References
- Danwang C, Mazou TN, Tochie JN, Nzalie RNT, Bigna JJ. Global prevalence and incidence of surgical site infections after appendectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open. 2018;8(8):e020101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020101.
- Ferris M, Quan S, Kaplan BS, et al. The Global incidence of appendicitis: A systematic review of population-based studies. Ann Surg. 2017;266(2):237–241. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002188.
- Pernazza F, Boldrini R. Il ricovero ospedaliero degli stranieri in Italia nell’anno 2000. Ministero della Salute. http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/documentazione/p6_2_2_1.jsp?id=373. 2003.
- Sammalkorpi HE, Mentula P, Leppaniemi A. A new adult appendicitis score improves diagnostic accuracy of acute appendicitis–a prospective study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14(1):114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-14-114.
- Omari AH, Khammash MR, Qasaimeh GR, Shammari AK, Yaseen MK, Hammori SK. Acute appendicitis in the elderly: risk factors for perforation. World J Emerg Surg. 2014;9(1):6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-7922-9-6.
- Blomqvist P, Ljung H, Nyren O, Ekbom A. Appendectomy in Sweden 1989–1993 assessed by the inpatient registry. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(10):859–865. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00065-1.
- Salahuddin O, Malik MA, Sajid MA, Azhar M, Dilawar O, Salahuddin A. Acute appendicitis in the elderly; Pakistan Ordnance Factories Hospital, Wah Cantt. experience. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012;62(9):946–949.
- Sartelli M, Baiocchi GL, Di Saverio S, et al. Prospective Observational Study on acute Appendicitis Worldwide (POSAW). World J Emerg Surg. 2018;13(1):19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-018-0179-0.
- Bhangu A, Soreide K, Di Saverio S, Assarsson JH, Drake FT. Acute appendicitis: modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet. 2015;386(10000):1278–1287. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00275-5.
- Smink DS, Fishman SJ, Kleinman K, Finkelstein JA. Effects of race, insurance status, and hospital volume on perforated appendicitis in children. Pediatrics. 2005;115(4):920–925. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1363.
- Rushing A, Bugaev N, Jones C, et al. Management of acute appendicitis in adults: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the surgery of trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;87(1):214–224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000002270.
- Gorter RR, Eker HH, Gorter-Stam MA, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis. EAES consensus development conference 2015. Surg Endosc. 2016;30(11):4668–4690. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-016-5245-7.
- Di Saverio S, Birindelli A, Kelly MD, et al. WSES Jerusalem guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2016;11(1):34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-016-0090-5.
- Guyatt G, Gutterman D, Baumann MH, et al. Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: report from an American College of chest physicians task force. Chest. 2006;129(1):174–181. doi:https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.129.1.174.
- Andersson RE. Meta-analysis of the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2004;91(1):28–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.4464.
- Yeh B. Evidence-based emergency medicine/rational clinical examination abstract. Does this adult patient have appendicitis? Ann Emerg Med. 2008;52(3):301–303. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.10.023.
- Sanders S, Doust J, Glasziou P. A systematic review of studies comparing diagnostic clinical prediction rules with clinical judgment. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0128233. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128233.
- Ghorbani A, Forouzesh M, Kazemifar AM. Variation in anatomical position of vermiform appendix among Iranian population: An old issue which has not lost its importance. Anat Res Int. 2014;2014:313575. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/313575.
- Wagner M, Tubre DJ, Asensio JA. Evolution and current trends in the management of acute appendicitis. Surg Clin North Am. 2018;98(5):1005–1023. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2018.05.006.
- Yoon HM, Kim JH, Lee JS, Ryu JM, Kim DY, Lee JY. Pediatric appendicitis with appendicolith often presents with prolonged abdominal pain and a high risk of perforation. World J Pediatr. 2018;14(2):184–190. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-018-0128-8.
