Partial Stories: Repeat Photography, Narratives and Environmental Change in Tanzania

REFERENCES

• Adger, W. Neil, Tor A. Benjaminsen, Katrina Brown, and Hanne Svarstad. 2001. “Advancing a Political Ecology of Global Environmental Discourses.” Development and Change 32 (4):681–715. doi: 10.1111/1467-7660.00222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal, Arun. 2005. Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Augenstein, Patrick. 2017. “Reframing Restoration—Rwanda Re-photographed 100 Years Later, or The Reconstruction of Landscape Memory.” Ph.D. diss. in Geography, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Baumann, Oscar. 1891. Usambara und seine Nachbargebiete. Berlin, Germany: Dietrich Reimer.
   Google Scholar
• Biginagwa, Thomas John. 2012. “Historical Archaeology of the Nineteenth-Century Caravan Trade in Northeastern Tanzania: A Zooarchaeological Perspective.” Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 47 (3):405–06. doi: 10.1080/0067270X.2012.707482.
   Google Scholar
• Boerma, Pauline. 2006. “Assessing Forest Cover Change in Eritrea—A Historical Perspective.” Mountain Research and Development 26 (1):41–47. doi: 10.1659/0276-4741(2006)026[0041:AFCCIE]2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley, Liam. 2014. “Photography and Photo-Elicitation after Colonialism.” Cultural Anthropology 29 (4):720–43. doi: 10.14506/ca29.4.07.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carswell, Grace. 2007. Cultivating Success in Uganda. Oxford, UK: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Cerney, Dawna L. 2010. “The Use of Repeat Photography in Contemporary Geomorphic Studies: An Evolving Approach to Understanding Landscape Change.” Geography Compass 4 (9):1339–57. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2010.00376.x.
   Google Scholar
• Cleaver, Kevin, et al. 1992. “Deforestation in the Western and Central African Forest: The Agricultural and Demographic Causes, and Some Solutions.” In Conservation of West and Central African Rainforests, World Bank Environment Paper, vol. 1., ed. Kevin Cleaver, 65–78. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Clifford, James, and George E. Marcus (eds.). 1986. Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cline-Cole, Reginald. 1996. “Dryland Forestry. Manufacturing Forests and Farming Trees in Nigeria.” In The Lie of the Land. Challenging Received Wisdom on the African Environment, edited by Melissa Leach and Robin Mearns, 122–39. London, UK: International African Institute, in association with James Currey (Oxford) and Heinemann (Portsmouth, N.H.).
   Google Scholar
• Collins, Samuel Gerald, Matthew Durington, and Harjant Gill. 2017. “Multimodality: An Invitation.” American Anthropologist 119 (1):142–46. doi: 10.1111/aman.12826.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conte, Christopher Allan 2004. Highland Sanctuary: Environmental History in Tanzania's Usambara Mountains. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coutu, Ashley N. 2015. “The Elephant in the Room: Mapping the Footsteps of Historic Elephants with Big Game Hunting Collections.” World Archaeology 47 (3):486–503. doi: 10.1080/00438243.2015.1016184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dattatreyan, Ethiraj Gabriel, and Isaac Marrero-Guillamón. 2019. “Introduction: Multimodal Anthropology and the Politics of Invention.” American Anthropologist 121 (1):220–28. doi: 10.1111/aman.13183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Castro, Eduardo Viveiros. 1998. “Cosmological Deixis and Amerindian Perspectivism.” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 4 (3):469–88. doi: 10.2307/3034157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, Elizabeth. 1992. Anthropology and Photography, 1860–1920. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press in association with the Royal Anthropological Institute, London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Elkins, James. 2011. What Photography Is. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fairhead, James, and Melissa Leach. 1996. Misreading the African Landscape. Society and Ecology in a Forest-Savanna Mosaic. (African Studies Series, 90). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fairhead, James, and Melissa Leach. 2003. Science, Society and Power. Environmental Knowledge and Policy in West Africa and the Caribbean. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fernyhough, Charles. 2012. Pieces of Light: The New Science of Memory. London, UK: Profile.
   Google Scholar
• Håkannson, N. Thomas. 1995. “Irrigation, Population Pressure and Exchange in Precolonial Pare, Tanzania.” Research in Economic Anthropology 16:297–323.
   Google Scholar
• Håkannson, N. Thomas. 1998. “Rulers and Rainmakers in Precolonial South Pare, Tanzania: Exchange and Ritual Experts in Political Centralization.” Ethnology 37:263–83.
   Google Scholar
• Haraway, Donna. 2016. Staying with the Trouble. Making Kin in the Chthulucnene. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heckmann, Matthias. 2011. “Soil Erosion History and Past Human Land Use in the North Pare Mountains. A Geoarchaeological Study of Slope Deposits in N.E. Tanzania.” PhD diss. in Archaeology, University of York, York, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, M. Timm, and Richard Frederick Rohde. 2011. “Rivers through Time: Historical Changes in the Riparian Vegetation of the Semi-Arid, Winter Rainfall Region of South Africa in Response to Climate and Land Use.” Journal of the History of Biology 44 (1):59–80. doi: 10.1007/s10739-010-9246-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeno, Jun. 2007. “The Declining Coffee Economy and Low Population Growth in Mwanga District, Tanzania.” African Study Monographs 35:3–39.
   Google Scholar
• Iles, Tinen L., Daryl Stump, Matthias Heckmann, Chim C. Lang, and Paul J. Lane. 2018. “Iron Production in North Pare, Tanzania: Archaeometallurgical and Geoarchaeological Perspectives on Landscape Change.” African Archaeological Review 35 (4):507–30. doi: 10.1007/s10437-018-9312-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimambo, Isaria N. 1969. A Political History of the Pare of Tanzania, c. 1500–1900. Nairobi, Kenya: East African Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Kimambo, Isaria N. 1991. Penetration and Protest in Tanzania. London, UK: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Kimambo, Isaria N. 1996. “Environmental Control and Hunger in the Mountains and Plains of Nineteenth-Century Northeastern Tanzania.” In Custodians of the Land: Ecology and Culture in the History of Tanzania, ed. Gregory Maddox, James Giblin and Isaria N. Kimambo, 71–95. London, UK: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Kull, Christian A. 2005. “Historical Landscape Repeat Photography as a Tool for Land Use Change Research.” Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift – Norwegian Journal of Geography 59 (4):253–68. doi: 10.1080/00291950500375443.
   Google Scholar
• Latour, Bruno. 2014. “Agency at the Time of the Anthropocene.” New Literary History 45 (1):1–18. doi: 10.1353/nlh.2014.0003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach, Melissa, and Robin Mearns (eds.). 1996. The Lie of the Land. Challenging Received Wisdom on the African Environment. Oxford, UK: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Murton, John. 1999. “Population Growth and Poverty in Machakos District.” The Geographical Journal 165 (1):37–46. doi: 10.2307/3060509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwanukuzi, Phillip K. 2009. “Impact of Eucalyptus and Pine Growing on Rural Livelihood: The Lesson from Bukoba Area, North Western Tanzania.” African Journal of Ecology 47 (1):105–109. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.01056.x.
   Google Scholar
• National Botanical Gardens of South Africa. 1959. The Green Cancers of South Africa: The Menace of Alien Vegetation. Cape Town, South Africa: Kirstenbosch.
   Google Scholar
• Rohde, Richard F., and M. Timm Hoffman. 2012. “The Historical Ecology of Namibian Rangelands: Vegetation Change since 1876 in Response to Local and Global Drivers.” The Science of the Total Environment 416:276–88. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudiak-Gould, Peter. 2014. “Climate Change and Accusation: Global Warming and Local Blame in a Small Island State.” Current Anthropology 55 (4):365–86. doi: 10.1086/676969.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, Jennifer, and David Ward. 2014. “Vegetation Change in Northern Kwazulu-Natal since the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879: Local or Global Drivers?” African Journal of Range & Forage Science 31 (2):89–105. doi: 10.2989/10220119.2013.827740.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheridan, Michael J. 2000. The Sacred Forests of North Pare, Tanzania: Indigenous Conservation, Local Politics, and Land Tenure. Boston, MA: Boston University African Studies Center.
   Google Scholar
• Sheridan, Michael J. 2001. “Cooling the Land: The Political Ecology of the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania.” Ph.D. thesis, Boston University, Boston, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Sheridan, Michael J. 2002. “An Irrigation Intake is like a Uterus: Culture and Agriculture in Precolonial North Pare, Tanzania.” American Anthropologist 104 (1):79–92. doi: 10.1525/aa.2002.104.1.79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheridan, Michael J. 2004. “The Environmental Consequences of Independence and Socialism in North Pare, Tanzania, 1961–88.” The Journal of African History 45 (1):81–102. doi: 10.1017/S0021853703008521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheridan, Michael J. 2012. “Global Warming and Global War: Tanzanian Farmers' Discourse on Climate and Political Disorder.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 6 (2):230–45. doi: 10.1080/17531055.2012.669572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheridan, Michael J., and Celia Nyamweru (eds.). 2007. African Sacred Groves: Ecological Dynamics and Social Change. Oxford, UK: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Trudi. 2007. “Repeat Photography as a Method in Visual Anthropology.” Visual Anthropology 20 (2–3):179–200. doi: 10.1080/08949460601152815.
   Google Scholar
• Snyder, Katherine A. 1996. “Agrarian Change and Land-Use Strategies among Iraqw Farmers in Northern Tanzania.” Human Ecology 24 (3):315–40. doi: 10.1007/BF02169393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spear, Thomas. 1997. Mountain Farmers: Moral Economies of Land and Development in Arusha and Meru. Oxford, UK: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, Sian. 2016. “Beyond the Money Shot; or How Framing Nature Matters? Locating Green at Wildscreen.” Environmental Communication 10 (6):749–62. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2016.1221839.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen, Dana C. 2015. “Seeing is Questioning: Prompting Sustainability Discourses through an Evocative Visual Agenda.” Ecology and Society 20 (4):9–18. doi: 10.5751/ES-07925-200409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiffen, Mary, Michael Mortimore, and Francis Gichuki. 1994. More People, Less Erosion: Environmental Recovery in Kenya. Chichester, UK: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Vium, Christian. 2018. “Temporal Dialogues: Collaborative Photographic Re-Enactments as a Form of Cultural Critique.” Visual Anthropology 31 (4-5):355–75. doi: 10.1080/08949468.2018.1497331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Hellermann, Pauline. 2016a. “Landscape Change, Narratives and Memory in the Pare Mountains of Tanzania.” Paper given at the Department of History, University of Hamburg, 16 June. Hamburg: Department of History, Hamburg University.
   Google Scholar
• von Hellermann, Pauline. 2016b. “Tree Symbolism and Conservation in the South Pare Mountains, Tanzania.” Conservation and Society 14 (4):368–379. doi: 10.4103/0972-4923.197615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, David, M. Timm Hoffman, and Sarah J. Collocott. 2014. “A Century of Woody Plant Encroachment in the Dry Kimberley Savanna of South Africa.” African Journal of Range & Forage Science 31 (2):107–121. doi: 10.2989/10220119.2014.914974.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, Robert H., Diane E. Boyer, and Raymond M. Turner. 2010. Repeat Photography: Methods and Applications in the Natural Sciences. Washington, DC, and London. UK: Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yasu, Hiromi. 1999. “The Diffusion Process of Planting Grevillea Robusta among Rural Households in North-Central Tanzania.” African Study Monographs 20 (3):119–145.
   Google Scholar