REFERENCES
- Vongpatanasi n W, Hillis LD, Lange RA. Prosthetic heart valves. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:407 –416.
- Edmunds LH. Thrombotic and bleeding complications of prosthetic heart valves. Ann Thorac Surg. 1987;44:430 – 445.
- Levine MN, Rakob G, Hirsch J. Risk of hemorrhage as- sociated with long-term anticoagulant therapy. Drugs. 1985;30:444–460.
- Tran HS, Puc MM, Hewitt CW, et al. Diamond-like car- bon coating and plasma or glow discharge treatment of mechanical heart valves. J Invest Surg. 1999;12:133 –140.
- Kumar N, Singh B, Devital S, et al. Development of mer- metic scratch resistant diamond like carbon coatings for silica optical fbers. Univ PA Mater Sci. 1997;10–11(4):10– 14.
- Aronsson BO, Lausmaa J, Kasemo B. Glow discharge plasma treatment for surface cleaning and modifcation of metallic biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res. 1997;35:49– 73.
- Chrzanowski F, Goodman M, Tarnoff M, et al. The ef- fects of surface modifcation of mechanical aortic valves on thrombogenicity. Scanning. 1998;20:189 –190.
- Ali ML, Kumar SP, Bjornstad K, Duran CMG. The sheep as an animal model for heart valve research. Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;4:543–549.
- Salerno CT, Droel J, Bianco RW. Current state of in vivo preclinical heart valve evaluation. J Heart Valve Dis. 1998;7:158–162.
- Barnhart GR, Jones M, Isihara T, et al. Bioprosthetic valvu- lar failure: Clinical and pathological observation in an experimental animal model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1982;83:618–631.
- Tillman P, Carson SN, Talken L. Platelet function and coag- ulation parameters in sheep during experimental vascular surgery. Lab Anim Sci. 1981;31:263 –267.
- Irwin E, Lang G, Clack R, et al. Long-term evalua- tion of prosthetic mitral valves in sheep. J Invest Surg. 1993;6:133–141.
- Thurmon JC, Kumar A, Link RD. Evaluation of ketamine HCL as an anesthetic in sheep. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1973;162:293 –297.
- Waterman AE, Livington A. Some physiologic effects of ketamine in sheep. Eur Surg Res. 1983;25:225 –233.
- Chanda J, Kuribayashi R, Abe T. New-generation valved conduit: An experimental study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;114:218 –223.
- Chanda J, Kuribayashi R, Abe T, et al. Is the dog a useful model for accelerated calcifcation study of cardiovascular bioprostheses. Artif Organs. 1997;21:391–395.
- Rutherford RB. Vascular Surgery, 5th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 2000:484–486.
- Schoen FJ, Hirsch D, Bianco RW, Levy RJ. Onset and progression of calcifcation in porcine aortic biopros- thetic valves implanted as orthotopic mitral valve re- placements in juvenile sheep. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;108:880 –887.
- Jones M, Eidbo EE, Hilbert SL, Ferrans VJ, Clark RE. The ef- fects of anticalcifcation treatments on bioprosthetic heart valves implanted in sheep. ASAIO Trans. 1988;34:1027 – 1030.
- Jones M, Eidbo EE, Hilbert SL, Ferrans VJ, Clark RE. An- ticalcifcation treatments of bioprosthetic heart valves: In vivo studies of sheep. J Cardiac Surg. 1989;4:69–73.
- Yang Y, Franzen SF, Olin CL. In vivo comparison of hemo-compatibility of materials used in mechanical heart valves. J Heart Valve Dis. 1996;5:532–537.