- Lietzen E, Mallinen J, Gronroos JM, et al. Is preoperative distinction between complicated and uncomplicated acute appendicitis feasible without imaging? Surgery. 2016;160(3):789–795. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2016.04.021.
- Saaiq M, Niaz Ud D, Jalil A, Zubair M, Shah SA. Diagnostic accuracy of leukocytosis in prediction of acute appendicitis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2014;24(1):67–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.2014/JCPSP.6769.
- Atema JJ, Gans SL, Beenen LF, et al. Accuracy of white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels related to duration of symptoms in patients suspected of acute appendicitis. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22(9):1015–1024. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12746.
- Al-Gaithy ZK. Clinical value of total white blood cells and neutrophil counts in patients with suspected appendicitis: retrospective study. World J Emerg Surg. 2012;7(1):32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-7922-7-32.
- Soldo I, Radisic Biljak V, Bakula B, Bakula M, Simundic AM. The diagnostic accuracy of clinical and laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the adult emergency department population—a case control pilot study. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2018;28(3):30712. doi:https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2018.030712.
- Kaya B, Sana B, Eris C, Karabulut K, Bat O, Kutanis R. The diagnostic value of D-dimer, procalcitonin and CRP in acute appendicitis. Int J Med Sci. 2012;9(10):909–915. doi:https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.4733.
- Anielski R, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Szafraniec K. An evaluation of the utility of additional tests in the preoperative diagnostics of acute appendicitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2010;395(8):1061–1068. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-009-0565-x.
- Obayashi J, Ohyama K, Manabe S, et al. Are there reliable indicators predicting post-operative complications in acute appendicitis? Pediatr Surg Int. 2015;31(12):1189–1193. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-015-3786-9.
- Yu CW, Juan LI, Wu MH, Shen CJ, Wu JY, Lee CC. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and white blood cell count for suspected acute appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2013;100(3):322–329. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9008.
- Farooqui W, Pommergaard HC, Burcharth J, Eriksen JR. The diagnostic value of a panel of serological markers in acute appendicitis. Scand J Surg. 2015;104(2):72–78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496914529273.
- Sand M, Trullen XV, Bechara FG, et al. A prospective bicenter study investigating the diagnostic value of procalcitonin in patients with acute appendicitis. Eur Surg Res. 2009;43(3):291–297. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000232939.
- Khan AN, Sawan A, Likourezos A, Schnellinger M, Garcia E. The usefulness of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of appendicitis in children: a pilot study. Emerg Med Int. 2012;2012:1–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/317504.
- Shogilev DJ, Duus N, Odom SR, Shapiro NI. Diagnosing appendicitis: evidence-based review of the diagnostic approach in 2014. WestJEM. 2014;15(7):859–871. doi:https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2014.9.21568.
- Pyo JS, Cho WJ. Mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platelet count in varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;38(6):2239–2246. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000445579.
- Dinc B, Oskay A, Dinc SE, Bas B, Tekin S. New parameter in diagnosis of acute appendicitis: platelet distribution width. WJG. 2015;21(6):1821–1826. doi:https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i6.1821.
- Uyanik B, Kavalci C, Arslan ED, et al. Role of mean platelet volume in diagnosis of childhood acute appendicitis. Emerg Med Int. 2012;2012:1–4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/823095.
- Aktürk Y, Güneş S, Hekimoğlu B. The correlation between laboratory markers and computed tomography severity index in acute appendicitis. Annali Italiani di Chirurgia. 2017;6:56–61.
- Giannis D, Matenoglou E, Moris D. Hyponatremia as a marker of complicated appendicitis: A systematic review. Surgeon. 2020. In press.
- Boshnak N, Boshnaq M, Elgohary H. Evaluation of platelet indices and red cell distribution width as new biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. J Invest Surg. 2018;31(2):121–129. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08941939.2017.1284964.
- Chen CF, Y S, Tan KH. Acute appendicitis during pregnancy. J Med Sci. 1999;19:256–262.
