742
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
What Might Trauma Mean in Our Relationships?

The Relations Between Traumatic Exposures, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Anger in Male and Female Veterans

Pages 188-201 | Received 20 Dec 2010, Accepted 29 Jun 2011, Published online: 07 Sep 2011

REFERENCES

  • Baker , D. G. , Heppner , P. , Afari , N. , Nunnink , S. , Kilmer , M. , Simmons , A. and Bosse , B. 2009 . Trauma exposure, branch of service, and physical injury in relation to mental health among U.S. veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan . Military Medicine , 174 : 773 – 778 .
  • Beckham , J. C. , Calhoun , P. S. , Glenn , D. M. and Barefoot , J. C. 2002 . Posttraumatic stress disorder, hostility, and health in women: A review of current research . Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 24 : 219 – 228 .
  • Beckham , J. C. , Feldman , M. E. and Kirby , A. C. 1998 . Atrocities exposure in Vietnam combat veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: Relationship to combat exposure, symptom severity, guilt, and interpersonal violence . Journal of Trauma Stress , 11 : 777 – 785 .
  • Beckham , J. C. , Feldman , M. E. , Kirby , A. C. , Hertzberg , M. A. and Moore , S. D. 1997 . Interpersonal violence and its correlates in Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 53 : 859 – 869 .
  • Bell , E. A. , Roth , M. A. and Weed , G. 1998 . Wartime stressors and health outcomes: Women in the Persian Gulf War . Journal of Psychosocial Nursing Mental Health Services , 36 ( 8 ) : 19 – 25 .
  • Bourke , J. 1999 . An intimate history of killing , London, , UK : Granta Books .
  • Butterfield , M. I. , Forneris , C. A. , Feldman , M. E. and Beckham , J. C. 2000 . Hostility and functional health status in women veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: A preliminary study . Journal of Trauma Stress , 13 : 735 – 741 .
  • Chemtob , C. M. , Hamada , R. S. , Roitblat , H. L. and Muraoka , M. Y. 1994 . Anger, impulsivity, and anger control in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology , 62 : 827 – 832 .
  • Chemtob , C. M. , Novaco , R. W. , Hamada , R. S. , Gross , D. M. and Smith , G. 1997 . Anger regulation deficits in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 10 ( 1 ) : 17 – 36 .
  • Crawford , E. F. , Calhoun , P. S. , Braxton , L. E. and Beckham , J. C. 2007 . Validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory Aggression scales and Violence Potential index in veterans with PTSD . Journal of Personality Assessment , 88 ( 1 ) : 90 – 98 .
  • Fontana , A. , Litz , B. and Rosenheck , R. 2000 . Impact of combat and sexual harassment on the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder among men and women peacekeepers in Somalia . Journal of Nervous & Mental Disorders , 188 : 163 – 169 .
  • Fontana , A. and Rosenheck , R. 1998 . Duty-related and sexual stress in the etiology of PTSD among women veterans who seek treatment . Psychiatric Services , 49 : 658 – 662 .
  • Fontana , A. , Rosenheck , R. and Horvath , T. 1997 . Social support and psychopathology in the war zone . Journal of Nervous & Mental Disorders , 185 : 675 – 681 .
  • Fontana , A. , Schwartz , L. S. and Rosenheck , R. 1997 . Posttraumatic stress disorder among female Vietnam veterans: A causal model of etiology . American Journal of Public Health , 87 : 169 – 175 .
  • Gondolf , E. W. and Foster , R. A. 1991 . Wife assault among VA alcohol rehabilitation patients . Hospital & Community Psychiatry , 42 ( 1 ) : 74 – 79 .
  • Hiley–Young , B. , Blake , D. D. , Abueg , F. R. , Rozynko , V. and Gusman , F. D. 1995 . Warzone violence in Vietnam: An examination of premilitary, military, and postmilitary factors in PTSD in-patients . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 8 ( 1 ) : 125 – 141 .
  • Jakupcak , M. , Conybeare , D. , Phelps , L. , Hunt , S. , Holmes , H. A. , Felker , B. … and McFall , M. E. 2007 . Anger, hostility, and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans reporting PTSD and subthreshold PTSD . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 20 : 945 – 954 .
  • Kang , H. , Dalager , N. , Mahan , C. and Ishii , E. 2005 . The role of sexual assault on the risk of PTSD among Gulf War veterans . Annals of Epidemiology , 15 : 191 – 195 .
  • Killgore , W. D. , Cotting , D. I. , Thomas , J. L. , Cox , A. L. , McGurk , D. , Vo , A. H. … and Hoge , C. W. 2008 . Post-combat invincibility: Violent combat experiences are associated with increased risk-taking propensity following deployment . Journal of Psychiatriatric Residency , 42 : 1112 – 1121 .
  • Kimerling , R. , Street , A. , Pavao , J. , Smith , M. , Cronkite , R. , Holmes , T. and Frayne , S. M. 2010 . Military-related sexual trauma among VHA patients returning from Iraq and Afghanistan . American Journal of Public Health , 100 : 1409 – 1412 .
  • Kimerling , R. E. , Gima , K. , Smith , M. W. , Street , A. E. and Frayne , S. M. 2007 . The Veterans Health Administration and military sexual trauma . American Journal of Public Health , 97 : 2160 – 2166 .
  • Lasko , N. B. , Gurvits , T. V. , Kuhne , A. A. , Orr , S. P. and Pitman , R. K. 1994 . Aggression and its correlates in Vietnam veterans with and without chronic posttraumatic stress disorder . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 35 : 373 – 381 .
