21
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
NEW METHODOLOGIES

Electromyographic Lag Time and Opening Time: Two Novel Noninvasive Methods to Investigate Patients with Anal Outlet Obstruction and Their Response to Treatment

, MD, PhD, , MCh, MD, , MCh, MD & , MD, PhD
Pages 307-311 | Received 30 Apr 2007, Accepted 18 Jul 2007, Published online: 09 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • Denny-Brown D, Robertson E G. An investigation of the nervous control of defecation. Brain. 1935; 58: 256–310
  • Rossolimo G. Der Analreflex, seine Physiologie und Pathologie. Neurologisches Centralblatt 1891; 10: 257–259
  • Janig W, McLachlan E M. Organization of lumbar spinal outflow to the distal colon and pelvic organs. Physiol Rev 1987; 67: 1332–1404
  • Percy J P, Neill M E, Swash M, Parks A. Electrophysiological study of motor nerve supply of pelvic floor. Lancet 1981; 1: 16–17
  • Floyd W F, Walls E W. Electromyography of the sphincteric ani externus in man. J Physiol. 1953; 122: 500–509
  • Taverner D, Smiddy F G. Electromyographic study of the normal function of the external anal sphincter and pelvic diaphragm. Dis Colon Rectum 1959; 2: 153–160
  • Ruskin A P, Davis J E. Anal sphincter electromyography. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1969; 27: 713–716
  • Swash M, Snooks S J. Electromyography in pelvic floor disorders. Coloproctology and the Pelvic Floor: Pathophysiology and Management, M M Henry, M Swash. Butterworth, London 1985; 88–103
  • Shafik A, El-Sibai O. Rectal inhibition by inferior rectal nerve stimulation in dogs: recognition of a new reflex: The ‘voluntary anorectal inhibition reflex’. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001; 13: 413–418
  • Read N W, Timms J M, Barfield L J, Donnelly T C, Bannister J J. Impairment of defecation in young women with severe constipation. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 53–60
  • Keighley M RB, Shouler P. Outlet syndrome: Is there a surgical option?. J R Soc Med 1984; 77: 559–563
  • Kuijpers H C, Leijenberg G, Morree H. The spastic pelvic floor syndrome. Large bowel outlet obstruction caused by pelvic floor dysfunction: A radiologic study. Int J Colorectal Dis 1986; 1: 44–48
  • Turnbull G K, Lennard-Jones J E, Bartram C I. Failure of rectal expulsion as a cause of constipation: Why fiber and laxatives sometimes fail. Lancet 1986; 1: 767–769
  • Corman M L. Disorders of defecation. Colon & Rectal Surgery. 4th ed., M L Corman. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia 1998; 368–400
  • Fleshman J W, Dreznik Z, Meyer K, Fry R D, Carney R, Kodner I J. Outpatient protocol for biofeedback therapy of pelvic floor outlet obstruction. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992; 35: 1–7
  • Gilliland R, Heymen S, Altomare D F, Park U C, Vickers D, Wexner S D. Outcome and predictors of success of biofeedback for constipation. Br J Surg 1997; 84: 1123–1126
  • Shafik A. A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. XLII. Recto-puborectalis reflex. Coloproctology 1990; 12: 170–172
  • Shafik A. A concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. Dis Colon Rectum 1987; 30: 970–982

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.