- Segev L, Segev Y, Rayman S, Nissan A, Sadot E. Acute appendicitis during pregnancy: different from the nonpregnant state? World J Surg. 2017;41(1):75–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-016-3731-7.
- Imler D, Keller C, Sivasankar S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging versus ultrasound as the initial imaging modality for pediatric and young adult patients with suspected appendicitis. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(5):569–577. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13180.
- Jearwattanakanok K, Yamada S, Suntornlimsiri W, Smuthtai W, Patumanond J. Validation of the diagnostic score for acute lower abdominal pain in women of reproductive age. Emerg Med Int. 2014;2014:1–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/320926.
- Jung JY, Na JU, Han SK, Choi PC, Lee JH, Shin DH. Differential diagnoses of magnetic resonance imaging for suspected acute appendicitis in pregnant patients. World J Emerg Med. 2018;9(1):26–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2018.01.004.
- Torrance AD, Powell SL, Griffiths EA. Emergency surgery in the elderly: challenges and solutions. Open Access Emerg Med. 2015;7:55–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/OAEM.S68324.
- Sirikurnpiboon S, Amornpornchareon S. Factors associated with perforated appendicitis in elderly patients in a tertiary care hospital. Surg Res Pract. 2015;2015:847681. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/847681.
- Elangovan S. Clinical and laboratory findings in acute appendicitis in the elderly. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1996;9(2):75–78.
- Benito J, Acedo Y, Medrano L, Barcena E, Garay RP, Arri EA. Usefulness of new and traditional serum biomarkers in children with suspected appendicitis. Am J Emerg Med. 2016;34(5):871–876. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.011.
- Samuel M. Pediatric appendicitis score. J Pediatr Surg. 2002;37(6):877–881. doi:https://doi.org/10.1053/jpsu.2002.32893.
- Glass CC, Rangel SJ. Overview and diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2016;25(4):198–203. doi:https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2016.05.001.
- Poortman P, Oostvogel HJ, Bosma E, et al. Improving diagnosis of acute appendicitis: results of a diagnostic pathway with standard use of ultrasonography followed by selective use of CT. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208(3):434–441. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.12.003.
- Watters JM. The appendicitis inflammatory response score: a tool for the diagnosis of appendicitis that outperforms the Alvarado score. World J Surg. 2008;32(8):1850–1850. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-008-9646-1.
- Sayed AO, Zeidan NS, Fahmy DM, Ibrahim HA. Diagnostic reliability of pediatric appendicitis score, ultrasound and low-dose computed tomography scan in children with suspected acute appendicitis. TCRM. 2017;Volume 13:847–854. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S134153.
- Lin JA, Liao CC, Lee YJ, Wu CH, Huang WQ, Chen TL. Adverse outcomes after major surgery in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(9):1646–1651. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202758.
- Lodwick DL, Cooper JN, Kenney B, Deans KJ, Minneci PC, Thakkar RK. Lymphocyte depression as a predictor of postoperative intraabdominal abscess after appendectomy in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2017;52(1):93–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.028.
- Chong CF, Adi MI, Thien A, Suyoi A, et al. Development of the RIPASA score: a new appendicitis scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Singapore Med J. 2010;51(3):220–225.
- Frountzas M, Stergios K, Kopsini D, Schizas D, Kontzoglou K, Toutouzas K. Alvarado or RIPASA score for diagnosis of acute appendicitis? A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Int J Surg. 2018;56:307–314. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.07.003.
- Karami MY, Niakan H, Zadebagheri N, Mardani P, Shayan Z, Deilami I. Which one is better? Comparison of the acute inflammatory response, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha appendicitis and Alvarado scoring systems. Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(6):227–231. doi:https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.6.227.
- Man E, Simonka Z, Varga A, Rarosi F, Lazar G. Impact of the Alvarado score on the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: comparing clinical judgment, Alvarado score, and a new modified score in suspected appendicitis: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Surg Endosc. 2014;28(8):2398–2405. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3488-8.
- Ohle R, O'Reilly F, O'Brien KK, Fahey T, Dimitrov BD. The Alvarado score for predicting acute appendicitis: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2011;9(1):139. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-9-139.
- Maghrebi H, Maghraoui H, Makni A, et al. Role of the Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Pan Afr Med J. 2018;29:56. doi:https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2018.29.56.14011.
- Tan WJ, Acharyya S, Goh YC, et al. Prospective comparison of the Alvarado score and CT scan in the evaluation of suspected appendicitis: a proposed algorithm to guide CT use. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220(2):218–224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.10.010.
- de Castro SM, Unlu C, Steller EP, van Wagensveld BA, Vrouenraets BC. Evaluation of the appendicitis inflammatory response score for patients with acute appendicitis. World J Surg. 2012;36(7):1540–1545. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-012-1521-4.
- Kollar D, McCartan DP, Bourke M, Cross KS, Dowdall J. Predicting acute appendicitis? A comparison of the Alvarado score, the appendicitis inflammatory response score and clinical assessment. World J Surg. 2015;39(1):104–109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-014-2794-6.
- Scott AJ, Mason SE, Arunakirinathan M, Reissis Y, Kinross JM, Smith JJ. Risk stratification by the appendicitis inflammatory response score to guide decision-making in patients with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2015;102(5):563–572. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9773.
- Andersson M, STRAPPSCORE Study Group, Kolodziej B, Andersson RE, Group SS. Randomized clinical trial of appendicitis inflammatory response score-based management of patients with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2017;104(11):1451–1461. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10637.
- Kulik DM, Uleryk EM, Maguire JL. Does this child have appendicitis? A systematic review of clinical prediction rules for children with acute abdominal pain. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66(1):95–104. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.09.004.
- Kularatna M, Lauti M, Haran C, et al. Clinical prediction rules for appendicitis in adults: which is best? World J Surg. 2017;41(7):1769–1781. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-017-3926-6.
- Banghu A, and RIFT Study Group on behalf of the West Midlands Researche Collaborative. Evaluation of appendiciti risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2020;107:73–86.
- Barrett ML, Hines AL, Andrews RM. Trends in Rates of Perforated Appendix, 2001–2010: Statistical Brief #159. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs. Rockville (MD) 2006.
- Kelly KN, Fleming FJ, Aquina CT, et al. Disease severity, not operative approach, drives organ space infection after pediatric appendectomy. Ann Surg. 2014;260(3):466–471. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000000874.
- Canal C, Lempert M, Birrer DL, Neuhaus V, Turina M. Short-term outcome after appendectomy is related to preoperative delay but not to the time of day of the procedure: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 9224 patients. Int J Surg. 2020;76:16–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.001.
- Imran JB, Madni TD, Minshall CT, et al. Predictors of a histopathologic diagnosis of complicated appendicitis. J Surg Res. 2017;214:197–202. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.02.051.
- Cameron DB, Anandalwar SP, Graham DA, et al. Development and implications of an evidence-based and public health-relevant definition of complicated appendicitis in children. Ann Surg. 2018. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000003059. In press.
- Salo M, Marungruang N, Roth B, et al. Evaluation of the microbiome in children’s appendicitis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017;32(1):19–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-016-2639-x.
- Humes DJ, Simpson J. Acute appendicitis. BMJ. 2006;333(7567):530–534. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38940.664363.AE.
- Frazee RC, Abernathy SW, Isbell CL, Isbell T, Regner JL, Smith RD. Outpatient laparoscopic appendectomy: is it time to end the discussion? J Am Coll Surg. 2016;222(4):473–477. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.053.
- Cheng Y, Zhou S, Zhou R, et al. Abdominal drainage to prevent intra-peritoneal abscess after open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2:CD010168.
- Busch M, Gutzwiller FS, Aellig S, Kuettel R, Metzger U, Zingg U. In-hospital delay increases the risk of perforation in adults with appendicitis. World J Surg. 2011;35(7):1626–1633. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-1101-z.
- Papandria D, Goldstein SD, Rhee D, et al. Risk of perforation increases with delay in recognition and surgery for acute appendicitis. J Surg Res. 2013;184(2):723–729. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2012.12.008.
- Augustin T, Cagir B, Vandermeer TJ. Characteristics of perforated appendicitis: effect of delay is confounded by age and gender. J Gastrointest Surg. 2011;15(7):1223–1231. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-011-1486-x.
- Shin CS, Roh YN, Kim JI. Delayed appendectomy versus early appendectomy in the treatment of acute appendicitis: a retrospective study. World J Emerg Surg. 2014;9(1):8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-7922-9-8.
- Ingraham AM, Cohen ME, Bilimoria KY, et al. Effect of delay to operation on outcomes in adults with acute appendicitis. Arch Surg. 2010;145(9):886–892. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.2010.184.
- Collaborative TUKNSR. Safety of short, in-hospital delays before surgery for acute appendicitis: multicentre cohort study, systematic review, and meta-Analysis. Ann Surg. 2014;259(5):894–903.
- Drake FT, Mottey NE, Farrokhi ET, et al. Time to appendectomy and risk of perforation in acute appendicitis. JAMA Surg. 2014;149(8):837–844. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2014.77.
- Partelli S, Beg S, Brown J, Vyas S, Kocher HM. Alteration in emergency theatre prioritisation does not alter outcome for acute appendicitis: comparative cohort study. World J Emerg Surg. 2009;4(1):22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-7922-4-22.
- Liu K, Fogg L. Use of antibiotics alone for treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgery. 2011;150(4):673–683. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2011.08.018.
- Ceresoli M, Zucchi A, Allievi N, et al. Acute appendicitis: Epidemiology, treatment and outcomes- analysis of 16544 consecutive cases. WJGS. 2016;8(10):693–699. doi:https://doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v8.i10.693.
- Andersson RE. The natural history and traditional management of appendicitis revisited: spontaneous resolution and predominance of prehospital perforations imply that a correct diagnosis is more important than an early diagnosis. World J Surg. 2007;31(1):86–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-006-0056-y.
- Teixeira PG, Sivrikoz E, Inaba K, Talving P, Lam L, Demetriades D. Appendectomy timing: waiting until the next morning increases the risk of surgical site infections. Ann Surg. 2012;256(3):538–543. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e318265ea13.
- Giraudo G, Baracchi F, Pellegrino L, Dal Corso HM, Borghi F. Prompt or delayed appendectomy? Influence of timing of surgery for acute appendicitis. Surg Today. 2013;43(4):392–396. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-012-0250-5.
- Eko FN, Ryb GE, Drager L, Goldwater E, Wu JJ, Counihan TC. Ideal timing of surgery for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. North Am J Med Sci. 2013;5(1):22–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.106186.
- Ditillo MF, Dziura JD, Rabinovici R. Is it safe to delay appendectomy in adults with acute appendicitis? Ann Surg. 2006;244(5):656–660. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000231726.53487.dd.
- Sallinen V, Akl EA, You JJ, et al. Meta-analysis of antibiotics versus appendicectomy for non-perforated acute appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2016;103(6):656–667. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10147.
- Styrud J, Eriksson S, Nilsson I, et al. Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment in acute appendicitis. a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial. World J Surg. 2006;30(6):1033–1037. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-005-0304-6.
- Daskalakis K, Juhlin C, Pahlman L. The use of pre- or postoperative antibiotics in surgery for appendicitis: a systematic review. Scand J Surg. 2014;103(1):14–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496913497433.
- Yang HR, Wang YC, Chung PK, Jeng LB, Chen RJ. Laparoscopic appendectomy using the LigaSure vessel sealing system. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2005;15(4):353–356. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/lap.2005.15.353.
- Ravari H, Jangjoo A, Motamedifar J, Moazzami K. Oral metronidazole as antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with nonperforated appendicitis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2011;4:273–276. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S18153.
- Sadraei-Moosavi SM, Nikhbakhsh N, Darzi AA. Postoperative antibiotic therapy after appendectomy in patients with non-perforated appendicitis. Caspian J Intern Med. 2017;8(2):104–107. doi:https://doi.org/10.22088/cjim.8.2.104.
- Flum DR. Clinical practice. Acute appendicitis–appendectomy or the “antibiotics first” strategy. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(20):1937–1943. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1215006.
- Howell JM, Eddy OL, Lukens TW, Thiessen ME, Weingart SD, Decker WW. Clinical policy: Critical issues in the evaluation and management of emergency department patients with suspected appendicitis. Ann Emerg Med. 2010;55(1):71–116. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.10.004.
- Andersen BR, Kallehave FL, Andersen HK. Antibiotics versus placebo for prevention of postoperative infection after appendectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;3:CD001439.
- Taleb M, Nardi N, Arnaud A, et al. Simplification of first-line antibacterial regimen for complicated appendicitis in children is associated with better adherence to guidelines and reduced use of antibiotics. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018;52(2):293–296. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.04.010.
- Coakley BA, Sussman ES, Wolfson TS, et al. Postoperative antibiotics correlate with worse outcomes after appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;213(6):778–783. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.08.018.
- Kim DY, Nassiri N, Saltzman DJ, et al. Postoperative antibiotics are not associated with decreased wound complications among patients undergoing appendectomy for complicated appendicitis. Am J Surg. 2015;210(6):983–987; discussion 7-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.07.001.
- Taylor E, Dev V, Shah D, Festekjian J, Gaw F. Complicated appendicitis: is there a minimum intravenous antibiotic requirement? A prospective randomized trial. Am Surg. 2000;66(9):887–890.
- van Wijck K, de Jong JR, van Heurn LW, van der Zee DC. Prolonged antibiotic treatment does not prevent intra-abdominal abscesses in perforated appendicitis. World J Surg. 2010;34(12):3049–3053. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-010-0767-y.
- Yu TC, Hamill JK, Evans SM, et al. Duration of postoperative intravenous antibiotics in childhood complicated appendicitis: a propensity score-matched comparison study. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2014;24(4):341–349. doi:https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1349055.
- Bakker OJ, Go PM, Puylaert JB, Kazemier G, Heij HA. Werkgroup en klankbordgroup Richtlijn acute a. [Guideline on diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: imaging prior to appendectomy is recommended]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2010;154:A303.
- Rafiq MS, Khan MM, Khan A, Jan H. Evaluation of postoperative antibiotics after non-perforated appendectomy. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015;65(8):815–817.
- Athanasiou C, Lockwood S, Markides GA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy in adults with complicated appendicitis: an update of the literature. World J Surg. 2017;41(12):3083–3099. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-017-4123-3.
- Haijanen J, on behalf of the APPAC study group, Sippola S, Gronroos J, Rautio T, Nordstrom P, Rantanen T, et al. Optimising the antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: a protocol for a multicentre randomised clinical trial (APPAC II trial). BMC Surg. 2018;18(1):117. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-018-0451-y.
- Sippola S, Haijanen J, Viinikainen L, et al. Quality of life and patient satisfaction at 7-year follow-up of antibiotic therapy vs appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2020. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.6028. In press.
- Harnoss JC, Zelienka I, Probst P, et al. Antibiotics versus surgical therapy for uncomplicated appendicitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials (PROSPERO 2015: CRD42015016882). Ann Surg. 2017;265(5):889–900. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002039.
- Podda M, The ACTUAA Study Collaborative Working Group, Serventi F, Mortola L, Marini S, Sirigu D, Piga M, et al. A prospective non-randomized controlled, multicenter trial comparing appendectomy and conservative treatment for patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis (the ACTUAA study). Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017;32(11):1649–1660. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-017-2878-5.
- Newhall K, Albright B, Tosteson A, Ozanne E, Trus T, Goodney PP. Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic appendectomy: a Markov model. Surg Endosc. 2017;31(9):3596–3604. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-016-5391-y.
- Ukai T, Shikata S, Takeda H, et al. Evidence of surgical outcomes fluctuates over time: results from a cumulative meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for acute appendicitis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2016;16(1):37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-016-0453-0.
- Gaitan HG, Reveiz L, Farquhar C, Elias VM. Laparoscopy for the management of acute lower abdominal pain in women of childbearing age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;5:CD007683.
- Liu Z, Zhang P, Ma Y, et al. Laparoscopy or not: a meta-analysis of the surgical effects of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2010;20(6):362–370. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLE.0b013e3182006f40.
- Woodham BL, Cox MR, Eslick GD. Evidence to support the use of laparoscopic over open appendicectomy for obese individuals: a meta-analysis. Surg Endosc. 2012;26(9):2566–2570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2233-4.
- Aziz O, Athanasiou T, Tekkis PP, Purkayastha S, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2006;243(1):17–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000193602.74417.14.
- Andersson RE. Short-term complications and long-term morbidity of laparoscopic and open appendicectomy in a national cohort. Br J Surg. 2014;101(9):1135–1142. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9552.
- Wei B, Qi CL, Chen TF, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for acute appendicitis: a metaanalysis. Surg Endosc. 2011;25(4):1199–1208. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-010-1344-z.
- Markides G, Subar D, Riyad K. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in adults with complicated appendicitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg. 2010;34(9):2026–2040. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-010-0669-z.
- Bennett J, Boddy A, Rhodes M. Choice of approach for appendicectomy: a meta-analysis of open versus laparoscopic appendicectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2007;17(4):245–255. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLE.0b013e318058a117.
- Dai L, Shuai J. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in adults and children: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. United European Gastroenterol J. 2017;5(4):542–553. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640616661931.
- Yeh CC, Wu SC, Liao CC, Su LT, Hsieh CH, Li TC. Laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis is more favorable for patients with comorbidities, the elderly, and those with complicated appendicitis: a nationwide population-based study. Surg Endosc. 2011;25(9):2932–2942. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-011-1645-x.
- Ciarrocchi A, Amicucci G. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in obese patients: A meta-analysis of prospective and retrospective studies. J Min Access Surg. 2014;10(1):4–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-9941.124451.
- Xiao Y, Shi G, Zhang J, et al. Surgical site infection after laparoscopic and open appendectomy: a multicenter large consecutive cohort study. Surg Endosc. 2015;29(6):1384–1393. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3809-y.
- Korndorffer JR, Jr., Fellinger E, Reed W. SAGES guideline for laparoscopic appendectomy. Surg Endosc. 2010;24(4):757–761. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-009-0632-y.
- Mannu GS, Sudul MK, Bettencourt-Silva JH, et al. Closure methods of the appendix stump for complications during laparoscopic appendectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;11:CD006437doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006437.pub3.
- Lee JS, Hong TH. Comparison of various methods of mesoappendix dissection in laparoscopic appendectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2014;24(1):28–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/lap.2013.0374.
- Gupta V, Singh SP, Singh SP, Bansal M, Pandey A. Sutureless appendectomy by using harmonic scalpel: is it possible? J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2020. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/lap.2019.0782. In press.
- Markar SR, Karthikesalingam A, Di Franco F, Harris AM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of single-incision versus conventional multiport appendicectomy. Br J Surg. 2013;100(13):1709–1718. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9296.
- Zhao L, Liao Z, Feng S, Wu P, Chen G. Single-incision versus conventional laparoscopic appendicectomy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2015;31(4):347–353. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-015-3680-5.
- Aly OE, Black DH, Rehman H, Ahmed I. Single incision laparoscopic appendicectomy versus conventional three-port laparoscopic appendicectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2016;35:120–128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.09.087.
