Investigation on EMG Profiles of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve in a In Vivo Porcine Model

References

• Teitelbaum BJ, Wenig B. Superior laryngeal nerve injury from thyroid surgery. Head Neck. 1995;17:36–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevan K, Griffiths MV, Morgan MH. Cricothyroid muscle paralysis: its recognition and diagnosis. J Laryngol Otol. 1989;103(02):191–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansson S, Tisell LE, Hagne I, et al. Partial superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) lesions before and after thyroid surgery. World J Surg. 1988;12(4):522–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt CJ. The superior and inferior laryngeal nerve as related to thyroid surgery. Am Surg. 1961;27:548–552.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guindy A, Abdel-Aziz M. Superior laryngeal nerve preservation in peri-apical surgery by mobilization of the viscerovertebral angle. J Laryngol Otol. 2000;114:268–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dener C. Complication rates after operations for benign thyroid disease. Acta Otolaryngol. 2002;122(6):679–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abelson TI, Tucker HM. Laryngeal findings in superior laryngeal nerve paralysis: a controversy. Head Neck Surg. 1981;89(3):463–470.
   Google Scholar
• Sywak M, Cornford L, Roach P, et al. Routine ipsilateral level VI lymphadenectomy reduces postoperative thyroglobulin levels in papillary thyroid cancer. Surgery 2006;140(6):1000–1005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang FY, Lee KW, Chen HC, et al. Standardization of intraoperative neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid operation. World J Surg. 2010;34(2):223–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barczynski M, Randolph GW, Cernea CR, et al. External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: International Neural Monitoring Study Group standards guideline statement. Laryngoscope. 2013;123:S1–S14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dionigi G, Boni L, Rovera F, et al. Neuromonitoring and video-assisted thyroidectomy: a prospective randomized case-control evaluation. Surg Endos. 2009;23(5):996–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lifante JC, McGill J, Murry T, et al. A prospective randomized trial of nerve monitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy under local/regional anesthesia and IV sedation. Surgery. 2009;146(6):1167–1173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanudo JR, Maranillo E, Leon X, et al. An anatomical study of anastomoses between the laryngeal nerves. Laryngoscope. 1999;109:983–987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasri S, Beizai P, Ye M, et al. Cross-innervation of the thyroarytenoid muscle by a branch from the external division of the superior laryngeal nerve. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1997;106(7):594–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barczynski M, Konturek A, Stopa M, et al. Randomized controlled trial of visualization versus neuromonitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy. World J Surg. 2012;36:1340–1347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aina EN, Hisham AN. External laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery: recognition and surgical implications. ANZ J Surg. 2001;71(4):212–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lennquist S, Cahlin C, Smeds S. The superior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. Surgery. 1987;102:999–1008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randolph GW, Dralle H, Abdullah H, et al. Electrophysiologic recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: international standards guideline statement. Laryngoscope. 2011;121(S1):S1–S16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dionigi G, Kim HY, Randolph GW, et al. Prospective validation study of cernea classification for predicting EMG alterations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Surg Today. 2016;46(7):785–791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potenza AS, Phelan EA, Cernea CR, et al. Normative intra-operative electrophysiologic waveform analysis of superior laryngeal nerve external branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. World J Surgery. 2013;37(10):2336–2342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvan B, Babu S, Paul MJ, et al. Mapping the compound muscle action potentials of cricothyroid muscle using electromyography in thyroid operations: a novel method to clinically type the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Ann Surg. 2009;250(2):293–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellantone R, Boscherini M, Lombardi CP, et al. Is the identification of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve mandatory in thyroid operation? Results of a prospective randomized study. Surgery. 2001;130(6):1055–1059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu BL, Sanders I, Mu L, et al. The human communicating nerve. An extension of the external superior laryngeal nerve that innervates the vocal cord. Arch Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1994;120(12):1321–1328.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maranillo E, Leon X, Quer M, et al. Is the external laryngeal nerve an exclusively motor nerve? The cricothyroid connection branch. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(3):525–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilkenny C, Browne WJ, Cuthill IC, et al. Improving bioscience research reporting: the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol. 2010;8(6):e1000412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding P, Tufano RP, German RZ. Anatomical anomalies of the laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve in pigs (Sus scrofa). Lab Anim. 2012;46(4):338–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kambic V, Zargi M, Radsel Z. Topographic anatomy of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Its importance in head and neck surgery. J Laryngol Otol. 1984;98(11):1121–1124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bałuk P, Gabella G. Innervation of the guinea pig trachea: a quantitative morphological study of intrinsic neurons and extrinsic nerves. J Comp Neurol. 1989;285(1):117–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell EO, Samlan RA, McMullen NT, et al. Developmental changes in the connective tissues of the porcine recurrent laryngeal nerve. J Anat. 2013;222(6):625–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu CW, Lu IC, Randolph GW, et al. Investigation of optimal intensity and safety of electrical nerve stimulation during intraoperative neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: a prospective porcine model. Head Neck. 2010;32(10):1295–1301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun H, Dionigi G. Additions of neural monitoring for thyroid surgery. Endocr J. 2018;61(3):547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun H, Wu CW, Kim HY, et al. Neural monitoring represent central safety asset for new technologies in thyroid surgery in translational protocols. Am J Surgery. 2018. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.01.022.
   Google Scholar
• Hurtado-López LM, Díaz-Hernández PI, Basurto-Kuba E, et al. Efficacy of intraoperative neuro-monitoring to localize the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Thyroid. 2016;26(1):174–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavid M, Dubois MD, Larivé E, et al. Superior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery: anatomical identification and monitoring. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;274(9):3519–3526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu CW, Liu X, Barczyński M, et al. Optimal stimulation during monitored thyroid surgery: EMG response characteristics in a porcine model. Laryngoscopes. 2017;127(4):998–1005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar