Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 12, 2000 - Issue 8
28
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

COMBINED RESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF COLD AIR WITH SO2 OR NO2 IN REPEATED 10-MINUTE EXPOSURES OF HYPERVENTILATING GUINEA PIGS

Pages 671-691 | Published online: 01 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Barbet, J. P., Cheveau, M., [abbe, S., and Lockhart, A. 1988. Breathing dry air causes acute epithelial damage and inflammation of the guinea pig trachea./ Appl. PhysioL 64:1851–1857.
  • Bauer, M. A., Utell, M. J., Morrow, P. E., Speers, D. M., and Gibb, F. R. 1986. Inhalation of 0.30 ppm nitrogen dioxide potentiates exercise-induced bronchospasm in asthmatics. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 134(6):1203–1208.
  • Bethel, R. A., Sheppard, D., and Epstein, J. 1984. Interaction of sulfur dioxide and dry cold air in causing bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects.]. Appl. PhysioL 57:419–423.
  • Blomberg, A., Krishna, M. T., Helleday, R., Soderberg, M., Ledin, M. C., Kelly, F. J., Frew, A. J., Holgate, S. T., and Sandstrom, T. 1999. Persistent airway inflammation but accommodated antioxidant and lung function responses after repeated daily exposure to nitrogen dioxide. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159(2):536–543.
  • Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly of the American Thoracic Society. 1996a. Health effects of outdoor air pollution (part 1 of 2). Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153:3–50.
  • Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly of the American Thoracic Society. 1996b. Health effects of outdoor air pollution (part 2 of 2). Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153:477–498.
  • Ericsson, G., and Camner, P. 1983. Health effects of sulfur oxides and particulate matter in ambient air. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 9\(suppl. 3):1–52.
  • Hälinen, A. I., Pennanen, A. S., and Salonen, R. 0. 2000. Characterization of respiratory exposure to and effects of cold air hyperventilation in guinea pigs. InhaL ToxicoL 12(8):649–669.
  • Kuusisto, P. 1990. Ulkoilma ja astma [Outdoor air and asthma]. Academic dissertation in Finnish, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
  • Larsson, K., Torling, G., Gavhed, D., Müller-Suur, C., and Palmberg, L. 1998. Inhalation of cold air increases the number of inflammatory cells in the lung in healthy subjects. Eur. Respir. J. 12: 825–839.
  • Linn, W. S., Shamoo, D. A., Vinet, T. G., Spier, C. E., Valencia, L. M., Anzar, U. T., and Hackney, J. D. 1984. Combined effect of sulfur dioxide and cold in exercising asthmatics. Arch. Environ. Health 39(5):339–346.
  • Maclagan, J., and Ney, U. M. 1979. Investigation of the mechanism of propranolol-induced bron-choconstricticn. Br.]. Pharmacol. 66:409–418.
  • Mauderly, J. L. 1977. Bronchopulmonary lavage of small laboratory animals. Lab. Anim. Sci. 27(2): 255–261.
  • McFadden, E. R. J. 1983. Respiratory heat and water exchange: physiological and clinical implica-tions./ Appl. PhysioL 54(2):331–336.
  • McFadden, E. R., and Gilbert, I. A. 1994. Exercise-induced asthma. N. Engl.]. Med. 330:1362-1367. Millqvist, E., Bake, B., and Bengtsson, U. 1984. The Swedish winter disables asthmatics. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. 65:41–43.
  • Mukala, K., Pekkanen, J., Tiittanen, P., Alm, S., Salonen, R. 0., Jantunen, M., and Tuomisto, J. 1996. Seasonal exposure to NO2 and respiratory symptoms in preschool children. J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 6: 197–210.
  • Mukala, K., Pekkanen, J., Tiittanen, P., Alm, S., Salonen, R. 0., and Tuomisto, J. 1999. Personally measured weekly exposure to NO2 and respiratory health among preschool children. Eur Respir J. 13: 1411–1417.
  • Ponka, A. 1990. Absenteeism and respiratory disease among children and adults in Helsinki in rela-tion to low-level pollution and temperature. Environ. Res. 52:34–46
  • Pönka, A., and Virtanen, M. 1994. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and low-level air pollution in Helsinki, 1987-1989. Environ. Res. 65:207–217.
  • Randell, J. T. 1997. Experiments on climatic factors and low level NO2 or SO2 exposure on respiratory health in mild asthma and allergic rhinitis. Academic dissertation, Faculty of Medicine, Uni-versity of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
  • Randell, J. T., Salonen, R. 0., and Pennanen, A. S. 1996. Respiratory effects of SO2 and NO2 at -20°C in exercising asthmatic subjects. Eur. Respir. J. 9\(supp1.23):452s.
  • Ray, D. W., Hernandez, C., Munoz, N., Leff, A. R., and Solway, J. 1988. Bronchoconstriction elicited by isocapnic hyperpnea in guinea pigs.]. Appl. Physiol. 65:934–939.
  • Rossi, 0. V., Kinnu la, V. L., Tienari, J., and Huhti, E. 1993. Association of severe asthma attacks with weather, pollen and air pollutants. Thorax 48(3):244–248.
  • Salonen, R. 0. 1995. Urban air quality and health in Finland. Finnish Air Pollut. Prevent. News 19(3): 21–24.
  • Salonen, R. 0., Webber, S. E., Deffebach, M. E., and Widdicombe, J. G. 1991. Tracheal vascular and smooth muscle responses to air temperature and humidity in dogs.]. Appl. PhysioL 71:50–59.
  • Salonen, R. 0., Hal inen, A. I., Pennanen, A. S., Hyyönen, K., and Ruuskanen, J. 1998. A new guinea-pig model for acute inhalation studies on combined effects of cold air and pollutants. Respir. PhysioL 113:271–283.
  • SAS Institute, Inc. 1989. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6, 4th ed., vols. 1-2. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.
  • Sheppard, D., Eschenbacher, W. L., Boushey, H. A., and Bethel, R. A. 1984. Magnitude of the inter-action between the bronchomotor effects of sulfur dioxide and those of dry (cold) air. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 130:52–55.
  • Timonen, K. L., and Pekkanen, J. 1997. Air pollution and respiratory health among children with asthmatic or cough symptoms. Am.]. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156:546–552.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Second Addendum to Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides (1982): Assessment of Newly Available Health Effects Information. U.S. EPA Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA/600/8-86/020F.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1993. Air Quality Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC. EPA/600/8-91/049aF-cF.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1994. Supplement to the Second Addendum (1986) to Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides (1982): Assessment of New Findings on Sulfur Dioxide Acute Exposure Health Effects in Asthmatic Individuals. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC. EPA/600/FP–93/002.
  • World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. 1987. Air Quality Guidelines for Europe. WHO Regional Publications, European Series No. 23, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. 1995. Update and Revision of the Air Quality Guidelines for Europe-Meeting of the Working Group on Classical Air Pollutants, 11–14 October 1994, Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Report EUR/ICP/EHAZ 94 05/PB01 (EUR/HFA target 21).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.