleinman . 2003 . Organizing credibility: Discursive and organizational orthodoxy on the borders of ecology and politics . Social Stud. Sci. 33 ( 6 ): 869 – 896 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lach , D. , P. List , B. Steel , and B. Shindler . 2003 . Advocacy and credibility of ecological scientists in resource decisionmaking: A regional study . Bioscience 53 ( 2 ): 170 – 178 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lackey , R. T. 2000 . Restoring wild salmon to the Pacific Northwest: Chasing an illusion ? In What we don't know about Pacific Northwest fish runs—An inquiry into decision-making , eds. P. Koss and M. Katz , 91 – 143 . Portland , OR : Portland State University .
   Google Scholar
• Laird , F. N. 1993 . Participatory analysis, democracy, and technological decision making . Sci. Technol. Hum. Values 18 ( 3 ): 342 – 361 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Latour , B. 1998 . From the world of science to the world of research ? Science 280 ( 5361 ): 208 – 209 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limoges , C. 1993 . Expert knowledge and decision-making in controversy contexts . Public Understand. Sci. 2 ( 4 ): 417 – 426 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Michael , J. H. 1999 . The future of Washington salmon: Extinction is not an option but may be the preferred alternative . Northwest Sci. 73 ( 3 ): 235 – 239 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael , M. 1992 . Lay discourses of science: Science-in-general, science-in-particular, and self . Sci. Technol. Hum. Values 17 ( 3 ): 313 – 333 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. D. 2004 . Public understanding of, and attitudes toward, scientific research: What we know and what we need to know . Public Understand. Sci. 13 ( 3 ): 273 – 294 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. C. , A. G. Mertig , and R. E. Dunlap . 1991 . Twenty years of environmental mobilization: Trends among national environmental organizations . Society Nat. Resources 4 : 219 – 234 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Research Council . 1996 . Upstream: Salmon and society in the Pacific Northwest . Washington , DC : Committee on Protection and Management of Pacific Northwest Anadromous Salmonids, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Ozawa , C. P. 1996 . Science in environmental conflicts . Sociol. Perspect. 39 ( 2 ): 219 – 230 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons , K. M. 2003 . The science wars: Debating scientific knowledge and technology . Amherst , NY : Prometheus Books .
   Google Scholar
• Petkova , K. and P. Boyadjieva . 1994 . The image of the scientist and its functions . Public Understand. Sci. 3 ( 2 ): 215 – 224 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Petts , J. 1997. The public–expert inrterface in local waste management decisions: Expertise, credibility and process. Public Understand. Sci. 6(4):359–381. [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce , J. C. 1992 . Citizens, political communication, and interest groups: Environmental organizations in Canada and the United States . Westport , CT : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , J. C. and N. P. Lovrich . 1986 . Water resources, democracy, and the technical information quandary, National university publications . Port Washington , NY : Associated Faculty Press .
   Google Scholar
• Potter , J. 1996 . Representing reality: Discourse, rhetoric and social construction . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Potter , J. 1997 . Discourse analysis as a way of analysing naturally occurring talk . In Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice , ed. D. Silverman , 144 – 160 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Potter , J. , D. Edwards , and M. Wetherell . 1993 . A model of discourse in action . Am. Behav. Scientist 36 ( 3 ): 383 – 401 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter , J. and M. Mulkay . 1985 . Scientists' interview talk: Interviews as a technique for revealing participants interpretative practices . In The research interview: Uses and approaches , eds. D. V. Canter , J. Brown , and M. Brenner , 247 – 271 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Potter , J. and M. Wetherell . 1987 . Discourse and social psychology . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Rhoads , B. L. , D. Wilson , M. Urban , and E. E. Herricks . 1999 . Interaction between scientists and nonscientists in community-based watershed management: Emergence of the concept of stream naturalization . Environ. Manage. 24 ( 3 ): 297 – 308 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , A. 1996 . Science wars . Durham , NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Roth , A. L. , J. Dunsby , and L. A. Bero . 2003 . Framing processes in public commentary on US federal tobacco control regulation . Social Stud. Sci. 33 ( 1 ): 7 – 44 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth , W.-M. and K. B. Lucas . 1997 . From “truth” to “invented reality”: A discourse analysis of high school physics students' talk about scientific knowledge . J. Res. Sci. Teach. 34 ( 2 ): 145 – 179 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rust , R. T. and B. Cooil . 1994 . Reliability measures for qualitative data: Theory and implications . J. Market. Res. 31 ( 1 ): 1 – 14 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segerstrêale , U. C. O. 2000 . Beyond the science wars: The missing discourse about science and society. SUNY series in science, technology, and society . Albany , NY : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , C. and B. S. Steel . 1997 . Values in the valuing of salmon . In Pacific salmon and their ecosystems: Status and future options , eds. D. J. Strouder , P. A. Bisson , and R. J. Naiman , 599 – 616 . Corvalis , OR : Oregon State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Steel , B. S. and N. P. Lovrich . 1997 . An introduction to natural resource policy and public lands: Changing paradigms and values . In Public lands management in the West , ed. B. S. Steel , 3 – 15 . New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Trachtman , L. E. and R. Perrucci . 2000 . Science under siege?: Interest groups and the science wars . Lanham , MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Government Printing Office . 2001 . GPO Access 2001 [cited 2001]. Available from http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Weingart , P. 1999 . Scientific expertise and political accountability: Paradoxes of science in politics . Sci. Public Policy 26 ( 3 ): 151 – 161 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Wetherell , M. and J. Potter . 1988 . Discourse analysis and the identification of interpretative repertoires . In Analysing everyday explanation: A casebook of methods , ed. C. Antaki , 168 – 183 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Wynne , B. 1996 . May the sheep safely graze? A reflexive view on the expert-lay knowledge divide . In Misunderstanding science? The public reconstruction of science and technology , eds. S. Lash , B. Szerszynski , and B. Wynne , 19 – 46 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yearley , S. 1994 . Understanding science from the perspective of the sociology of scientific knowledge: An overview . Public Understand. Sci. 3 : 245 – 258 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Yearley , S. 2000. Making systematic sense of public discontents with expert knowledge: Two analytical approaches and a case study. Public Understand. Sci. 9(2):105–122. [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zehr , S. C. 2000 . Public representations of scientific uncertainty about global climate change . Public Understand. Sci. 9 ( 2 ): 85 – 103 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziman , J. 1991 . Public understanding of science . Science Technol. Hum. Values 16 ( 1 ): 99 – 105 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar