In situ X-ray observation of minerals and melts using Kawai-type multianvil apparatus combined with synchrotron radiation, and its applications to mineral physics

References

• Ohtani , E. , Kagawa , N. , Shimomura , O. , Togaya , M. , Suito , K. , Onodera , A. , Sawamoto , H. , Yoneda , M. , Tanaka , S. , Utsumi , W. , Ito , E. , Matsumoto , A. and Kikegawa , T. 1989 . High-pressure generation by a multiple anvil system with sintered diamond anvils . Rev. Sci. Instrum. , 60 : 922
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utsumi , W. , Funakoshi , K. , Urakawa , S. , Yamakata , M. , Tsuji , K. , Konishi , H. and Shimomura , O. 1998 . SPring-8 beamlines for high pressure science with multi-anvil apparatus . The Review of High Pressure Science and Technology , 7 : 1484 – 1486 .
   Google Scholar
• Kato , T. , Ohtani , E. , Morishima , H. , Yamazaki , D. , Suzuki , A. , Suto , M. , Kubo , T. , Kikegawa , T. and Shimomura , O. 1995 . In situ X ray observation of high-pressure phase transitions of MgSiO3 and thermal expansion of MgSiO3 perovskite at 25 GPa by double-stage multi-anvil system . J. Geophys. Res. , 100 : 20475 – 20481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funamori , N. , Yagi , T. , Utsuimi , W. , Kondo , K. , Uchida , T. and Funamori , M. 1996 . Thermoelastic properties of MgSiO3 perovskite determined by in situ X-ray observations up to 30 GPa and 2000 K . J. Geophys. Res. , 101 : 8257 – 8269 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsura , T. , Funakoshi , K. , Kubo , A. , Niahiyama , N. , Tange , Y. , Sueda , Y. , Kubo , T. and Utsumi , W. A large-volume high-pressure and temperature-apparatus for in situ X-ray observation, ‘SPEED-MkII’ . Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors , 143 – 144 . 497–506
   Google Scholar
• Kubo , T. , Ohtani , E. , Kondo , T. , Kato , T. , Toma , M. , Hosoya , T. , Sano , A. , Kikegawa , T. and Nagase , T. 2002 . Metastable garnet in oceanic crust at the top of the lower mantle . Nature , 420 : 803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtani , E. , Toma , M. , Kubo , T. , Kondo , T. and Kikegawa , T. 2003 . In situ X-ray observation of decomposition of superhydrous phase B at high pressure and temperature . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 30 ( 2 ) : 1029 doi: 10.1029/2002 GL015549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , O. L. , Issak , D. G. and Yamamoto , S. 1989 . Anharmonicity and the equation of state for gold . J. Appl. Phys. , 65 : 1534 – 1543 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson , J. C. , Fritz , J. N. and Manghnani , M. H. 1982 . High Pressure Research in Geophysics , Edited by: Akimoto , S. and Manghnani , S. M. H. 27 – 48 . Tokyo : Center for Academic Publications Japan .
   Google Scholar
• Fei , Y. , Li , J. , Hirose , K. , Minarik , W. , Van Orman , J. , Sanloup , C. , van Westerenen , W. , Komabayashi , T. and Funakoshi , K. 2004 . A critical evaluation of pressure scales at high temperatures by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements . Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , : 143 – 144 . 515–526
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsui , M. and Nishiyama , N. 2002 . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 29 doi: 10.1029/2001 GL 014161
   Google Scholar
• Speziale , S. , Zha , C. S. , Duffy , T. S. , R. , J. Hemley and H. , K. Mao . 2001 . J. Geophys. Res. , 106 : 515 – 528 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irifune , T. , Nishiyama , N. , Kuroda , K. , Inoue , T. , Isshiki , M. , Utsumi , W. , Funakoshi , K. , Urakawa , S. , Uchida , T. , Katsura , T. and Ohtaka , O. 1998 . The postspinel phase boundary in Mg2SiO4 determined by in situ X-ray diffraction . Science , 279 : 1698 – 1700 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morishima , H. , Kato , T. , Suto , M. , Ohtani , E. , Urakawa , S. , Utsumi , W. , Shimomura , O. and Kikegawa , T. 1994 . The phase boundary between α- and β-Mg2SiO4 determined by in situ X-ray observation . Science , 265 : 1202 – 1203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki , A. , Ohtani , E. , Morishima , H. , Kubo , T. , Kanbe , Y. , Kondo , T. , Okada , T. , Terasaki , H. , Kato , T. and Kikegawa , T. In situ determination of the phase boundary between wadsleyite and ringwoodite in Mg2SiO4 . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 27 803 – 806 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsura , T. , Yamada , H. , Shinmei , T. , Kubo , A. , Ono , S. , Kanzaki , M. , Yoneda , A. , Walter , M. J. , Urakawa , S. , Ito , E. , Funakoshi , K. and Utsumi , W. 2003 . Post-spinel transition in Mg2SiO4 determined by in situ X-ray diffractometry . Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors , 136 : 11 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fei , Y. , Van Orman , J. , Li , J. , Van Westrenen , W. , Sanloup , C. , Minarik , W. , Hirose , K. , Komabayashi , T. , Walter , M. and Funakoshi , K. 2004 . Experimentally determined postspinel transformation boundary in Mg2SiO4 using MgO as an internal pressure standard its geophysical implications . J. Geophys. Res. , 109 doi: 10.1029/2003JB002562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito , E. and Takahashi , E. 1989 . Postspinel transformations in the system Mg2SiO4–Fe2SiO4 and some geophysical implications . J. Geophys. Res. , 94 : 10637 – 10646 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litasov , K. and Ohtani , E. Stability of various hydrous phases in CMAS pyrolite–H2O system up to 25 GPa . Phys. Chem. Minerals , 30 147 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oguri , K. , Funamori , N. , Uchida , T. , Miyajima , N. , Yagi , T. and Fujino , K. 2000 . Post-garnet transition in a natural pyrope: a multi-anvil study based on in situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy . Phys Earth Planet Interiors , 122 : 175 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litasov , K. and Ohtani , E. 2005 . Phase relations in hydrous MORB at 18–28 GPa: Implications for heterogeneity of the lower mantle, 2004 . Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors , doi: 10.1016/j.pepi.2004.10.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirose , K. and Fei , Y. Subsolidus and melting phase relations of basaltic compositions in the uppermost lower mantle . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 66 2099 – 2108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirose , T. , Komabayshi , K. , Hirose , K. and Funakoshi , K. 2001 . Phase relation of antigorite at high pressure . SPring-8 User Experiment Report , : 52 No.7 (2001A)
   Google Scholar
• Kudoh , Y. , Nagase , T. , Mizobata , H. , Ohtani , E. , Sasaki , S. and Tanaka , M. 1997 . Structure and crystal chemistry of phase G, a new hydrous magnesium silicate synthesized at 22 GPa and 1050°C . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 24 : 1051 – 1054 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , H. , Prewitt , C. T. and Frost , D. J. 1997 . Crystal structure of the dense hydrous magnesium silicate, phase D . Am. Mineral , 82 : 651 – 654 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtani , E. , Toma , M. , Kubo , T. , Kondo , T. and Kikegawa , T. 2003 . In situ X-ray observation of decomposition of super hydrous phase B at high pressure and temperature . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 30 ( 2 ) : 1029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eggelton , R. A. , Boland , N. J. and Ringwood , A. 1979 . High pressure synthesis of a new aluminum silicate: Al5Si5O17(OH) . Geochem. J. , 12 : 191 – 194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , M. W. and Poli , S. 1998 . Experimentally based water budgets for dehydrating slabs and consequences for arc magma gemeration . Earth Planet Sci. Lett. , 163 : 361 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sano , A. , Ohtani , E. , Kubo , T. and Funakoshi , K. 2004 . In situ X-ray observation of decomposition of hydrous aluminum silicate AlSiO3OH and aluminum oxide hydroxide δ-AlOOH at high pressure and temperature . J. Phys. Chem. Solids , 65 : 1547 – 1554 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki , A. , Ohtani , E. and Kamada , T. 2000 . A new hydrous phase δ-AlOOH synthesized at 20.9 GPa and 1000 °C . Phys. Chem. Minerals , 27 : 689 – 693 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtani , E. , Litasov , K. D. , Suzuki , A. and Kondo , T. 2001 . Stability field of new hydrous phase, δ-AlOOH, with implications for water transport into the deep mantle . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 28 : 3991 – 3993 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishihara , Yu. , Takahashi , E. , Matsukage , K. N. , Iguchi , T. , Nakayama , K. and Funakoshi , K. 2004 . Thermal equation of state of (Mg0.9Fe0.1)2SiO4 ringwoodite . Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors , : 143 – 144 . 33–46
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo , T. , Ohtani , E. and Funakoshi , K. 2004 . Nucleation and growth kinetics of the α − β transformation in Mg2SiO4 determined by in-situ X-ray observations . Am. Mineral , 89 : 285 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker , D. L. 1971 . High-pressure equation of state for NaCl, KCl, and CsCl . J. Appl. Phys. , 42 : 3239 – 3244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnbull , D. 1956 . “ Phase changes ” . In Solid State Physics Edited by: Seitz , F. and Turnbull , D. Vol. 3 , 225 – 306 .