- St Peter SD, Holcomb GW. 3rd. Should peritoneal lavage be used with suction during laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis? Adv Surg. 2013;47:111–118. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yasu.2013.04.002.
- Frutos MD, Abrisqueta J, Lujan J, Abellan I, Parrilla P. Randomized prospective study to compare laparoscopic appendectomy versus umbilical single-incision appendectomy. Ann Surg. 2013;257(3):413–418. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e318278d225.
- Sozutek A, Colak T, Dirlik M, Ocal K, Turkmenoglu O, Dag A. A prospective randomized comparison of single-port laparoscopic procedure with open and standard 3-port laparoscopic procedures in the treatment of acute appendicitis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2013;23(1):74–78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLE.0b013e3182754543.
- Abdulhamid AK, Sarker SJ. Is abdominal drainage after open emergency appendectomy for complicated appendicitis beneficial or waste of money? A single centre retrospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2018;36:168–172. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2018.10.040.
- Rollins MD, Chan KJ, Price RR. Laparoscopy for appendicitis and cholelithiasis during pregnancy: a new standard of care. Surg Endosc. 2004;18(2):237–241. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-003-8811-8.
- Machado NO, Grant CS. Laparoscopic appendicectomy in all trimesters of pregnancy. JSLS. 2009;13(3):384–390.
- Fujishiro J, Fujiogi M, Hirahara N, et al. Abdominal Drainage at Appendectomy for Complicated Appendicitis in Children: A Propensity-matched Comparative Study. Ann Surg. 2020. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000003804. In press.
- Gomes CA, Sartelli M, Di Saverio S, et al. Acute appendicitis: proposal of a new comprehensive grading system based on clinical, imaging and laparoscopic findings. World J Emerg Surg. 2015;10(1):60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-015-0053-2.
- Podda M, Cillara N, Di Saverio S, et al. Antibiotics-first strategy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults is associated with increased rates of peritonitis at surgery. A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing appendectomy and non-operative management with antibiotics. Surgeon. 2017;15(5):303–314. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2017.02.001.
- Nataraja RM, Loukogeorgakis SP, Sherwood WJ, Clarke SA, Haddad MJ. The incidence of intraabdominal abscess formation following laparoscopic appendicectomy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2013;23(9):795–802. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/lap.2012.0522.
- Cox TC, Huntington CR, Blair LJ, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy versus open: a study in 1999 pregnant patients. Surg Endosc. 2016;30(2):593–602. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-015-4244-4.
- Cheng H-T, Wang Y-C, Lo H-C, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy in pregnancy: a population-based analysis of maternal outcome. Surg Endosc. 2015;29(6):1394–1399. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3810-5.
- Chu DI, Tan JM, Mattei P, et al. Outcomes of laparoscopic and open surgery in children with and without congenital heart disease. J Pediatr Surg. 2018;53(10):1980–1988. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.10.052.
- Walsh CA, Tang T, Walsh SR. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy in pregnancy: a systematic review. Int J Surg. 2008;6(4):339–344. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2008.01.006.
- Carpenter SG, Chapital AB, Merritt MV, Johnson DJ. Increased risk of neoplasm in appendicitis treated with interval appendectomy: single-institution experience and literature review. Am Surg. 2012;78(3):339–343.
- Hamminga JT, Hofker HS, Broens PM, Kluin PM, Heineman E, Haveman JW. Evaluation of the appendix during diagnostic laparoscopy, the laparoscopic appendicitis score: a pilot study. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(5):1594–1600. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2634-4.
- Practice ACoG. ACOG Committee Opinion #323: Elective coincidental appendectomy. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(5 Pt 1):1141–1142.
- Phillips AW, Jones AE, Sargen K. Should the macroscopically normal appendix be removed during laparoscopy for acute right iliac fossa pain when no other explanatory pathology is found? Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2009;19(5):392–394. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/SLE.0b013e3181b71957.