  • McFall , M. E. , Wright , P. W. , Donovan , D. M. and Raskind , M. 1999 . Multidimensional assessment of anger in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 40 : 216 – 220 .
  • Novaco , R. W. 1994 . “ Anger as a risk factor for violence among the mentally disordered ” . In Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment , Edited by: Monahan , I. and Steadman , H. 21 – 56 . Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • O'Donnell , C , Cook , J. M. , Thompson , R. , Riley , K. and Neria , Y. 2006 . Verbal and physical aggression in World War II former prisoners of war: Role of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 19 : 859 – 866 .
  • Orcutt , H. K. , King , L. A. and King , D. W. 2003 . Male-perpetrated violence among Vietnam veteran couples: Relationships with veteran's early life characteristics, trauma history, and PTSD symptomatology . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 16 : 381 – 390 .
  • Ouimette , P. , Cronkite , R. , Henson , B. R. , Prins , A. , Gima , K. and Moos , R. H. 2004 . Post-traumatic stress disorder and health status among female and male medical patients . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 17 : 1 – 9 .
  • Ray , S. L. and Vanstone , M. 2009 . The impact of PTSD on veterans' family relationships: An interpretative phenomenological inquiry . International Journal of Nursing Studies , 46 : 838 – 847 .
  • Sadler , A. G. , Booth , B. M. and Doebbeling , B. N. 2005 . Gang and multiple rapes during military service: Health consequences and health care . Journal of the American Medical Women's Association , 60 ( 1 ) : 33 – 41 .
  • Sadler , A. G. , Booth , B. M. , Nielson , D. and Doebbeling , B. N. 2000 . Health-related consequences of physical and sexual violence: Women in the military . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 96 : 473 – 480 .
  • Seal , K. H. , Metzler , T. J. , Gima , K. , Bertenthal , D. , Maguen , S. and Marmar , C. R. 2009 . Trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afganistan veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs health care, 2002–2008 . American Journal of Public Health , 99 : 1651 – 1658 .
  • Sharkansky , E. J. , King , D. W. , King , L. A. , Wolfe , J. , Erickson , D. J. and Stokes , L. R. 2000 . Coping with Gulf War combat stress: Mediating and moderating effects . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 : 188 – 197 .
  • Smith , T. C. , Ryan , M. A. , Wingard , D. L. , Slymen , D. J. , Sallis , J. F. and Kritz–Silverstein , D. 2008 . New onset and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder self-reported after deployment and combat exposures: Prospective population based US military cohort study . British Medical Journal , 336 ( 7640 ) : 366 – 371 .
  • Street , A. E. , Stafford , J. , Mahan , C. M. and Hendricks , A. 2008 . Sexual harassment and assault experienced by reservists during military service: Prevalence and health correlates . Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development , 45 : 409 – 419 .
  • Summerfield , D. 1999 . A critique of seven assumptions behind psychological trauma programmes in war-affected areas . Social Science & Medicine , 48 : 1449 – 1462 .
  • Suris , A. , Lind , L. , Kashner , T. M. , Borman , P. D. and Petty , F. 2004 . Sexual assault in women veterans: An examination of PTSD risk, health care utilization, and cost of care . Psychosomatic Medicine , 66 : 749 – 756 .
  • Taft , C. T. , Kaloupek , D. G. , Schumm , J. A. , Marshall , A. D. , Panuzio , J. , King , D. W. and Keane , T. M . 2007 . Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, physiological reactivity, alcohol problems, and aggression among military veterans . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 116 : 498 – 507 .
  • Taft , C. T. , Street , A. E. , Marshall , A. D. , Dowdall , D. J. and Riggs , D. S. 2007 . Posttraumatic stress disorder, anger, and partner abuse among Vietnam combat veterans . Journal of Family Psychology , 21 : 270 – 277 .
  • Taft , C. T. , Vogt , D. S. , Marshall , A. D. , Panuzio , J. and Niles , B. L. 2007 . Aggression among combat veterans: relationships with combat exposure and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, dysphoria, and anxiety . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 20 : 135 – 145 .
  • Vogt , D. S. , Pless , A. P. , King , L. A. and King , D. W. 2005 . Deployment stressors, gender, and mental health outcomes among Gulf War I veterans . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 18 : 272 – 284 .
  • Wells , T. S. , LeardMann , C. A , Fortuna , S. O. , Smith , B. , Smith , T. C. , Ryan , M. A. and Blazer , D. 2010 . A prospective study of depression following combat deployment in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . American Journal of Public Health , 100 : 90 – 99 .
  • Yaeger , D. , Himmelfarb , N. , Cammack , A. and Mintz , J. 2006 . DSM-IV diagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder in women veterans with and without military sexual trauma . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 21 ( 3 ) : S65 – S69 .
  • Yager , J. 1976 . Postcombat violent behavior in psychiatrically maladjusting soldiers . Archives of General Psychiatry , 33 : 1332 – 1335 .
  • Yehuda , R. 2002a . Clinical relevance of biologic findings in PTSD . Psychiatry Quarterly , 73 : 123 – 133 .
  • Yehuda , R. 2002b . Post-traumatic stress disorder . New England Journal of Medicine , 346 : 108 – 114 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.