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , W. D. and Rosenfeld , J. L. 1981 . Optical determination of topotactic aragonite calcite growth kinetics: Metamorphic implications . J. Geol. , 89 : 615 – 638 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akaogi , M. , Ito , E. and Navrotsky , A. 1989 . Olivine-modified spinel-spinel transitions in the system Mg2SiO4–Fe2SiO4: Calorimetric measurements, thermochemical calculation, and geophysical application . J. Geophys. Res. , 94 : 15671 – 15685 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubie , D. C. and Ross , C. R. 1994 . Kinetics of olivine-spinel transformation in subducting lithosphere: Experimental constrains and implications for deep slab processes . Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors , 86 : 223 – 241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtani , E. , Litasov , K. , Hosaya , T. , Kubo , T. and Kondo , T. 2004 . Water transport into the deep mantle and formation of a hydrous transition zone . Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors , 143–144 : 201 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo , T. , Ohtani , E. , Kato , T. , Morishima , H. , Yamazaki , D. , Suzuki , A. , Mibe , K. , Kikegawa , T. and Shimomura , O. 1998 . An in situ X ray diffraction study of the a–b transformation kinetics of Mg2SiO4 . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 25 : 695 – 698 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo , T. , Ohtani , E. , Kato , T. , Urakawa , S. , Suzuki , A. , Funakoshi , K. , Utsumi , W. and Fujino , K. 2000 . Formation of metastable assemblages and mechanisms of the grain-size reduction in the postspinel transformation of Mg2SiO4 . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 27 : 807 – 810 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo , T. , Ohtani , E. , Kato , T. , Urakawa , S. , Suzuki , A. , Kanbe , Y. , Funakoshi , K. , Utsumi , W. , Kikegawa , T. and Fujino , K. 2002 . Mechanisms and kinetics of the post-spinel transformation in Mg2SiO4 . Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors , 129 : 153 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo , T. , Ohtani , E. , Kondo , T. , Kato , T. , Toma , M. , Hosoya , T. , Sano , A. , Kikegawa , T. and Nagase , T. 2002 . Metastable garnet in oceanic crust at the top of the lower mantle . Nature , 420 : 803 – 806 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu , F. , Kawakatsu , H. and Fukao , Y. 2003 . A slightly dipping and strong seismic reflector at mid-mantle depth beneath the Mariana subduction zone, . J. Geophys. Res. ,
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanesima , S. and Helfrich , G. 1999 . Dipping lower-velocity layer in the mid-lower mantle: evidence for geochemical heterogeneity . Science , 285 : 1888 – 1891 .
   Google Scholar
• Kanzaki , M. , Kurita , K. , Fujii , T. , Kato , T. , Shimomura , O. and Akimoto , S. 1987 . “ A new technique to measure the viscosity and density of silicate melts at high pressure ” . In High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics , Edited by: Manghnani , M. H. and Syono , Y. 195 – 200 . Washington D.C : American Geophysical Union .
   Google Scholar
• Funakoshi , K. , Suzuki , A. and Terasaki , H. 2002 . In situ viscosity measurements of albite melt under high pressure . Phys. Condens. Matter , 14 : 11343 – 11347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki , A. , Ohtani , E. , Funakoshi , K. and Terasaki , H. 2002 . Viscosity of albte melt at high pressure and high temperature . Phys. Chem. Minerals , 29 : 159 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid , J. E. , Suzuki , A. , Funakoshi , K. , Terasaki , H. , Poe , B. T. , Rubie , D. C. and Ohtani , E. 2003 . The viscosity of CaMgSi2O6 liquid at pressures up to 13 GPa . Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors , 139 : 45 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faxen , H. 1925 . Gegenseitige Einwirkung zweier Kugeln, die in einer Zaehen Fluessigkeit fallen . Ark Mat Asron Fys. , 19 : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Lange , L. R. and Carmichael , I. S. E. 1987 . Densities of Na2O–K2O–CaO–MgO–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3–TiO2-SiO2 liquids: New measurements and derived partial molar properties . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 51 : 2931 – 2946 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kress , V. C. , Williams , Q. and Carmichael , E. S. E. 1988 . Ultrasonic investigation of melts in the system Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 52 : 283 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki , A. 2000 . “ Physical properties of silicate melt at high pressure and high temperature: Applications to the planetary interior ” . Tohoku University . Ph.D thesis
   Google Scholar