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Journal of Investigative Surgery Volume 16, 2003 - Issue 3
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Research Article

Philip Syng Physick: Father of American Surgery

Luis H. Toledo-Pereyra Michigan State University, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Borgess Research Institute, Kalamazoo, and Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Pages 123-124 | Published online: 09 Jul 2009

  • Toledo-Pereyra LH, Shippen W Jr. Pioneer Revolutionary War surgeon and father of American anatomy and midwifery. J Invest Surg. 2002;15:183-184.
  • Malone D, ed. Dictionary of American Biography. Vol. XIV. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons; 1934:554-555.
  • Talbott JH. A Biographical History of Medicine. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1970:370-371.
  • Galishoff S. Physick, Philip Syng. In: Kaufman M et al., eds. Dictionary of American Medical Biography. Vol. II. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; 1984:595-596.
  • Rutkow IM. Philip Syng Physick (1768-1837). Arch Surg. 2001;136:968.

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